ساليخارد Salekhard

Coordinates: 66°32′N 66°36′E / 66.533°N 66.600°E / 66.533; 66.600

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Salekhard
Салехард
Town[1]
Polar circle monument in Salekhard
Polar circle monument in Salekhard
علم Salekhard
Flag
درع Salekhard
Coat of arms
Location of Salekhard
Salekhard is located in روسيا
Salekhard
Salekhard
Location of Salekhard
الإحداثيات: 66°32′N 66°36′E / 66.533°N 66.600°E / 66.533; 66.600
البلدروسيا
الكيان الاتحاديYamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug[1]
Founded1595
Town status since1938
الحكومة
 • MayorAlexey Titovsky
المساحة
 • الإجمالي84٫50 كم² (32٫63 ميل²)
المنسوب
15 m (49 ft)
التعداد
 (2010 Census)[2]
 • الإجمالي42٬544
 • Estimate 
(2018)
49 214
 • الكثافة500/km2 (1٬300/sq mi)
 • Subordinated totown of okrug significance of Salekhard[1]
 • Capital ofYamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug[1], town of okrug significance of Salekhard[1]
 • Urban okrugSalekhard Urban Okrug[3]
 • Capital ofSalekhard Urban Okrug[3]
منطقة التوقيتUTC+ ([4])
Postal code(s)[5]
629000
Dialing code(s)+7 34922[6]
OKTMO ID71951000001
الموقع الإلكترونيwww.salekhard.org

Salekhard (روسية: Салеха́рд ru; Khanty: Пуӆңават, Pułñawat; Nenets: Саляʼ харад, Saljaꜧ harad, formerly Obdorsk) is a town and the administrative centre of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Russia. The town lies on the Arctic Circle, with the town centre being about 1 kilometer (0.62 mi) south and suburbs stretching to the north of the circle. The population is 47٬910 (تعداد 2021)[7].

التاريخ

The settlement of Obdorsk (Обдорск) was founded in 1595, in the place of a Khanty settlement called Polnovat-Vozh (Полноват-вож), by Russian settlers after the conquest of Siberia.[بحاجة لمصدر] It was situated on the Ob River, and its name supposedly derives from that. The land around Obdorsk was referred to as Obdorsky krai, or Obdoriya.

The town was often used as a place of exile during the Tsarist and Soviet periods. Among notable people who spent time here were the Doukhobor spiritual leader Pyotr Verigin and Leon Trotsky. The town and nearby area contained three Soviet camps where approximately 6,500 prisoners were held, arrested for their belief in God.[8] At the port of Salekhard, approximately 1,500 prisoners were used as slave labor, loading and unloading goods at the dock, or mining metal ore. About 5,000 prisoners in two camps near Salekhard were forced to polish diamonds mined from Mir mine.[بحاجة لمصدر]

The nearest railway station is at Labytnangi on the opposite side of the river Ob. From 1949 to 1953, the Salekhard-Igarka Railway project made an unsuccessful attempt to extend the line to Igarka, claiming the lives of thousands of Gulag prisoners.[9] The section of railway from Salekhard to Nadym was completed and remained in use for some time in the Soviet era, although it was later abandoned. It is currently[when?] being rebuilt, along with a long-awaited bridge across the Ob between Labytnangi and Salekhard.[بحاجة لمصدر]

Salekhard was the host city for the 2006 Arctic Council Ministerial Meeting in October 2006.[10]

In April 2014, Rostelecom, a Russian Internet service provider, completed the final stretch of the Nadym-Salekhard optical Internet line, which stretches for almost 3,500 kilometres (2,200 mi).[11]

In the Summer of 2016, temperatures as high as 95 °F (35 °C) thawed anthrax-infected corpses that had been frozen since the soviet era near Salekhard, causing anthrax spores to infect reindeer herds and herders.[12]


Administrative and municipal status

Administrative unit of Salekhard

Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with one rural locality, incorporated as the town of okrug significance of Salekhard—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[1] As a municipal division, the town of okrug significance of Salekhard is incorporated as Salekhard Urban Okrug.[3]

السكان

As of 2021, the ethnic composition of Salekhard was:[13]

  • Russians – 66.3%
  • Tatars – 7.1%
  • Khanty – 3.8%
  • Ukrainians – 3.7%
  • Nenets – 3.7%
  • Komi – 2.0%
  • Kyrgyz – 1.4%
  • Others – 12%
    Historical population
    YearPop.±%
    18971٬249—    
    19261٬872+49.9%
    193912٬764+581.8%
    195916٬567+29.8%
    197021٬929+32.4%
    197924٬935+13.7%
    198932٬334+29.7%
    200236٬827+13.9%
    201042٬544+15.5%
    202147٬910+12.6%
    Source: Census data


