فرانك تشرش

Frank Church
FrankChurch.jpg
Chair of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee
في المنصب
January 3, 1979 – January 3, 1981
سبقهJohn Sparkman
خلـَفهCharles H. Percy
Chair of the Senate Aging Committee
في المنصب
January 3, 1971 – January 3, 1979
سبقهHarrison A. Williams
خلـَفهLawton Chiles
سناتور الولايات المتحدة
عن Idaho
في المنصب
January 3, 1957 – January 3, 1981
سبقهHerman Welker
خلـَفهSteve Symms
تفاصيل شخصية
وُلِد
Frank Forrester Church III

(1924-07-25)يوليو 25, 1924
Boise, Idaho, U.S.
توفيأبريل 7, 1984(1984-04-07) (aged 59)
Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.
الحزبDemocratic
الزوج
(m. 1947)
الأنجال2 (including Frank)
التعليمStanford University (BA, LLB)
الخدمة العسكرية
الولاء الولايات المتحدة
الفرع/الخدمة الولايات المتحدة
سنوات الخدمة1943–1946
الرتبةUS-O1 insignia.svg Second Lieutenant
الوحدةMilitary intelligence
المعارك/الحروبالحرب العالمية الثانية
 • China Burma India Theater

فرانك فورستر تشرش الثالث (Frank Forrester Church III ؛ 25 يوليو 19247 أبريل 1984) كان محامياً أمريكياً وسياسياً. وعضو في الحزب الديمقراطي، وخدم كسناتور أمريكي عن ولاية آيداهو من 1957 حتى 1981. وعـُرِف بترأسه لجنة تشرش، التي حققت في انتهاكات داخل مجتمع المخابرات الأمريكي.

In the Senate, Church was a protégé of Lyndon B. Johnson and established a reputation as a member of the party's liberal wing. He was an important figure in American foreign policy and chaired the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations from 1979 to 1981.

Church sought the Democratic nomination in the 1976 presidential election, but withdrew from the race in favor of Jimmy Carter.


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عمله في مجلس الشيوخ الأمريكي

انتخابه في 1956

حياته السياسية اللاحقة

Commemorative plaque in Idaho City where Church announced his candidacy for the presidential election


نتائج الانتخابات

U.S. Senate elections in Idaho (Class III): Results 1956–1980
Year Democrat Votes Pct Republican Votes Pct 3rd Party Party Votes Pct
1956 Frank Church 149,096 56.2% Herman Welker (inc.) 102,781 38.7% Glen H. Taylor Write-In 13,415 5.1%
1962 Frank Church (inc.) 141,657 54.7% Jack Hawley 117,129 45.3%
1968 Frank Church (inc.) 173,482 60.3% George V. Hansen 114,394 39.7%
1974 Frank Church (inc.) 145,140 56.1% Bob Smith 109,072 42.1% Jean L. Stoddard American 4,635 1.8%
1980 Frank Church (inc.) 214,439 48.8% Steve Symms 218,701 49.7% Larry Fullmer Libertarian 6,507 1.5%

Following his 24 years in the Senate, Church practiced international law with the Washington, D.C., firm of Whitman and Ransom, specializing in Asian issues.

وفاته

Three years after leaving the Senate, Church was hospitalized for a pancreatic tumor on January 12, 1984.[1][2] Less than three months later, he died at his home in Bethesda, Maryland, on April 7 at age 59.[3][4] A memorial service was held at the National Cathedral in Washington, D.C.[5] and then his body was flown home to Idaho, where he lay in state beneath the rotunda of the Idaho State Capitol.[6][7] His funeral was held in downtown Boise at the Cathedral of the Rockies on April 12 and televised throughout Idaho. Church was buried at Morris Hill Cemetery near his boyhood hero, Senator William Borah.[8][9][10]

ذكراه

Church received an honorary doctorate from Pennsylvania's Elizabethtown College in 1983 to honor his work for the American people during his career in public office. His papers, originally given to his alma mater Stanford University in 1981, were transferred to Boise State University at his request in 1984.

اعتبارا من 2018, Church remains the last Democrat to serve in the U.S. Senate from Idaho; his final election victory was in 1974, 50 years ago.

تحذير عن وكالة الأمن القومي

Church was stunned by what the Church Committee learned about the immense operations and electronic monitoring capabilities of the National Security Agency (NSA), an agency whose existence was unknown to most Americans at the time. Church stated in 1975:

That capability at any time could be turned around on the American people, and no American would have any privacy left, such is the capability to monitor everything: telephone conversations, telegrams, it doesn't matter. There would be no place to hide.[11][12]

He is widely quoted as also stating regarding the NSA:

I don't want to see this country ever go across the bridge... I know the capacity that is there to make tyranny total in America, and we must see to it that this agency and all agencies that possess this technology operate within the law and under proper supervision, so that we never cross over that abyss. That is the abyss from which there is no return.[11][12]

Commentators such as Glenn Greenwald have praised Church for his prescient warning regarding this turning around by the NSA to monitor the American people, arguing that the NSA undertook such a turning in the years after the September 11 Attacks.[13]

انظر أيضاً

الهامش

 This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.

