طاق بستان

Taq-e Bostan
Taq-e Bostan
	Taq Bostan, a famous rock relief of Sassanid Iran
الموقع	Kermanshah, Iran
بـُنِيَ	ca. 4th century CE
النمط المعماري	Persian architecture
	موقع Taq-e Bostan في إيران

A Taq Bostan carving depicts women playing changs (Persian harps) while the king is hunting.

طاق بستان قرية في غرب إيران شمال مدينة كرمنشاه معروفة بتماثيل منحوتة في الصخر من عصر الساسانيين منحوتة للملك خُسرو الثاني أو كسرى الثاني. تعتبر هذه التماثيل من أفضل ما أنتجه الفن الفارسي.

This example of Persian Sassanid art is located 5 km from the city center of Kermanshah. It is located in the heart of the Zagros Mountains, where it has endured almost 1,700 years of wind and rain. Originally, several natural springs were visible next to and below the reliefs and arches, some of which are now covered. Springs next to the reliefs still feed a large basin in front of the rock. The site has been turned into an archaeological park and a series of late Sassanian and Islamic column capitals have been brought together (some found at Taq Bostan, others at Mount Behistun and Kermanshah).

The carvings, some of the finest and best-preserved examples of Persian sculpture under the Sassanids, include representations of the investitures of Ardashir II (379–383) and Shapur III (383–388). Like other Sassanid symbols, Taq-e Bostan, and its relief patterns accentuate power, religious tendencies, glory, honor, the vastness of the court, game and fighting spirit, festivity, joy, and rejoicing.

Sassanid kings chose a beautiful setting for their rock reliefs along a historic Silk Road caravan route waypoint and campground. The reliefs are adjacent to sacred springs that empty into a large reflecting pool at the base of a mountain cliff.

Taq-e Bostan and its rock relief are one of the 30 surviving Sassanid relics of the Zagros Mountains. According to Arthur Pope, the founder of the Iranian Art and Archeology Institute in the United States of America, "art was characteristic of the Iranian people and the gift which they endowed the world with."

وصف المنحوتات

Taq-e Bostan and its rock reliefs comprise two big and small arches. They illustrate the crowning ceremonies of أردشير الأول وابنه شاپور الأول، شاپور الثاني وخسرو الثاني. They also depict the hunting scenes of Khosrau II.

حفل تنصيب شاپور الثاني

تتويج أردشير الثاني. أردشير الثاني يظهر في الوسط، متلقياً تاجاً من شاپور الثاني (إلى اليمين)، ومعه مثرا إلى اليسار. العدو الراقد هو على الأغلب الإمبراطور الروماني يوليان.

اللوحة المنقوشة يبلغ عرضها 4.07 متر وارتفاعها 3.9 متر.

شاپور الثاني وشاپور الثالث

The smaller arch or iwan (Taq-e Bustan II) has, on the upper part of the back wall, two Pahlavi inscriptions identifying two royal figures as Shapur II (Shapur the Great) and his son Shapur III. They are shown facing each other. The arch's vestibule measures 6 x 5 x 3.6 meters. It has been suggested as having been built during the reign of Shapur III and some put the date of its completion at 385 AD. However, the royal crown of Shapur III does not agree with those on his coins and is closer to that of his predecessor Ardashir II. It has been argued that the texts represent an usurpation of Ardashir's relief by Shapur III. The translation of the inscriptions follows:

نقش شاپور الثاني:

This is the figure of Mazda-worshipping Lord Shapur, the king of kings of Iran and Aniran, whose race is from the Gods. Son of Mazda-worshipping Lord Hormizd, the king of kings of Iran and Aniran, whose race is from the Gods, grandson of Lord Nersi, the Shahanshah (king of kings).

نقش شاپور الثالث:

This is the figure of Mazda-worshipping Lord Shapur, the king of kings of Iran and Aniran, whose race is from the Gods. Son of Mazda-worshipping Lord Shapur, the king of kings of Iran and Aniran, whose race is from the Gods, grandson of Lord Hormizd, the king of kings.

Speculative Historical reenactment of a Sassanid cataphract, complete with a full set of scale armour for the horse. The rider is covered by extensive mail armour, (photographed in Oxford, U.K.)

إيوان كسرى الثاني

Relief of a victorious Khosrow II mounted on his favorite horse, Shabdiz; Taq-i Bostan

The three figures on the back wall of the large iwan are usually considered to represent Khusrow II flanked by Ahura Mazda and Anahita.

منظر صيد الخنزير البري والغزال

Scene of boar hunting Khusrow II. The recurve bow used by the king is considered Hunnish.^[1]

There are two hunting scenes on each side of the ivan.

نقش دولت‌شاه

ونقفز 1300 سنة في عجلة الزمن، فنجد النقش العلوي يصوّر الحاكم القاجاري من القرن 19 في مدينة كرمنشاه، دولت‌شاه ينحت نقشاً بارزاً في قوس كبير.

[An old photo taken at Taq-e Bostan during late Qajar period

صور طاق بستان

Female musicians accompanying king during hunting
Capital of a Sasanian column in Taq-e Bostan complex with geometrical design
Head part of a column with figural decoration of a Sasanian king
Details from a Sassanid relief on the incoronation of Ardashir showing a defeated Julian.
relief of Fath Ali Shah, the Qajar king, added to the ancient complex in the 19th century.
Relief of Khusrow II
Relief of Elaheh (Angel)
Statue of Ardeshir II
Capital of Khusrow

معرض صور

مغارتا طاق بستان
تفصيلة لكائن مجنح على مدخل المغارة الرئيسية في طاق بستان.
شجرة الحياة
Capital of a Sasanian column in Taq-e Bostan complex with geometrical design
Head part of a column with figural decoration of a Sasanian king
Detail from a Sassanian relief on the incoronation of Ardashir showing a defeated Julian.
نقش بارز لـفتح علي شاه، الشاه القاجاري، أضاف في القرن 19، إلى المجمع القديم.

انظر أيضاً

وصلات خارجية

34°23′15″N 47°07′56″E / 34.387528546°N 47.1320956476°E / 34.387528546; 47.1320956476 (Taq-e Bostan, Kermanshah, Iran)

^ Nickel, Helmut. "About the Sword of the Huns and the "Urepos" of the Steppes" (PDF). The Metropolitan Journal. The Metropolitan Museum. 7 (1973): 131–134, note 3.

الكلمات الدالة:

[1] Nickel, Helmut. "About the Sword of the Huns and the "Urepos" of the Steppes" (PDF). The Metropolitan Journal. The Metropolitan Museum. 7 (1973): 131–134, note 3.

[1]