سوبيبور، معسكر الاعتقال

Sobibor
Sobibor
Extermination camp
	Camp memorial: pyramid of sand mixed with human ashes; ; ; Location of Sobibór (right of centre) on the map of German extermination camps marked with black and white skulls. Poland's borders before the Second World War
	Sobibór Location of Sobibor in Poland today
الإحداثيات	51°26′50″N 23°35′37″E / 51.44722°N 23.59361°E
أسماء أخرى	SS-Sonderkommando Sobibor
الشهرة	Genocide during the Holocaust
الموقع	Near Sobibór, General Government (occupied Poland)
بناه	Richard Thomalla (camp); Erwin Lambert (gas chambers);
القائد	Franz Stangl (28 April 1942 – 30 August 1942); Franz Reichleitner (1 September 1942 – 17 October 1943);
الاستخدام الأصلي	Extermination camp
بدأ الإنشاء	March 1942 – May 1942
وضع التشغيل	16 May 1942 – 14 October 1943
عدد غرف الغاز	; 3 (expanded to 6)
المساجين	Jews mainly from Poland, but also from France, Germany, the Netherlands, Czechoslovakia and the Soviet Union (including POWs)
عدد المساجين	Est. 600–650 slave labour at any given time
قتلى	Est. min. 200,000–250,000
مساجين بارزون	Joseph Serchuk, Dov Freiberg, Alexander Pechersky

"Sobibor" redirects here. For other uses, see Sobibor (disambiguation).

Sobibor ( /soʊˈbiːbɔːr/) was a Nazi German extermination camp built and operated by the SS during World War II near the railway station of Sobibór near Włodawa within the semi-colonial territory of General Government in occupied Poland.

The camp was part of the secretive Operation Reinhard, the deadliest phase of the Holocaust in Poland. Jews from Poland, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Czechoslovakia, and the Soviet Union (including Jewish-Soviet POWs),^[3]^[4]^[5] were transported to the camp by rail. Most were suffocated in gas chambers fed by the exhaust of a large petrol engine.^[6]

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انظر أيضاً

Notes

^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة Arad373
^ Lest we forget (14 March 2004), ""Extermination camp Sobibor"". Archived from the original on 7 مارس 2005. Retrieved 7 مارس 2005. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help) The Holocaust. Retrieved on 17 May 2013.
^ Philip "Fiszel" Bialowitz, Joseph Bialowitz, A Promise at Sobibór: A Jewish Boy’s Story of Revolt and Survival in Nazi-Occupied Poland, University of Wisconsin Press, 2010 .105
^ Thomas Toivi Blatt, From the Ashes of Sobibor: A Story of Survival, Northwestern University Press, 1997 p.131.
^ Alan J. Levine,Captivity, Flight, and Survival in World War II, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2000 p.205.
^ Schelvis 2007, p. 100: Testimony of SS-Scharführer Erich Fuchs about his own installation of the (at least) 200 HP, V-shaped, 8 cylinder, water-cooled petrol engine at Sobibor.

References

Krzysztof Bielawski (pl) (2010) (in Polish), Obóz zagłady w Sobiborze, Warsaw: Virtual Shtetl, Museum of the History of Polish Jews, 1 of 3, http://www.sztetl.org.pl/pl/article/sobibor/13,miejsca-martyrologii/10546,oboz-zaglady-w-sobiborze/, retrieved on 16 June 2016
Jakub Chmielewski (2014) (in Polish), Obóz zagłady w Sobiborze, Lublin: Ośrodek Brama Grodzka, Pamięć Miejsca, http://tnn.pl/pm,2605.html, retrieved on 25 September 2014
Sobibor Museum (2014), Historia obozu, Dr. Krzysztof Skwirowski, Majdanek State Museum, Branch in Sobibór (Państwowe Muzeum na Majdanku, Oddział: Muzeum Byłego Obozu Zagłady w Sobiborze), Archived from the original on 7 May 2013, https://web.archive.org/web/20130507010342/http://www.sobibor-memorial.eu/articles.php?acid=270, retrieved on 25 September 2014
Arad, Yitzhak (1987). Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka. The Operation Reinhard Death Camps. Indiana University Press. ISBN 0253213053. Amazon Kindle, also in: Google Books, Snippet view, digitized from U. of Michigan, 2008. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Bialowitz, Philip; Bialowitz, Joseph (2010). A Promise at Sobibor: A Jewish Boy's Story of Revolt and Survival in Nazi Occupied Poland. University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 978-0-299-24800-0. With Foreword by Władysław Bartoszewski. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Blatt, Thomas (1997). From the Ashes of Sobibor. Northwestern University Press. ISBN 0810113023 – via Google Books preview. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Freiberg, Dov (2007), To Survive Sobibor, Gefen Publishing House. ISBN 978-965-229-388-6
Lev, Michael (2007), Sobibor, Gefen Publishing House. ISBN 978-965-229-408-1
Novitch, Miriam (1980). Sobibor, Martyrdom and Revolt: Documents and Testimonies. ISBN 0-89604-016-X. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Schelvis, Jules (2014) [2007]. Sobibor: A History of a Nazi Death Camp. Translated by Dixon, Karin. Berg Publishers (2007), Bloomsbury Publishing, 2014. ISBN 1472589068 – via Google Books, preview. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Sereny, Gitta (1974). Into That Darkness: from Mercy Killing to Mass Murder. ISBN 0-07-056290-3. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
Gilead, Isaac; Haimi, Yoram; Mazurek, Wojciech (2009), Excavating Nazi Extermination Centres. Present Pasts, Vol 1. Published by Ubiquity Press, ISSN 1759-2941
Zielinski, Andrew (2003), "Conversations with Regina", Zedartz – Hyde Park Press Adelaide. ISBN 0-9750766-0-4

وصلات خارجية

Sobibor on the Yad Vashem website
SOBIBOR at United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
The Sobibor Death Camp at HolocaustResearchProject.org
Sobibor Archaeological Project at Israel Hayom
Archaeological Excavations at Sobibór Extermination Site
Survivor Thomas Blatt, 18-minute audio interview by WMRA
International archeological research in the area of the former German-Nazi extermination camp in Sobibór.
Onderzoek – Vernietigingskamp Sobibor (records of testimonies, transportation lists and other documents, from the archives of the NIOD Instituut voor Oorlogs-, Holocaust- en Genocidestudies, Netherlands)
Archaeological Excavations at Sobibór Extermination Site, at Yad Vashem website

قالب:Sobibór extermination camp قالب:Holocaust Poland

[Arad373-1] خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة Arad373

[Vanderwerff-2] Lest we forget (14 March 2004), ""Extermination camp Sobibor"". Archived from the original on 7 مارس 2005. Retrieved 7 مارس 2005. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help) The Holocaust. Retrieved on 17 May 2013.

[3] Philip "Fiszel" Bialowitz, Joseph Bialowitz, A Promise at Sobibór: A Jewish Boy’s Story of Revolt and Survival in Nazi-Occupied Poland, University of Wisconsin Press, 2010 .105

[4] Thomas Toivi Blatt, From the Ashes of Sobibor: A Story of Survival, Northwestern University Press, 1997 p.131.

[5] Alan J. Levine,Captivity, Flight, and Survival in World War II, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2000 p.205.

[Schelvis100-6] Schelvis 2007, p. 100: Testimony of SS-Scharführer Erich Fuchs about his own installation of the (at least) 200 HP, V-shaped, 8 cylinder, water-cooled petrol engine at Sobibor.

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