  1. ^ "Frank Church in hospital; described as 'gravely ill'". Spokesman-Review. (Spokane, Washington). Associated Press. January 11, 1984. p. 1.
  2. ^ "Former Sen. Church will undergo surgery at N.Y. cancer center". Deseret News. (Salt Lake City, Utah). Associated Press. January 11, 1984. p. A3.
  3. ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة ixsfcdoc
  4. ^ "Frank Church dies of cancer". Lewiston Morning Tribune. (from The Washington Post). April 8, 1984. p. 1.
  5. ^ "Church's body returned for funeral rite at Boise". Spokane Chronicle. Washington. Associated Press. April 11, 1984. p. 36.
  6. ^ "Church's body comes home to Idaho". Spokesman-Review. Spokane, Washington. Associated Press. April 12, 1984. p. 1.
  7. ^ "Hundreds of Idahoans mourn". Spokane Chronicle. Washington. Associated Press. April 12, 1984. p. 1.
  8. ^ "Frank Church will rest near boyhood hero". Spokane Chronicle. Associated Press. April 9, 1984. p. 3.
  9. ^ Sher, Jeff (April 13, 1984). "Last tribute paid to Church". Spokesman-Review. Spokane, Washington. p. 1.
  10. ^ Gallagher, Susan (April 13, 1984). "Church remembered as man of compassion". Lewiston Morning Tribune. Idaho. Associated Press. p. 1A.
  11. ^ أ ب "The Intelligence Gathering Debate". NBC. August 18, 1975. Retrieved May 28, 2015.
  12. ^ أ ب Bamford, James (December 25, 2005). "The Agency That Could Be Big Brother". The New York Times.
  13. ^ Greenwald, Glenn (June 25, 2013). "Liberal Icon Frank Church on the NSA - Almost 40 Years Ago, the Idaho Senator Warned of the Dangers of Allowing the NSA to Turn Inward". The Guardian.

للاستزادة

  • Ashby, LeRoy. "Frank Church Goes to the Senate: The Idaho Election of 1956." Pacific Northwest Quarterly 78 (January–April 1987): 17-31.
  • Ashby, LeRoy, and Rod Gramer. Fighting the Odds: The Life of Senator Frank Church. Pullman: Washington State University Press, 1994.
  • Church, F. Forrester. Father and Son: A Personal Biography of Senator Frank Church of Idaho by His Son'
  • Dant, Sara. "Making Wilderness Work: Frank Church and the American Wilderness Movement." Pacific Historical Review 77 (May 2008): 237-272.
  • Ewert, Sara E. Dant. "The Conversion of Senator Frank Church: Evolution of an Environmentalist." Ph.D. dissertation, Washington State University, 2000.
  • Ewert, Sara E. Dant. "Evolution of an Environmentalist: Senator Frank Church and the Hells Canyon Controversy." Montana: The Magazine of Western History 51 (Spring 2001): 36-51.
  • Ewert, Sara E. Dant. "Peak Park Politics: The Struggle over the Sawtooths, from Borah to Church." Pacific Northwest Quarterly (Summer 2000): 138-149.
  • Hall, Bill. Frank Church, D.C., and Me. Pullman, Washington: Washington State University Press, 1995. ISBN 978-0-87422-119-0


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وصلات خارجية


مناصب حزبية
سبقه
David Worth Clark
Democratic nominee for U.S. Senator from Idaho
(Class 3)

1956, 1962, 1968, 1974, 1980
تبعه
John V. Evans
سبقه
Frank G. Clement
Keynote Speaker of the Democratic National Convention
1960
تبعه
John O. Pastore
مجلس الشيوخ الأمريكي
سبقه
Herman Welker
U.S. Senator (Class 3) from Idaho
1957–1981
خدم بجانب: Henry Dworshak, Leonard B. Jordan, James A. McClure
تبعه
Steve Symms
سبقه
John Sparkman
Chair of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee
1979–1981
تبعه
Charles H. Percy
سبقه
Harrison A. Williams
Chair of the Senate Aging Committee
1971–1979
تبعه
Lawton Chiles
منصب حديث Chair of the Senate National Emergency Termination Committee
1971–1975
Position abolished
Chair of the Church Committee
1975
تبعه
Daniel Inouye
بصفته Chair of the Senate Intelligence Committee
ألقاب فخرية.
سبقه
Russell Long
Baby of the Senate
1957–1961
تبعه
John Tower
الكلمات الدالة: