سان-نازير

سان-نازير

Saint-Nazaire
سان-نازير Saint-Nazaire
Subprefecture and commune
	جسر مندان
	Flag Coat of arms
	Location of سان-نازير
	سان-نازير سان-نازير
	الإحداثيات: 47°16′50″N 2°12′31″W / 47.2806°N 2.2086°W
البلد	فرنسا
المنطقة	بلاد اللوار
الإقليم	اللوار الأطلسي (إقليم فرنسي)
الدائرة	Saint-Nazaire
الكانتون	Saint-Nazaire-1 و 2
الحكومة
• العمدة (2001–2008)	Joël-Guy Batteux
المساحة 1	46٫79 كم² (18٫07 ميل²)
التعداد (2006)	71٬373
• الكثافة	1٬500/km2 (4٬000/sq mi)
منطقة التوقيت	UTC+01:00 (CET)
• الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي)	UTC+02:00 (CEST)
INSEE/الرمز البريدي	44184 /44600
المنسوب	0–47 m (0–154 ft) ; (avg. 6 m or 20 ft)
	1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

سان-نازير (Saint-Nazaire ؛ النطق الفرنسي: [sɛ̃.na.zɛʁ]; بريتونية: Sant-Nazer/Señ Neñseir; Gallo: Saint-Nazère/Saint-Nazaer) هو commune في إقليم اللوار الأطلسي في غرب فرنسا، في بريتاني التقليدية.

The town has a major harbour on the right bank of the Loire River estuary, near the Atlantic Ocean. The town is at the south of the second-largest swamp in France, called "la Brière". Given its location, Saint-Nazaire has a long tradition of fishing and shipbuilding. The Chantiers de l'Atlantique, one of the largest shipyards in the world, has constructed notable superliners such as إس‌إس Normandie, إس‌إس France, RMS Queen Mary 2 and إم‌إس Symphony of the Seas, the largest passenger ship in the world اعتبارا من 2018^[تحديث].

Saint-Nazaire was a small village until the industrial area but became a large town in the second half of the 19th century, thanks to the construction of railways and the growth of the seaport. Saint-Nazaire progressively replaced Nantes as the main haven on the Loire estuary. The town was one of the most damaged in France during World War II. As a major submarine base for the Germans, Saint-Nazaire was subject to a British raid in 1942 and it was heavily bombed by the Allies until 1945. Being one of the Atlantic pockets, Saint-Nazaire was one of the last territories in Europe to be liberated from the Germans, on 11 May 1945.

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الديمغرافيا

تاريخ التعداد
(Source: Cassini^[1])

1793	1800	1806	1820	1821	1831	1836	1841	1846	1851
3 381	3 316	3 303	-	3 204	3 789	-	3 771	4 145	5 318

1856	1861	1866	1872	1876	1881	1886	1891	1896
5 743	10 845	18 896	17 066	18 300	19 626	25 575	30 935	30 813

1901	1906	1911	1921	1926	1931	1936	1946	1954
35 813	35 762	38 267	41 631	39 411	40 488	43 281	11 802	39 350

1962	1968	1975	1982	1990	1999	2004	2005	2006
58 286	63 289	69 251	68 348	64 812	65 874	68 838	68 200	71 373
لتعدادات 1962 إلى 1999 الأرقام الرسمية تناظر أرقام without duplicates according to the INSEE.

لغة البريتون

In 2008, 0.41% of the children attended bilingual primary schools.^[2]

التاريخ

غارة سان نازير

Map of the port in 1942

البلدات التوأم والمدن الشقيقة

Saint-Nazaire is twinned with:

Avilés, Spain
Kribi, Cameroon
Laayoune, Morocco
Peillac
Saint-Hubert, Canada – since 1991
Sarrelouis, (Germany) – since 1969
City of Sunderland, England – since 1 May 1953^[3]
Haikou, China^[4]

It has also cooperation agreements with:

Cienfuegos, Cuba, since 1996

References

INSEE commune file

^ http://cassini.ehess.fr/ Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui
^ (بالفرنسية) Ofis ar Brezhoneg: Enseignement bilingue
^ "Britilh towns twinned with French towns [via WaybackMachine.com]". Archant Community Media Ltd. Archived from the original on 5 July 2013. Retrieved 20 July 2013.
^ P.C., Net. "Gdynia – International Gdynia – International co-operation of Gdynia". gdynia.pl. Archived from the original on 19 October 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

Perrett, Bryan (2003). For Valour: Victoria Cross and Medal of Honor Battles. Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London. ISBN 0-297-84662-0
Braeuer, Luc, L’incroyable histoire de la poche de Saint-Nazaire, Batz-Sur-Mer 2003.
Guériff, Fernand. Saint-Nazaire sous l'occupation allemande: le Commando, la Poche. Éditions du Paludier (In French)
Moret Henri, Histoire de Saint-Nazaire et de la région environnante, Bruxelles, 1977 (In French)
Barbance Marthe, Saint-Nazaire : la Ville, le Port, le Travail, Marseille, 1979 (In French)

وصلات خارجية

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for سان-نازير.

قالب:Loire-Atlantique communes

[1] ttp://cassini.ehess.fr/ Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui

[2] (بالفرنسية) Ofis ar Brezhoneg: Enseignement bilingue

[Archant_twinning_3-3] "Britilh towns twinned with French towns [via WaybackMachine.com]". Archant Community Media Ltd. Archived from the original on 5 July 2013. Retrieved 20 July 2013.

[twinnings-4] P.C., Net. "Gdynia – International Gdynia – International co-operation of Gdynia". gdynia.pl. Archived from the original on 19 October 2016. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)

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