عبيد الله بن عبد الله الخزاعي

Ubaydallah ibn Abdallah ibn Tahir
Governor of Baghdad
(first period)
في المنصب
867 - 869
العاهلAl-Mu'tazz
سبقهMuhammad ibn Abdallah
خلـَفهSulayman ibn Abdallah
Governor of Baghdad
(second period)
في المنصب
879 - 885
العاهلAl-Mutamid
خلـَفهMuhammad ibn Tahir
Governor of Baghdad
(third period)
في المنصب
889 - 891
العاهلal-Mutamid
خلـَفهNone
تفاصيل شخصية
وُلِد838
توفيMay 913
Baghdad, Abbasid Caliphate
الأنجالAhmad ibn Ubaydallah
الوالدانAbdallah ibn Tahir

أبو أحمد عبيد الله بن عبد الله بن طاهر بن الحسين الخزاعي عُرف أيضًا بـابن طاهر (838 - 21 مايو 913) أمير طاهري وأديب وشاعر عربي عراقي من أهل القرن التاسع الميلادي/ الثالث الهجري. انتهت إليه رئاسة الأسرة. ولد في بغداد وولّي الشرطة فيها. كان مهيبًا رفيع المنزلة عند المعتضد العباسي. بارع في الهندسة والموسيقى، حسن الترسل. اشتغل بالحديث النبوي ويعد «صدوق حسن الحديث». له الإشارة في‌ أخبار الشعراء، والسياسة الملوكية، ومراسلات مع ابن المعتز. توفي في بغداد ودفن بمقابر قريش.[1][2][3]

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سيرته

هو عبيد الله بن عبد الله بن طاهر بن الحسين بن مصعب بن رزيق بن ماهان الخزاعي الطاهري. ولد في بغداد سنة 223 هـ/ 838 م. ولي شرطة بغداد نيابة عن أخيه الأمير محمد بن عبد الله ثم استقل بها بعد موت أخيه. وكان رئيسًا جليلًا وشاعرًا محسنًا ومترسلًا بليغًا. وكان سيداً، وإليه انتهت رياسة أهله، وهو آخر من مات منهم رئيساً

Upon Muhammad's death in November 867, Ubaydallah assumed the governorship of Baghdad as his brother's designated successor, and he quickly received formal confirmation from al-Mu'tazz. During his first term as governor, he was responsible for hunting down the sons of the Turkish officer Bugha al-Sharabi following the latter's execution in 868. Before long, however, he was beset by fiscal problems which made it difficult for him to pay the salaries of the troops in the city, and was eventually compelled to surrender the governorship to his brother Sulayman ibn Abdallah ibn Tahir in 869.[4]

Following Sulayman's death in late 879, Ubaydallah was again appointed as head of security (shurtah) in Baghdad, this time as deputy to the Saffarid Amr ibn al-Layth, who had been granted that position by the central government.[5] He probably held the governorship until 885, when a reversal in caliphal policy toward the Saffarids resulted in 'Amr being formally dismissed from office.[6] In August 889 he was restored to the shurtah following a rapprochement between the central government and 'Amr, but in 891 the Abbasid prince Abu al-Abbas ibn al-Muwaffaq (the future caliph al-Mu'tadid, r. 892–902) appointed his own page Badr al-Mu'tadidi to that position instead.[7]

During the reign of al-Mu'tadid Ubaydallah fell into a period of hardship, and in his last years he relied on financial assistance from prominent individuals such as al-Muktafi, Ibn al-Mu'tazz, and Ahmad and Ali of the Banu'l-Furat.[8] He died in Baghdad in May 913.[9]

اشتغل بالحديث النبوي، وحدث عن أبي الصلت الهروي والزبير بن بكار الأسدي روى عنه محمد بْن يَحْيَى الصولي، وَعمر بْن الْحَسَن الأشناني، وأبو القاسم الطبراني، وغيرهم. وهو غير «عبيد الله بن عبد الله بن أقرم».

