ساڤا
ساڤا Sava | |
River | |
البلدان | سلوڤنيا, كرواتيا, البوسنة والهرسك, صربيا |
---|---|
الروافد | |
- يسار | ساڤينيا, سولتا, كراپينا, لونيا, إيلوڤا-تربيز, اورلياڤا, بوسوت |
- يمين | ليوبليانيكا, كركا, كوپا, أونا, ڤرباس, أوكرينا, بوسنة, تينيا, درينا, كولوبارا |
المدن | كراني, ليوبليانا, زغرب, سيساك, سلاساڤاونسكي برود, برچكو, سرمسكا ميتروڤيكا, شاباك, اوبرسنوڤاك, بلگراد |
Source | زلنكي |
- الموقع | كرانيسكا گورا، سلوڤنيا |
- elevation | 833 m (2,733 ft) |
- coordinates | 46°29′31″N 13°44′16″E / 46.49194°N 13.73778°E |
المصب | الدانوب |
- الموقع | بلگراد، صربيا |
- الارتفاع | 68 m (223 ft) |
- الاحداثيات | 44°49′27″N 20°26′38″E / 44.82417°N 20.44389°E |
الطول | 990 km (615 mi) a |
الحوض | 97,713.2 km2 (37,727 sq mi) |
التدفق | for مصب النهر |
- المتوسط | 1,564 m3/s (55,232 cu ft/s) |
خريطة مستجمع ساڤا.
| |
a يشمل منبع ساڤا دولينكا بطول 45 كم. |
ساڤا Sava (تُنطق [ˈsaːva])، هو نهر في جنوب شرق أوروپا، رافد على الضفة اليمنى للدانوب. يجري عبر سلوڤنيا، كرواتيا، على إمتداد الحدود الشمالية للبوسنة والهرسك، عبر صربيا، حيث يصب في الدانوب في بلگراد. المنطقة المركزية للنهر تشكل حدود طبيعية للبوسنة والهرسك وكرواتيا. يشكل ساڤا الحدود الشمالية لشبه جزيرة البلقان، والحافة الجنوبية للسهل الپانوني.
يمتد ساڤا بطول 990 كم، تشمل منبع ساڤا دولينكا بطول 45 كم الذي ينبع من زلنكي، سلوڤنيا. وهو أكبر روافد الدانوب من حيث حجم المياه، وثاني أكبر الروافد بعد تسيزا من حيث مساحة المستجمعات والتي تبلغ 97.713 كم²، ومن حيث الطول. يصرف النهر كمية كبيرة من مياهه في منطقة الألپ الديناري، عن طريق روافده الرئيسية درينا، بوسنة، كوپا، أونا، ڤرباس، لونيا، كولوبارا، بوسوت وكركا. ساڤا هو واحد من أطول أنهار أوروپا، ومن بين عدد قليل من الأنهار الأوروپية التي لا تصرف مياهها مباشرة في البحر.
يقدر عدد سكان حوض نهر ساڤا بحوالي 8.176.000 نسمة، وهو يصل بين العواصم الوطنية الثلاثة - ليوبليانا، زغرب وبلگراد. النهر يصلح لملاحة السفن الكبير التي تحتشد في نهر كوپا في سيساك، كرواتيا، حوالي ثلثي طوله.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
المنابع
مسار النهر
من المنبع حتى سوتلا
من ستولا حتى أونا
من أونا إلى درينا
من درينا إلى الدانوب
المستوطنات
المناطق الحضرية الأكثر إكتظاظاً بالسكان على نهر ساڤا | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
الترتيب | المدينة | البلد | سكان الحضر | سكان البلديات | ||||||
1 | بلگراد | صربيا | 1,233,350 | 1,659,440 | ||||||
2 | زغرب | كرواتيا | 688,163 | 1,110,517 | ||||||
3 | ليوبليانا | سلوڤنيا | 258,873 | 265,881 | ||||||
4 | سلڤونسكي برود | كرواتيا | 53,473 | 59,507 | ||||||
5 | شاباك | صربيا | 52,822 | 115,347 | ||||||
6 | برچكو | البوسنة | 40,000 | 85,000 | ||||||
7 | صرمسكا متروڤتشا | صربيا | 37,586 | 79,773 | ||||||
8 | كراني | سلوڤنيا | 35,587 | 51,225 | ||||||
9 | سيساك | كرواتيا | 33,322 | 47,768 | ||||||
10 | اوبرنوڤاتس | صربيا | 24,568 | 71,419 | ||||||
