زط
المناطق ذات التجمعات المعتبرة | |
---|---|
South Asia | ~30–43 million (ح. 2009/10) |
اللغات | |
Hindi • Haryanvi • Punjabi • Rajasthani • Sindhi • Urdu | |
الدين | |
Hinduism • Islam • Sikhism |
الزط (أردو: جاٹ ؛ Jat ؛ النطق الهندوستاني: [dʒaːʈ]) (also spelled Jatt و Jaat[1]) اختلفت تسميتهم ويقال عنهم أيضاً السبابجة وهم جماعات طوال القامة، بشرتهم سوداء، وقيل أن أصلهم من الهند أو السند. نزحوا في عصور ما قبل الإسلام إلى فارس ثم انتقلوا إلى ثغور الخليج العربي. وقد ساعدوا المرتدين أثناء حروب الردة.[2] وأيضاً استقروا في العراق وقاموا بثورة أثناء الفتنة بين الأمين والمأمون واستمرت حتى خلافة المعتصم ونجح في القضاء على فتنتهم.[3]
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نظام العشائر
The Jat people are subdivided into numerous clans, some of which overlap with other groups.[4] Hindu and Sikh Jats practice clan exogamy.[5]
في الثقافة الشعبية
Jats are part of Punjabi and Haryanvi culture and are often portrayed in Indian and Pakistani films and songs.
- Maula Jatt
- The Legend of Maula Jatt
- A Flying Jatt
- Jatt & Juliet
- Jatt & Juliet 2
- Jatt James Bond
- Badla Jatti Da
- Jatts In Golmaal
- Jaattan ka Chhora
أشخاص بارزون
انظر أيضاً
ملاحظات
الهامش
- ^ Scoopwhoop.com
- ^ "تاريخ ابن جرير" ج 3 ص 301/303 ط : دار المعارف بمصر.
- ^
{{cite book}}
: Empty citation (help) - ^ Marshall, J. A. (1960). Guide to Taxila. Cambridge University Press. p. 24.
- ^ Kadyan, Amir (2020). Know the Jat. BlueRose Publishers. p. 20.
للاستزادة
- Bayly, C. A. (1989). Indian Society and the Making of the British Empire. Cambridge University Press. pp. 190–. ISBN 978-0-521-38650-0. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
- Brass, Tom (1995). New farmers' movements in India. Taylor & Francis. pp. 183–. ISBN 978-0-7146-4134-8. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
- Byres, T. J. (1999). Rural labour relations in India. Taylor & Francis. pp. 217–. ISBN 978-0-7146-8046-0. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
- Chowdhry, Prem (2008). "Customs in a Peasant Economy: Women in Colonial Harayana". In Sarkar, Sumit; Sarkar, Tanika (eds.). Women and social reform in modern India: a reader. Indiana University Press. pp. 147–. ISBN 978-0-253-22049-3. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
- Gupta, Akhil (1998). Postcolonial developments: agriculture in the making of modern India. Duke University Press. pp. 361–. ISBN 978-0-8223-2213-9. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
- Gupta, Dipankar (1 January 1996). Political sociology in India: contemporary trends. Orient Blackswan. pp. 70–. ISBN 978-81-250-0665-7. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
- Jaffrelot, Christophe (2003). India's silent revolution: the rise of the lower castes in North India. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-12786-8. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
- Jalal, Ayesha (1995). Democracy and authoritarianism in South Asia: a comparative and historical perspective. Cambridge University Press. pp. 212–. ISBN 978-0-521-47862-5. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
- Larson, Gerald James (1995). India's agony over religion. SUNY Press. pp. 90–. ISBN 978-0-7914-2412-4. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
- Lynch, Owen M. (1990). Divine passions: the social construction of emotion in India. University of California Press. pp. 255–. ISBN 978-0-520-06647-2. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
- Mazumder, Rajit K. (2003). The Indian army and the making of Punjab. Orient Blackswan. pp. 176–. ISBN 978-81-7824-059-6. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
- Misra, Maria (2008). Vishnu's crowded temple: India since the Great Rebellion. Yale University Press. pp. 89–. ISBN 978-0-300-13721-7. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
- Oldenburg, Veena Talwar (2002). Dowry murder: the imperial origins of a cultural crime. Oxford University Press. pp. 34–. ISBN 978-0-19-515071-1. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
- Pandian, Anand; Ali, Daud, eds. (1 September 2010). Ethical Life in South Asia. Indiana University Press. pp. 206–. ISBN 978-0-253-22243-5. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
- Pinch, William R. (1996). Peasants and monks in British India. University of California Press. pp. 12, 26, 28. ISBN 978-0-520-20061-6. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
- Richards, John F. (26 January 1996). The Mughal Empire. Cambridge University Press. pp. 269–. ISBN 978-0-521-56603-2. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
- Shweder, Richard A.; Minow, Martha; Markus, Hazel Rose (November 2004). Engaging cultural differences: the multicultural challenge in liberal democracies. Russell Sage Foundation. pp. 57–. ISBN 978-0-87154-795-8. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
- Schwartzberg, Joseph (2007). "Caste Regions of the Northern Plain". In Singer, Milton; Cohn, Bernard S. (eds.). Structure and Change in Indian Society. Transaction Publishers. pp. 81–114. ISBN 978-0-202-36138-3. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
- Stern, Robert W. (2003). Changing India: bourgeois revolution on the subcontinent. Cambridge University Press. pp. 58–. ISBN 978-0-521-00912-6. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
- Talbot, Ian (1996). Khizr Tiwana, the Punjab Unionist Party and the partition of India. Psychology Press. pp. 94–. ISBN 978-0-7007-0427-9. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
- Tan, Tai Yong (2005). The garrison state: the military, government and society in colonial Punjab 1849–1947. SAGE. pp. 85–. ISBN 978-0-7619-3336-6. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
- Wadley, Susan Snow (2004). Raja Nal and the Goddess: the north Indian epic Dhola in performance. Indiana University Press. pp. 60–. ISBN 978-0-253-34478-6. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
- Wink, André (2002). Al-Hind: Early medieval India and the expansion of Islam, 7th-11th centuries. BRILL. pp. 163–. ISBN 978-0-391-04173-8. Retrieved 15 October 2011.
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وصلات خارجية
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- Jat
- Agricultural castes
- Social groups of India
- Social groups of Pakistan
- Social groups of Sindh
- الزط
- مجموعات اجتماعية في الهند
- مجموعات اجتماعية في إقليم السند
- مجموعات اجتماعية في باكستان
- مصطلحات إسلامية