شبه الجزيرة العليا لمشيگن

Coordinates: 46°14′00″N 86°21′00″W / 46.23333°N 86.35000°W / 46.23333; -86.35000
"The UP" redirects here. For other uses, see Up (disambiguation).
Upper Peninsula
Michigan
The Lake of the Clouds in the Porcupine Mountains of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan
The Lake of the Clouds in the Porcupine Mountains of the Upper Peninsula of Michigan
الكنية: 
The UP
MichiganUpperPeninsula.svg
الإحداثيات: 46°14′00″N 86°21′00″W / 46.23333°N 86.35000°W / 46.23333; -86.35000
CountryUnited States
StateMichigan
المساحة
 • الإجمالي16٬377 ميل² (42٬420 كم²)
التعداد
 (2010)
 • الإجمالي311٬361
 • الكثافة19/sq mi (7٫3/km2)
منطقة التوقيت
most of the Upper PeninsulaUTC−05:00 (Eastern)
 • الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي)UTC−04:00 (EDT)
four counties bordering Wisconsin (Gogebic, Iron, Dickinson, and Menominee)UTC−06:00 (Central)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−05:00 (CDT)
مفتاح الهاتف906

The Upper Peninsula (UP), also known as Upper Michigan, is the northern of the two major peninsulas that make up the U.S. state of Michigan. The peninsula is bounded on the north by Lake Superior, on the east by the St. Marys River, and on the south by Lake Michigan, the Straits of Mackinac, and Lake Huron. Topographically, the base of the Upper Peninsula as a geologic feature lies in northeastern Wisconsin between the base of the Door Peninsula and Superior Bay; but in political geography, because most of the peninsula is within the boundaries of Michigan, it is measured eastward from the Porcupine Mountains, from the Wisconsin–Michigan boundary along and between the Montreal and Menominee rivers.

Michigan's Upper Peninsula is bounded on land by Wisconsin to the southwest and west; and in territorial waters by Minnesota to the west, Ontario to the west, north and east, and the Door Peninsula of Wisconsin extends into Lake Michigan east of the western Upper Peninsula. Five Michigan Upper Peninsula counties include nearby major islands: Mackinac Island, Round Island and Bois Blanc Island in Lake Huron are in Mackinac County; Sugar Island and Neebish Island in the St. Marys River, and Drummond Island in Lake Huron are in Chippewa County; Grand Island is in Alger County; Summer Island is Delta County; and Isle Royale is part of Keweenaw County.

The Upper Peninsula contains 29% of the land area of Michigan but just 3% of its total population. Residents are frequently called Yoopers (derived from "U.P.-ers") and have a strong regional identity. Large numbers of French Canadian, Finnish, Swedish, Cornish, and Italian immigrants came to the Upper Peninsula, especially the Keweenaw Peninsula, to work in the area's mines and lumber industry. The peninsula includes the only counties in the United States where a plurality of residents claim Finnish ancestry.[1]

The peninsula's largest cities are Marquette, Sault Ste. Marie, Escanaba, Menominee, Houghton, and Iron Mountain. The heavily forested land, soil types, short growing season and logistical factors (e.g. long distance to market, lack of infrastructure, etc.) make the Upper Peninsula poorly suited for agriculture. The economy is based primarily on logging and tourism; mineral mining - mainly iron, gold and copper - was a major industry during a "golden age" from 1890 to 1920.

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History

المقالة الرئيسية: Timeline of Michigan history and History of Michigan
The Upper Falls of the Tahquamenon River, near the northern shore of the peninsula


Smelter at Quincy Hill, Hancock, Michigan circa 1906


Geography

Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore
Lake Superior

الحياة البرية

Bald eagle in the Keweenaw Peninsula


Climate

A cabin in the U.P. after a snowfall

Time zones

Like the entire Lower Peninsula, most of the Upper Peninsula observes Eastern Time. However, the four counties bordering Wisconsin are in the Central Time zone.


Government

Upper Peninsula welcome sign
Counties in the Upper Peninsula

There are 15 counties in the Upper Peninsula.

State prisons are located in Baraga, Marquette, Munising, Newberry, Marenisco and Kincheloe.