المصادر: المكتب الإحصائي لجمهورية صربيا، تعداد 2011؛ [4] مكتب الإحصاءات الكرواتي؛ تعداد 2011؛ [5] المكتب الإحصائي لجمهورية سلوڤنيا، تعداد 2002؛[6] مجلس وزراء البوسنة والهرسك[7] |
المستجمعات المائية
البلد | مساحة حوض ساڤا | حصة الأراضي الوطنية في حوض ساڤا |
الحصة في حوض ساڤا |
---|---|---|---|
سلوڤنيا | 11734.8 كم² | 52.8% | 12.01% |
كرواتيا | 25373.5 كم² | 45.2% | 25.97% |
البوسنة والهرسك | 38349.1 كم² | 75.8% | 39.25% |
صربيا | 15147.0 كم² | 17.4% | 15.50% |
الجبل الأسود | 6929.8 كم² | 49.6% | 7.09% |
ألبانيا | 179.0 كم² | 0.59% | 0.18% |
المصدر: اللجنة الدولية لحوض نهر ساڤا؛[10] |
الروافد الرئيسية
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
الهيدرولوجيا
الجيولوجيا
الاقتصاد
توليد الطاقة الكهربائية
محطة الطاقة الكهرومائية | الموقع | القدرة المركبة | القدرة السنوية للانتاج |
---|---|---|---|
موسته | موسته، سلوڤنيا | 21 م.و. | 56 GWh |
Mavčiče | Mavčiče، سلوڤنيا | 38 م.و. | 62 GWh |
مدڤوده | مدڤوده، سلوڤنيا | 25 م.و. | 72 GWh |
ڤرهوڤو | ڤرهوڤو، سلوڤنيا | 34.2 م.و. | 116 گ.و/س |
بوشتاني | بوشتاني، سلوڤنيا | 36 م.م. | 115 GWh |
Blanca | بلانكا، سلوڤنيا | 42 م.م. | 144 گ.و./س |
المصادر: Savske Elektrarne Ljubljana,[12] Hidroelektrarne na spodnji Savi.[13] |
امدادات المياه وانتاج الغذاء
الملاحة والموانئ
البلد | الميناء | الشحن السنوي | السنة |
---|---|---|---|
كرواتيا | سيساك | 139,899 طن | 2007[14] |
سلاڤونسكي برود | 139,364 طن | 2007[14] | |
صربيا | صرمسكا متروڤتشا | 295,551 طن | 2009[15] |
النقل البري، السكك الحديدية وخطوط الأنابيب
البيئة
التلوث
Hazardous substances load from significant industrial pollution of the Sava River basin surface waters in 2007 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
البلد | الزرنيخ | الكادميوم | الكروم | النحاس | الزئبق | النيكل | الرصاص | الزند | الفينول |
سلوڤنيا | 115 | 0.03 | 83 | 142 | 0.51 | 582 | 75 | 7,656 | 104 |
كرواتيا | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 0.04 | 0.02 | N/A | N/A |
البوسنة والهرسك | N/A | N/A | 1,380 | 983 | N/A | 21 | 13,629 | 1,656 | N/A |
صربيا | 2,010 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 1,223 | 2,038 |
الجبل الأسود | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 246 | 1 | N/A |
المصدر: اللجنة الدولية لحوض نهر ساڤا;[16] N/A - البيانات غير متوفرة |
المناطق المحمية
الرياضة والترفيه
التقاليد
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
انظر أيضاً
الهوامش
- ^ http://www.voda.hr/HV_PrikazVodostaja_EksternaVS8/A3.aspx?postajaID=5&slivID=1
- ^ Google Earth
- ^ Nadilo 2000, p. 183.
- ^ RZS 2011, pp. 19, 21.
- ^ Croatian Census 2011.
- ^ SURS Census – Naselja 2007.
- ^ CoM BiH 2003, p. 13.
- ^ HRT 2000.
- ^ The Talon 22 March 1996, pp. 1, 12.
- ^ ISRBC September 2009, p. 6.
- ^ ISRBC September 2009, pp. 13-14.
- ^ Savske Elektrarne Ljubljana.
- ^ HESS (Projekti).
- ^ أ ب MMATI 2008, p. 52.
- ^ Danube Strategy in Serbia.
- ^ ISRBC November 2011 (b), p. 66.
