سالت شتراومن

Coordinates: 67°14′N 14°37′E / 67.233°N 14.617°E / 67.233; 14.617
سالت شتراومن
Saltstraumen.jpg
Saltstraumen maelstrom
سالت شتراومن is located in Norway
سالت شتراومن
سالت شتراومن
الموقعمضيق
الاحداثيات67°13′50″N 14°37′50″E / 67.23056°N 14.63056°E / 67.23056; 14.63056
النوعدوامة مائية
أقصى طول2.2 km (1.4 mi)

سالت شتراومن Saltstraumen هو مضيق صغير فيه أحد أقوى التيارات المدية في العالم. It is located in the municipality of Bodø in Nordland county, Norway. It is located about 10 km (6.2 mi) southeast of the town of Bodø. The narrow channel connects the outer Saltfjorden to the large Skjerstad Fjord between the islands of Straumøya and Knaplundsøya. The Saltstraumen Bridge on Norwegian County Road 17 crosses Saltstraumen.[1]

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التيار

Saltstraumen current churning up phytoplankton blooms في صورة ساتلية من ناسا
Saltstraumen and the Saltstraumen Bridge with the Børvasstindene mountains في الخلفية

Saltstraumen has one of the strongest tidal currents in the world.[2][3] Up to 400 million cubic metres (110 billion US gallons) of seawater[4] forces its way through a 3 km (1.9 mi) long and 150 m (490 ft) wide strait every six hours.[5] Vortices known as whirlpools or maelstroms up to 10 m (33 ft) in diameter and 5 m (16 ft) in depth are formed when the current is at its strongest. At this point, one source claims that the tidal current can reach 40 km/h (25 mph).[6]

Saltstraumen has existed for about two to three thousand years. Before that, the area was different due to post-glacial rebound. The current is created when the tide tries to fill Skjerstad Fjord. The height difference between the sea level and the fjord inside can be up to 1 m (3 ft 3 in). When the current turns, there is a period when the strait is navigable.[3]

The above account of the Saltstraumen is rather different than what The Norwegian Pilot reports.[7] The Pilot’s description of the normal current is based on the time of the high tide at Bodø. The greatest southbound current occurs about one and a quarter hours before Bodø high tide, when the inflowing current reaches about 7 knots (13 kilometres per hour). The speed of the current has a broad maximum being greater than 6 kn (11 km/h) from three hours before Bodø high tide until half an hour after Bodø high tide. The greatest northbound current occurs about four and a half hours after Bodø high tide, when the outflowing current reaches over 8 kn (15 km/h). The speed of this current also has a broad maximum being above six knots from two hours and forty minutes after Bodø high tide until five and a half hours before the next Bodø high tide. The behavior of the current may differ from normal due to strong winds or when more fresh water than usual is entering into the fjord from the surrounding mountains.


صيد الأسماك

Saltstraumen is popular with anglers, due to its abundance of fish such as saithe, cod, wolffish, rose fish, and halibut. Coalfish is a specialty of the area. The largest documented coalfish of 22.7 kg (50 lb) was caught in Saltstraumen on a fishing rod.[8]

Eiders are the only birds capable of diving for mussels in the strong stream.[9][10]

الاسم

The first element is the name of the district Salten and the last element is the definite form of straum, meaning "stream" or "water flow".

انظر أيضاً: Moskstraumen

التاريخ

The remains of a 10,000-year-old hunter settlement in the area are the oldest known traces of human settlement in Bodø, and also one of the oldest archaeological discoveries in Norway. These hunters lived on the edge of the ice, attracted by the abundance of fish caused by the strong currents.

معرض صور

جسر سالت شتراوم في ليلة بمنتصف الصيف، يوليو 2009

  • Saltstraumen churning, February 2011.

  • سالت شتراومن 1837.

    سالت شتراومن 1837.

  • كنيسة سالت شتراومن

    كنيسة سالت شتراومن

انظر أيضاً

المراجع

  1. ^ Store norske leksikon (Large Norwegian encyclopedia). "Saltstraumen" (in Norwegian). Retrieved 2012-03-12.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  2. ^ "Er Saltstraumen egentlig verdens sterkeste tidevannsstrøm?" (بالإنجليزية: Is Saltstraumen really the worlds strongest tidal current?), from NRK (www.nrk.no), 7 May 2016, Accessed 17 January 2021
  3. ^ أ ب Doyle, James (1 March 2012). A Young Scientist's Guide to Defying Disasters. Gibbs Smith. p. 15. ISBN 978-1-4236-2441-7.
  4. ^ Michelin Travel Publications (Firm) (2001). Scandinavia – Finland. Michelin Travel Publications. p. 201. ISBN 978-2-06-000140-1. Retrieved 25 May 2016.
  5. ^ The Rough Guide to Scandinavia. Rough Guides. 2004. p. 355. ISBN 9781843536055. Retrieved 17 January 2021.
  6. ^ Compton, Nic (28 July 2013). Why Sailors Can't Swim and Other Marvellous Maritime Curiosities. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 78–79. ISBN 978-1-4081-9263-4.
  7. ^ Den norske los, Bind 5, PDF Versjon 6.4, page 1434.
  8. ^ "Saltstraumen, the strongest maelstrom in the world!". Bodo Turistinformasjon. Retrieved 2009-06-20.
  9. ^ Helness, Ola (24 January 2021). "BBC med unike undervannsbilder fra Saltstraumen". NRK (in النرويجية بوكمال). Archived from the original on 24 January 2021.
  10. ^ "Saltstraumen minutt for minutt". NRK (in النرويجية بوكمال).

وصلات خارجية

67°14′N 14°37′E / 67.233°N 14.617°E / 67.233; 14.617

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