Politics

2012 presidential election[2][3]
County Registered voters Votes cast Romney/Ryan Obama/Biden Result
Alger 4,671 4,618 2,330 2,212 REP
Baraga 3,540 3,490 1,866 1,574 REP
Chippewa 15,790 15,564 8,278 7,100 REP
Delta 18,968 18,050 9,534 8,330 REP
Dickinson 12,950 12,810 7,688 4,952 REP
Gogebic 7,689 7,576 3,444 4,058 DEM
Houghton 15,477 15,282 8,196 6,801 REP
Iron 6,065 5,988 3,224 2,687 REP
Keweenaw 1,411 1,392 774 582 REP
Luce 3,401 2,596 1,580 991 REP
Mackinac 6,170 6,099 3,397 2,652 REP
Marquette 32,551 32,194 13,606 18,115 DEM
Menominee 11,043 10,923 5,564 5,242 REP
Ontonagon 3,599 3,539 1,906 1,586 REP
Schoolcraft 4,104 4,048 2,142 1,865 REP
Total 147,429 144,168 73,529 70,639 REP

All counties in the U.P. are part of Michigan's 1st congressional district. Jack Bergman, a Republican, has been the U.S. Representative for this district since January 2017.

Upper Peninsula vote
by party in presidential elections [4]
Year REP DEM Others
2016[5] 56.40% 82,018 37.77% 54,923 5.83% 8,476
2012[6] 50.80% 73,529 47.49% 68,747 1.71% 2,477
2008[7] 46.12% 69,647 51.82% 78,257 2.06% 3,108
2004[8] 51.52% 78,276 47.31% 71,888 1.17% 1,781
2000[9] 50.61% 70,256 45.95% 63,791 3.43% 4,768

In Michigan's 2010 gubernatorial election Republican Rick Snyder carried every U.P. county but one, Gogebic, on his way to victory over his Democratic opponent, Virg Bernero.[10]

Proposed statehood

المقالة الرئيسية: Superior (proposed U.S. state)

Due to the geographic separation and perceived cultural and political differences from the Lower Peninsula, at various times there have been proposals for the Upper Peninsula to secede from Michigan as a 51st state named Superior, sometimes including portions of northern Wisconsin and/or the northern Lower Peninsula. Several prominent legislators, including the region's long-serving state representative Dominic Jacobetti, attempted unsuccessfully to gain passage of such a bill in the 1970s.[11] It would be the least populous state in the union, and as stronger connections to the rest of Michigan have developed since completion of the Mackinac Bridge in the 1950s, the proposal's future is unclear.[12]

Demographics

According to the 2010 census, 103,211 people live in the 12 towns of at least 4,000 people, covering 96.5 square miles (250 km2). A total of 116,548 people live in the 18 towns and villages of at least 2,000 people, which cover 108.5 square miles (281 km2)—less than 1% of the peninsula's land area.