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: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Saftić, Bruno; Velić, Josipa; Sztanó, Orsolya; Juhász, Györgyi; Ivković, Željko (June 2003). "Tertiary Subsurface Facies, Source Rocks and Hydrocarbon Reservoirs in the SW Part of the Pannonian Basin (Northern Croatia and South-Western Hungary)". Geologia Croatica. Croatian Geological Survey. 56 (1): 101–122. ISSN 1333-4875.
{{cite journal}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Šterc, Stjepan (June 1979). "Kanal Sava – Odra -Sava kao objekt obrane Zagreba od poplava". Hrvatski geografski glasnik (in Croatian). Croatian Geographic Society. 41–42 (1): 95–117. ISSN 1331-5854.
{{cite journal}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help); Unknown parameter|trans_title=
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suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - Vuković, Živorad; Marković, Ljiljana; Radenković, Mirjana; Vuković, Dubravka; Stanković, Srboljub (March 2011). "Heavy Metal and Bacterial Pollution of the Sava River in Serbia". Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb. 62 (1): 11–15. doi:10.2478/10004-1254-62-2011-2051. ISSN 0004-1254.
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: Invalid|ref=harv
(help)
- تقارير إخبارية
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suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - Mario Duspara (22 May 2006). "Obiteljski park na južnoj obali Save". Nacional (weekly) (in Croatian). Archived from the original on 7 July 2012.
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suggested) (help); Unknown parameter|trans_title=
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suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - Janjušević, Zorica (2 July 2012). "Na Adi 100.000 ljudi". Press (in Serbian).
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suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - Lee, Jack (22 March 1996). "Engineers rebuild Brcko Road bridge" (PDF). The Talon. 1st Armored Division (United States).
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ignored (|trans-title=
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: Unknown parameter|trans_title=
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suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - Švab, Matic (2010). "2010 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships SLOKA 2010" (PDF).
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ignored (help) - "Šansa regionalnog razvoja riječnog prometa" (in Bosnian). Al Jazeera Balkans. 22 April 2012.
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: Unknown parameter|trans_title=
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- مصادر أخرى
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ignored (|trans-title=
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: Unknown parameter|month=
ignored (help); Unknown parameter|trans_title=
ignored (|trans-title=
suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - Andričević, Roko (2011). "Pilot Project on Climate Change Adaptation Building the Link between Flood Risk Management Planning and Climate Change Assessment in the Sava River Basin" (PDF). United Nations Economic Commission for Europe.
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: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - "Background paper No.2: Groundwater bodies in the Sava River Basin, v2.0" (PDF). Zagreb: International Sava River Basin Commission. 2011.
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: Unknown parameter|month=
ignored (help) - "Background paper No.3: Significant pressures identified in the Sava River Basin, v3.0" (PDF). Zagreb: International Sava River Basin Commission. 2011.
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: Unknown parameter|month=
ignored (help) - "Bird reserve". Zagreb County Tourist Board.
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: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - "Демографија" (in Serbian). Municipality of Gradiška.
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ignored (|trans-title=
suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - "European Agreement on Main Inland Waterways of International Importance (AGN)" (PDF). United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. 19 January 1996. Retrieved 21 October 2012.
- "European Agreement on Main International Traffic Arteries (AGR) - Consolidated text of the AGR" (PDF). United Nations Economic and Social Council. 5 April 2002.
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- "HE Boštanj" (in Slovene). Hidroelektrarne na Spodnji Savi, d.o.o.
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ignored (|trans-title=
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suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - "HE Vrhovo" (in Slovene). Holding Slovenske elektrarne.
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ignored (|trans-title=
suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - "Hidroelektrarne na Savi" (in Slovene). Savske Elektrarne Ljubljana.
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suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - "History". International Sava River Basin Commission. 12 December 2008.
- "History of Sabac Marathon". Šabac Marathon. 2012.
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: Unknown parameter|month=
ignored (help) - "Indicator of river kilometres for the Sava River and its navigable tributaries" (PDF). Zagreb: International Sava River Basin Commission. 2011.
- "Izviješće o stanju okoliša Vukovarsko-srijemske županije" (PDF). Službeni glasnik Vukovarsko-srijemske županije (in Croatian). Vukovar-Syrmia County. 14 (18). 27 December 2006. ISSN 1846-0925.
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suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - "Izvještaj Bosne i Hercegovine o zakonodavnim i drugim mjerama na provođenju načela utvrđenih u okvirnoj konvenciji za zaštitu nacionalnih manjina" (PDF) (in Bosnian). Sarajevo: Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina. 2003.