توفي عبيد الله الخزاعي في 12 شوال سنة 300 هـ/ 21 مايو 913 م في بغداد ودفن بمقابر قريش وكانت وزارته عشر سنين وخمسين يوما. [10]


الأدب

Aside from his political career, 'Ubdaydallah was renowned for his extensive cultural patronage and expertise, leading the historian Clifford Edmund Bosworth to call him "the most celebrated of his family in the literary and artistic fields."[11] He was considered to be proficient in adab literature, poetry, grammar, history, geometry, and music, and his skills in these fields were praised by authors such as Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani and al-Shabushti. As a musician he was known to have composed several melodies for prominent signers of the time, although he was too proud to openly take credit for his pieces and attributed them to a singing girl that he owned instead. He also enjoyed a longstanding relationship with the poet Ibn al-Rumi, and was one of the largest dedicatees of the latter's poetry.[12]

Ubaydallah was the author of several works, although they are now believed to be lost. Among his writings were a book about poems and poets (Kitab al-ishara fi akhbar al-shi'r), a treatise on government (Risala fi al-siyasa al-mulukiyya), a collection of letters sent to him by the Abbasid prince and poet Ibn al-Mu'tazz, a book on melody and the background behind the composition of well-known songs (Kitab al-adab al-rafi'a), and a work on rhetoric (Kitab al-bara'a wa al-fasaha). His poetry was also organized into a collection (diwan), and many of his verses were transmitted by later writers.[13]

شعره

من شعره:

ألا أيها الدهر الذي قد مللتهلتخليطه هلا مللت حياتي
فقد وجلال الله حببت دائباًإلي على بغض الوفاة وفاتي


مؤلفاته

وله تصانيف منها

  • الإشارة، في أخبار الشعراء
  • السياسة الملوكية أو رئاسة السياسة أو رسالة في السياسة الملوكية
  • البراعة في الفصاحة

مراجع

  1. ^ http://hadith.islam-db.com/narrators/47129/عبيد-الله-بن-عبد-الله-بن-طاهر-بن-الحسين-بن-مصعب-بن-رزيق Archived 2020-07-10 at the Wayback Machine
  2. ^ {{cite book}}: Empty citation (help)
  3. ^ http://hadithtransmitters.hawramani.com/عبيد-الله-بن-عبد-الله-بن-طاهر-بن-الحسين Archived 2020-06-05 at the Wayback Machine
  4. ^ Al-Tabari 1985–2007, v. 36: pp. 13-15; Al-Ya'qubi 1883, p. 613. Before resigning the governorship, he emptied the treasuries and collected taxes on immature crops, leaving Sulayman with a major shortage of funds. Ubaydallah is subsequently mentioned in the year 874 by al-Tabari, v. 36: p. 163, as being ordered by the central government to read a statement to pilgrims from several provinces that were present in Baghdad, declaring that Yaqub ibn al-Layth was not the legitimate governor of Khurasan. This account, which suggests that Ubaydallah was in a position of authority in Baghdad, might accord with Hamzah al-Isfahani 1844, p. 182, who claims that he was actually governor of the city at the time.
  5. ^ Al-Tabari 1985–2007, v. 37: pp. 1, 2.
  6. ^ Al-Tabari 1985–2007, v. 37: p. 147; Muhammad ibn Tahir was invested with the governorship of Khurasan on this occasion, but al-Tabari is silent on whether or not he received the governorship of Baghdad as well. In that same year, however, al-Husayn ibn Isma'il is mentioned as being Muhammad's sahib al-shurtah in Baghdad; v. 37: p. 148. Ubaydallah was likely still governor in 882-883, when his son was acting as his deputy in Baghdad; v. 37: p. 81, and Guest 1944, pp. 14, 79.
  7. ^ Al-Tabari 1985–2007, v. 37: pp. 160-61, 168. Badr's appointment represents the latest date that Ubaydallah could have lost his office. Al-Tabari mentions that in February 890, Ubaydallah's patron 'Amr suffered another reversal in his relations with the central government, and that "orders were issued to remove the poles, flags and shields" bearing his name from the headquarters of the shurtah. He does not specify if Ubaydallah was dismissed at this point.
  8. ^ Bosworth 1982, pp. 74–75; Guest 1944, p. 29
  9. ^ Ibn Khallikan 1843, p. 81.
  10. ^ http://www.al-eman.com/الكتب/سير أعلام النبلاء/33- أبو عثمان الحيري سعيد بن إسماعيل بن سعيد/i950&d1199950&c&p1 Archived 2020-08-14 at the Wayback Machine
  11. ^ Bosworth 1994, p. 140.
  12. ^ Bosworth 1982, pp. 71–76; Guest 1944, pp. 12–15; Ibn Khallikan 1843, pp. 79–81
  13. ^ Bosworth 1982, pp. 71–72, 74; Ibn Khallikan 1843, pp. 80–81

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