الاقتصاد

  • Sterh Supermarket

    Sterh Supermarket

  • Building of the representative office of Gazprom

    Building of the representative office of Gazprom

  • Gifts of Yamal Supermarket

    Gifts of Yamal Supermarket

  • Headquarters of Yamalneftegaz

    Headquarters of Yamalneftegaz

  • Sezam Shopping center

    Sezam Shopping center

  • Yamal Airlines Headquarters

    Yamal Airlines Headquarters

  • Oil depot

    Oil depot

  • Sarmik Fishing and hunting shop

    Sarmik Fishing and hunting shop

Yamal Airlines has its head office in Salekhard.[14] Most of residents are employed in reindeer herding, fishing and the services sector.[15]

By 2015, about 3 kilometres (1.9 miles) from the airport, near the Arctic Circle, authorities plan to build a large polar resort "Center of the Arctic tourism".[بحاجة لمصدر]

النقل

Salekhard is located in the Ob river valley and is an important river port of the Russian Far North. The unfinished Salekhard–Igarka Railway was set to provide a rail connection between the Ob river port of Salekhard and the Yenisei river port of Igarka. Currently, the nearest railway is at Labytnangi, 20 kilometres (12 mi) northwest on the opposite side of the river Ob. The project Northern Latitudinal Railway will provide Salekhard access to Russian railway and will further connect Salekhard to the Konosha–Vorkuta railway and other parts of European Russia.[16] The Salekhard Bridge project, a combined railway-road bridge over Ob river, is the main component of Northern Latitudinal Railway that will connect Labytnangi and Salekhard is to be constructed with the cost of 60 billion rubles.[17] Nadym–Salekhard road, a 344 km long road, was inaugurated in December 2020 to the 90th anniversary of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug,[18] it will facilate the construction of a railway between the two cities and connects the eastern and western parts of Yamal Okrug.[19][20] For 9–10 months each year, the Ob river is frozen and cars and trucks can drive across the river ice. In the summer a ferry operates, however during the floating of ice, generally shortly before the start and shortly after the end of summer, Salekhard is effectively isolated from the outside world, regarding freight. During these periods, only helicopters are able to reach Salekhard in case of emergency. Native people, mainly the Nenets and Khanty people, always build up stocks of food at home, in the shops, and in the markets during this period, but they still suffer from seasonal inflation. The city is also served by the Salekhard Airport, which is 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) north of the main city.

Climate

Salekhard has a subarctic climate (Köppen climate classification Dfc) with short, mild summers and severely cold winters. Precipitation is moderate, and is significantly greater in summer than in winter.

أخفClimate data for Salekhard (1991–2020, extremes 1882–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 3.5
(38.3) 		3.3
(37.9) 		7.3
(45.1) 		15.5
(59.9) 		28.4
(83.1) 		31.6
(88.9) 		32.9
(91.2) 		30.4
(86.7) 		24.8
(76.6) 		18.2
(64.8) 		7.0
(44.6) 		4.1
(39.4) 		32.9
(91.2)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −18.8
(−1.8) 		−17.7
(0.1) 		−9.2
(15.4) 		−2.3
(27.9) 		4.7
(40.5) 		15.2
(59.4) 		20.0
(68.0) 		15.9
(60.6) 		9.3
(48.7) 		0.2
(32.4) 		−10.5
(13.1) 		−15.6
(3.9) 		−0.7
(30.7)
Daily mean °C (°F) −23.1
(−9.6) 		−22
(−8) 		−14.2
(6.4) 		−7.3
(18.9) 		0.4
(32.7) 		10.3
(50.5) 		15.0
(59.0) 		11.6
(52.9) 		5.7
(42.3) 		−2.7
(27.1) 		−14.5
(5.9) 		−19.9
(−3.8) 		−5.1
(22.8)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −27.7
(−17.9) 		−26.6
(−15.9) 		−19.3
(−2.7) 		−12.1
(10.2) 		−3.5
(25.7) 		5.8
(42.4) 		9.9
(49.8) 		7.3
(45.1) 		2.4
(36.3) 		−5.8
(21.6) 		−18.9
(−2.0) 		−24.3
(−11.7) 		−9.4
(15.1)
Record low °C (°F) −51.9
(−61.4) 		−53.7
(−64.7) 		−47.4
(−53.3) 		−38.7
(−37.7) 		−30.8
(−23.4) 		−11
(12) 		−1
(30) 		−5.5
(22.1) 		−10
(14) 		−35.7
(−32.3) 		−47.1
(−52.8) 		−51.5
(−60.7) 		−53.7
(−64.7)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 24
(0.9) 		21
(0.8) 		23
(0.9) 		28
(1.1) 		44
(1.7) 		57
(2.2) 		61
(2.4) 		67
(2.6) 		46
(1.8) 		48
(1.9) 		31
(1.2) 		26
(1.0) 		476
(18.7)
Average extreme snow depth cm (inches) 36
(14) 		40
(16) 		45
(18) 		36
(14) 		17
(6.7) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		5
(2.0) 		20
(7.9) 		30
(12) 		45
(18)
Average rainy days 0 0 1 3 10 17 18 20 20 9 1 0 99
Average snowy days 26 25 23 18 17 4 0.03 0.2 5 21 25 27 191
Average relative humidity (%) 83 82 81 78 77 70 72 79 82 86 85 83 80
Mean monthly sunshine hours 4 48 135 209 233 270 307 185 96 57 18 0 1٬562
Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net[21]
Source 2: NOAA (sun only, 1961-1990)[22]