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: Unknown parameter|month=
ignored (help); Unknown parameter|trans_title=
ignored (|trans-title=
suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - "Lonjsko Polje Nature Park Map". Lonjsko Polje Nature Park.
- "State emblems". Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs (Croatia).
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: Unknown parameter|trans_title=
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suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - "Okoljsko poročilo za pripravo obcinskega lokacijskega nacrta za obmocje urejanja PD 12/1 Jeprca" (PDF) (in Slovene). Medvode Municipality. 2008.
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: Unknown parameter|month=
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suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - قالب:Croatia Yearbook 2013
- "Luke i pristaništa" (in Serbian). Danube Strategy in Serbia.
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: Unknown parameter|trans_title=
ignored (|trans-title=
suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - "Mission". International Sava River Basin Commission. 12 December 2008.
- "Plan upravljanja vodnim područjima – Dodatak I. Analiza značajki Vodnog područja rijeke Dunav" (PDF) (in Croatian). Hrvatske vode.
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: Unknown parameter|trans_title=
ignored (|trans-title=
suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - "Plant systems and operation". Krško Nuclear Power Plant.
- "Prebivalstvo po starostnih skupinah in spolu – skupaj, naselja, Slovenija, popis 2002" (in Slovene). Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia. 2002.
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: Unknown parameter|trans_title=
ignored (|trans-title=
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: Unknown parameter|trans_title=
ignored (|trans-title=
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ignored (|trans-title=
suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - "Presentation of the municipality". Dol pri Ljubljani Municipality. 15 December 2007.
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ignored (|trans-title=
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:|chapter=
ignored (help) - "RŠC Jarun" (in Croatian). Zagreb Holding.
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suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - "Sava" (in Bosnian). BMG Bosanska medijska grupa.
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: Unknown parameter|trans_title=
ignored (|trans-title=
suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - "Sava River Basin Analysis Report" (PDF). Zagreb, Croatia: International Sava River Basin Commission. 2009.
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: Unknown parameter|month=
ignored (help) - "Slovenian Symbols" (PDF). Government Communication Office (Slovenia). 2011.
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: Unknown parameter|month=
ignored (help) - "Srednjoročni plan razvitka vodnih putova i luka unutarnjih voda Republike Hrvatske (za razdoblje 2009.-2016. godine)" (PDF) (in Croatian). Ministry of Maritime Affairs, Transport and Infrastructure (Croatia). 2008.
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: Unknown parameter|month=
ignored (help); Unknown parameter|trans_title=
ignored (|trans-title=
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ignored (|trans-title=
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ignored (|trans-title=
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: Unknown parameter|month=
ignored (help) - "Zgodovina" (in Slovene). Municipality of Laško.
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وصلات خارجية
KML file (edit • help)
|
- Condition of Sava at locations in Slovenia (proceeding from the upper to the lower stream):
- Radovljica – graphs, in the following order, of water level, flow and temperature data for the past 30 days (taken in Radovljica by ARSO)
- Medno – graphs, in the following order, of water level, flow and temperature data for the past 30 days (taken in Medno by ARSO)
- Šentjakob – graphs, in the following order, of water level, flow and temperature data for the past 30 days (taken in Šentjakob by ARSO)
- Hrastnik – graphs, in the following order, of water level, flow and temperature data for the past 30 days (taken in Hrastnik by ARSO)
- Jesenice na Dolenjskem – graphs, in the following order, of water level and temperature data for the past 30 days (taken in Jesenice na Dolenjskem by ARSO)
- Articles with hatnote templates targeting a nonexistent page
- صفحات المعرفة التي فيها البلد أو التقسيم غير معروف
- Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas
- Pages using deprecated coordinates format
- Pages using geobox2 unit with unknown unit type
- Geobox usage tracking for river type
- CS1 errors: unsupported parameter
- CS1 maint: location missing publisher
- CS1 errors: chapter ignored
- Attached KML errors
- Articles using KML not from Wikidata
- ساڤا
- أنهار سلوڤنيا
- أنهار كرواتيا
- أنهار البوسنة والهرسك
- أنهار صربيا
- أنهار دولية في أوروپا
- روافد الدانوب
- جغرافيا زغرب
- حدود صربيا
- حوض ساڤا
- الحدود البوسنية الكرواتية
- أنهار حدودية
- الحدود الكرواتية السلوڤنية