Ruins found in the western Upper Peninsula
Population by census year of the Upper Peninsula by county
County 1830 1840 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Alger — — — — — — 1,238▲ 5,868▲ 7,675▲ 9,983▲ 9,327Decrease 10,167▲ 10,007Decrease 9,250Decrease 8,568Decrease 9,225▲ 8,972Decrease 9,862▲ 9,601Decrease
Baraga — — — — — 1,804▲ 3,036▲ 4,320▲ 6,125▲ 7,662▲ 9,168▲ 9,356▲ 8,037Decrease 7,151Decrease 7,789▲ 8,484▲ 7,954Decrease 8,735▲ 8,860▲
Chippewa 626▲ 534Decrease 898▲ 1,603▲ 1,689▲ 5,248▲ 12,018▲ 21,338▲ 24,472▲ 24,818▲ 25,047▲ 27,807▲ 29,206▲ 32,655▲ 32,412Decrease 29,029Decrease 34,604▲ 38,543▲ 38,520Decrease
Delta — — — 1,172▲ 2,542▲ 6,812▲ 15,330▲ 23,881▲ 30,108▲ 30,909▲ 32,280▲ 34,037▲ 32,913Decrease 34,298▲ 35,924▲ 38,947▲ 37,780Decrease 38,520▲ 37,069Decrease
Dickinson — — — — — — — 17,890▲ 20,524▲ 19,456Decrease 29,941▲ 28,731Decrease 24,844Decrease 23,917Decrease 23,753Decrease 25,341▲ 26,831▲ 27,427▲ 26,168Decrease
Gogebic — — — — — — 13,166▲ 16,738▲ 23,333▲ 33,225▲ 31,577Decrease 31,797▲ 27,053Decrease 24,370Decrease 20,676Decrease 19,686Decrease 18,052Decrease 17,370Decrease 16,427Decrease
Houghton — — 708▲ 9,234▲ 13,879▲ 22,473▲ 35,389▲ 66,063▲ 88,098▲ 71,930Decrease 52,851Decrease 47,631Decrease 39,771Decrease 34,654Decrease 34,652Decrease 37,872▲ 35,446Decrease 36,016▲ 36,628▲
Iron — — — — — — 4,432▲ 8,990▲ 15,164▲ 22,107▲ 20,805Decrease 20,243Decrease 17,692Decrease 17,184Decrease 13,813Decrease 13,635Decrease 13,175Decrease 13,138Decrease 11,817Decrease
Keweenaw — — — — 4,205▲ 4,270▲ 2,894Decrease 3,217▲ 7,156▲ 6,322Decrease 5,076Decrease 4,004Decrease 2,918Decrease 2,417Decrease 2,264Decrease 1,963Decrease 1,701Decrease 2,301▲ 2,156Decrease
Luce — — — — — — 2,455▲ 2,983▲ 4,004▲ 6,149▲ 6,528▲ 7,423▲ 8,147▲ 7,827Decrease 6,789Decrease 6,659Decrease 5,763Decrease 7,024▲ 6,631Decrease
Mackinac 877▲ 923▲ 3,598▲ 1,938Decrease 1,716Decrease 2,902▲ 7,830▲ 7,703Decrease 9,249▲ 8,026Decrease 8,783▲ 9,438▲ 9,287Decrease 10,853▲ 9,660Decrease 10,178▲ 10,674▲ 11,943▲ 11,113Decrease
Marquette — — 136▲ 2,821▲ 15,033▲ 25,394▲ 39,521▲ 41,239▲ 46,739▲ 45,786Decrease 44,076Decrease 47,144▲ 47,654▲ 56,154▲ 64,686▲ 74,101▲ 70,887Decrease 64,634Decrease 67,077▲
Menominee — — — — 1,791▲ 11,987▲ 33,639▲ 27,046Decrease 25,648Decrease 23,778Decrease 23,652Decrease 24,883▲ 25,299▲ 24,685Decrease 24,587Decrease 26,201▲ 24,920Decrease 25,109▲ 24,029Decrease
Ontonagon — — 389▲ 4,568▲ 2,845Decrease 2,565Decrease 3,756▲ 6,197▲ 8,650▲ 12,428▲ 11,114Decrease 11,359▲ 10,282Decrease 10,584▲ 10,548Decrease 9,861Decrease 8,854Decrease 7,818Decrease 6,780Decrease
Schoolcraft — — 16▲ 78▲ — 1,575▲ 5,818▲ 7,889▲ 8,681▲ 9,977▲ 8,451Decrease 9,524▲ 9,148Decrease 8,953Decrease 8,226Decrease 8,575▲ 8,302Decrease 8,903▲ 8,485Decrease
Total 1,503▲ 1,457Decrease 5,745▲ 21,414▲ 43,700▲ 85,030▲ 180,522▲ 261,362▲ 325,626▲ 332,556▲ 318,676Decrease 323,544▲ 302,258Decrease 304,952▲ 304,347Decrease 319,757▲ 313,915Decrease 317,213▲ 311,361Decrease


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Economy

Industries

The Quincy Mine near Hancock mined copper until 1945.

See also

Notes

References

  1. ^ Simon, James; Finney, Patricia (أغسطس 10–14, 2008). "Publication, Access and Preservation of Scandinavian Immigrant Press in North America" (PDF). Quebec: Center for Research Libraries. Retrieved أكتوبر 27, 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |last-author-amp= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
  2. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on فبراير 18, 2013. Retrieved يونيو 3, 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  3. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on مايو 18, 2013. Retrieved يونيو 3, 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  4. ^ "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". Retrieved ديسمبر 19, 2016.
  5. ^ "Election results". uselectionatlas.org. 2016.
  6. ^ "Election results". uselectionatlas.org. 2012.
  7. ^ "Election results". uselectionatlas.org. 2008.
  8. ^ "Election results". uselectionatlas.org. 2004.
  9. ^ "Election results". uselectionatlas.org. 2000.
  10. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on يناير 21, 2013. Retrieved يناير 3, 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  11. ^ "The Dominic J. Jacobetti Collection". Archived from the original on سبتمبر 7, 2006. Retrieved نوفمبر 6, 2006.
  12. ^ Hart, John; Jamieson, Bob (أغسطس 8, 1975). "Headline: 51st State". NBC Evening News. Retrieved نوفمبر 6, 2006. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |last-author-amp= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)
  13. ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة American Fact Finder, Census 2010
  14. ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة gazetteer

Further reading

External links

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Upper Peninsula.
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