Gallery

  • Mammoth monument in Salekhard

    Mammoth monument in Salekhard

  • Mammoth monument

    Mammoth monument

  • Reindeer monument in Salekhard

    Reindeer monument in Salekhard

  • Mosque in Salekhard

    Mosque in Salekhard

  • Ice Palace of Salekhard

    Ice Palace of Salekhard

  • Polyaris Entertainment center

    Polyaris Entertainment center

  • Wedding Palace

    Wedding Palace

  • Northern outskirts of Salekhard

    Northern outskirts of Salekhard

  • "Craftsmen Village"

    "Craftsmen Village"

  • Arctic Hotel

    Arctic Hotel

  • Students sports complex

    Students sports complex

International relations

انظر أيضاً: List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia

Twin Town & Sister City

Salekhard is twinned with:

Notable people

See also

References

Notes

  1. ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح Law #42-ZAO
  2. ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1". Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved يونيو 29, 2012. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  3. ^ أ ب ت Law #26-ZAO
  4. ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). يونيو 3, 2011. Retrieved يناير 19, 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  5. ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in روسية)
  6. ^ Телефонные коды городов (in Russian). Retrieved 2010-09-24.
  7. ^ invalid reference parameter
  8. ^ Thomas, George. "Stalin's 'Railroad of Death' Witnesses Revival". CBN News. Retrieved مايو 27, 2013.
  9. ^ Gonzales, Daria (يونيو 7, 2012). "A living city among dead roads". RBTH. Retrieved يوليو 9, 2015.
  10. ^ "Arctic Council Salekhard Ministerial Declaration". أكتوبر 2006.
  11. ^ "Rostelecom to expand network in Yamal". www.telecompaper.com (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved فبراير 23, 2018.
  12. ^ Alec Luhn (أغسطس 1, 2016). "Anthrax outbreak triggered by climate change kills boy in Arctic Circle Seventy-two nomadic herders, including 41 children, were hospitalised in far north Russia after the region began experiencing abnormally high temperatures". The Guardian. Retrieved أغسطس 4, 2016.
  13. ^ "Национальный состав населения в муниципальных образованиях". Rosstat. Retrieved يوليو 7, 2023.
  14. ^ Yamal Airlines. Retrieved on February 27, 2012.
  15. ^ "What is life like in the world's only city built on the Arctic Circle?". فبراير 2, 2021.
  16. ^ Ямальская дорога в зеркале мнений — Парламентская газета «Тюменские известия». old.t-i.ru.
  17. ^ "С крымского моста – на Ямал: строительство Северного широтного хода".
  18. ^ "Дорогу Надым – Салехард официально откроют 9 декабря". نوفمبر 20, 2020.
  19. ^ "На Ямале открылся круглогодичный проезд по дороге Надым — Салехард". ديسمبر 10, 2020.
  20. ^ "New Arctic Road Connects East & West Yamal in Asian Russia". ديسمبر 18, 2020.
  21. ^ "Pogoda.ru.net - Climate Data for Salekhard" (in الروسية). Retrieved نوفمبر 8, 2021.
  22. ^ "Salekhard Climate Normals 1961-1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved نوفمبر 7, 2021.

Sources

وصلات خارجية

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