غرافلين، محطة الطاقة النووية

Gravelines Nuclear Power Station
Gravelines Nuclear Power Station
الاسم الرسمي	Centrale Nucléaire de Gravelines
البلد	France
الموقع	Gravelines, Nord
الإحداثيات	51°00′55″N 02°08′10″E
الحالة	قيد التشغيل
بدء الإنشاء	1974
تاريخ التشغيل	13 March 1980 (13 March 1980)
المشغل	EDF
محطة طاقة نوية
نوع المفاعل	PWR
Reactor supplier	Framatome
Power generation
Units operational	6 × 910 MW
Make and model	Alstom
Nameplate capacity	5460 MW
Capacity factor	76.9%
Annual net output	38,462 GW·h
External links
Website	EDF.com
Commons	Related media on Commons

The Gravelines Nuclear Power Station is a nuclear power plant located near the commune of Gravelines in Nord, France, approximately 20 km (12 mi) from Dunkerque and Calais. Its cooling water comes from the North Sea. The plant consists of 6 nuclear reactors of 900 MW each. In 2017 the plant produced 31.67 TWh of electric energy, 5.9% of French electricity production. Two reactors entered service in 1980, two in 1981, and two in 1985.

The site employs 1,680 regular employees. اعتبارا من 2 أغسطس 2010 (2010-08-02), it became the second nuclear station anywhere in the world to produce over one thousand terawatt-hours of electricity, following Bruce Nuclear Generating Station in Ontario, Canada, which passed that milestone in 2009.

The reactors of Units 5 and 6 were initially intended for export to Iran, but the order was cancelled after the Iranian Revolution in 1979. Their design, known as CPY, was the basis for the Chinese CPR-1000. An intermediate derivative is called the M310.

The power station

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 الطاقة والانتاج

The plant has six reactors of 910 MW (unit electrical power), two of which entered service in 1980 , two in 1981 and two in 1985 . In 2006 these reactors produced a total of 38.4 TWh of electricity 15 .

With a total net power of 5,460 MW 16 , the Gravelines power station is the second most powerful in Europe, after the Zaporijjia nuclear power station in Ukraine .

In 2005, with 8.6% of national nuclear power, it ensured, with 38.14 TWh (terawatt-hours) 8.1% of national production, thanks to 1,700 employees and 300 subcontracting companies (nearly 1,300 people). In support, that same year, the old EDF thermal power station in Dunkirk was replaced by a new gas-fired power station called “DK6” of 800 MW (megawatts) by GDF. DK6 supplies electricity to Arcelor , but also (for 2 ⁄ 3 of its production) to the European market, producing less CO 2, thanks to modernized technology 17 .

In 2011, 5 of the 6 reactors operated with plutonium fuel: MOX fuel .

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  Plan maquette
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  Salle de commande
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  Piscine réacteur
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  Salle des machines
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  Réchauffeur en salle des machines
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  Piscine réacteur et machine de chargement

 انتاج الماء الساخن

• Part of the heat produced by the plant is also used in a remote heating network to supply a fish farm, the company Aquanord .
• A 5 km underwater tunnel was dug between the Gravelines nuclear power plant and the Dunkirk LNG terminal. This tunnel is used to convey part of the warm water discharged by the plant in order to heat the liquefied natural gas (LNG) to restore its gaseous form, by bringing it from a temperature of -163° to 3°.
• Finally, hot water is also used for the internal operation of the plant, in particular to avoid thermal shocks in the circuits.

 سمات المفاعلات

The characteristics of the reactors in service are as follows:

Nom du réacteur	Modèle	Capacité [MW]			Exploitant	Constructeur	Début constr.	Raccord. au réseau	Mise en service comm.
		Thermique (MWt)	brute (MWe)	Nette (MWe)
Gravelines-1	CP1	2785	951	910	EDF	Framatome	février 1975	mars 1980	novembre 1980
Gravelines-2	CP1	2785	951	910	EDF	Framatome	mars 1975	août 1980	décembre 1980
Gravelines-3	CP1	2785	951	910	EDF	Framatome	décembre 1975	décembre 1980	juin 1981
Gravelines-4	CP1	2785	951	910	EDF	Framatome	avril 1976	juin 1981	oct 1981
Gravelines-5	CP1	2785	951	910	EDF	Framatome	oct 1979	août 1984	janvier 1985
Gravelines-6	CP1	2785	951	910	EDF	Framatome	oct 1979	août 1985	oct 1985

 حوادث

• In 2006 when Unit 3 was taken offline for routine refueling, it was discovered that an electrical wire had not been plugged in correctly during the last outage in 2005. This ranked Level-1 on the INES Scale, the lowest level on the 7-point scale
• In 2007, the plant experienced four separate events that qualified as Level-1 on the INES Scale.
• In August 2009, during the annual exchange of fuel bundles in Reactor-1, one bundle got stuck to the upper handling structure, stopping the operations and causing the evacuation and isolation of the reactor's building.

 Cooling water

The cooling water that carries waste heat from the plant is used for aquaculture in a location named Route De L'aquaculture.

A local commune of aquafarmers who raise European seabass and gilt-head breams. The warm water helps them grow faster.

 Economics

A major OVH datacentre is located next to the power station.

 See also

• List of largest power stations in the world
• List of nuclear power stations

 External links

• Official website