رشيد محمد باشا

رشيد محمد پاشا
الصدر الأعظم
في المنصب يناير 1829 – 17 فبراير 1833
سبقه	طوپال عزت محمد درندلي پاشا
خلـَفه	محمد أمين رؤوف پاشا
تفاصيل شخصية
وُلِد	1780
توفي	1836 (aged 55–56)

رشيد محمد خوجة باشا (1780 - 1839)، ويُعرف أيضاً بلقب كوتاهي. كان قائداً عسكريا عثمانياً متميزاً. وهو من الشركس، وقد تولى منصب الصدر الأعظم.

• من أعلام الشراكسة في الدولة العثمانية.
• ينتمي إلى عائلة كوشندوق الشركسية.
• تولى عدة مناصب في الدولة العثمانية كان آخرها منصب الصدر الأعظم الذي تولاه في زمن السلطان محمود الثاني في16 ‏ربيع الثاني عام 1244هـ ( 1828 ‏م) وخلفه فيه الصدر الأعظم محمد أمين رؤوف في باشا في تاريخ 27 ‏رمضان 1248 ‏هـ 1832م.

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 العمليات في إپيروس - حصار ميسولونگي الأول

للمزيد من المعلومات: حصار ميسولونگي الأول

Having been appointed commander-in-chief of the Ottoman forces in Epirus, he marched south, to meet the Greek forces under Alexandros Mavrokordatos, which were campaigning towards Arta. He inflicted a crushing defeat upon them in the Battle of Peta, on 4 July 1822, and proceeded southwards, to the strategically important town of Missolonghi. There he was met by Omer Vrioni, and their joint force of 8,000 besieged the city for two months, from 25 October to 31 December 1822. Omer Vrioni, contrary to Reşid Mehmed's view, initially tried to take the town by negotiations, which the besieged Greeks took advantage of, dragging them out until November 8, when they were reinforced by sea, at which point they refused to negotiate further. The siege began in earnest, and the two pashas scheduled their main assault for Christmas night, December 24, calculating that the Greeks would be caught by surprise. The plan was leaked to the defenders, and the attack failed. Six days later, the siege was lifted.

 حملة تساليا

After the failure at Missolonghi, Reşid Mehmed moved against the mountainous region of Pelion, which he managed to subdue. For his success, he was appointed governor of the sanjak of Trikala, and was finally appointed commander-in-chief of all Ottoman forces in Rumelia.

 حصار ميسولونگي الثالث

للمزيد من المعلومات: حصار ميسولونگي الثالث

From this position he was tasked by the Porte with taking Missolonghi and thus securing western Greece. Reşid Mehmed assembled an army of more than 35,000 and in February 1825 he set out for Missolonghi. On arriving there on April 20, he immediately invested the town with earthworks and subjected it to heavy bombardment. However, despite his efforts, the Greek garrison, aided by raids from the Greek bands behind his lines and resupplied by the Greek fleet despite the Ottoman naval blockade, resisted effectively. In the end, he was forced to call upon the assistance of Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt, whose army had been victorious against Greek forces in the Morea. The Egyptian forces arrived in early November, but a split occurred between the presumptuous Ibrahim and Reşid Mehmed, who withdrew his forces. After the Egyptians failed too in their assaults, Ibrahim acknowledged his error. The two pashas now cooperated, and the siege was intensified. The seaward supply route was cut, forcing threatening the defenders with starvation. Finally, they attempted a desperate escape, breaking out through the besieging forces, on the night of 10 April 1826. The sortie resulted in a massacre of the defenders, and Missolonghi fell to the Ottoman forces.

 الحملة في أتيكا

After this success, Reşid Mehmed turned towards Attica and Athens, where he arrived in July. He besieged the Greek garrison on the Acropolis of Athens unsuccessfully for ten months, until his unexpected victory over a Greek relief force at the Battle of Phaleron on 24 April 1827 forced the Greeks to surrender the fort.

 الحملة على إيالة البوسنة

المقالة الرئيسية: انتفاضة البوسنة (1831–32)

The Ottoman Bosnian leadership led by Husein Gradaščević were outraged when Sultan Mahmud II granted Serbia autonomy and subsequently six districts from the Bosnia Eyalet with the Treaty of Adrianople. Husein Gradaščević had already begun to support the cause of the fallen Janissary after the Auspicious Incident and would not allow Mahmud II to further disintegrate Bosnian society. Instead of negotiating with Husein Gradaščević, the Grand Vizier Reşid Mehmed Pasha (already engaged in an aggressive campaign against Albanian pashas and beys) mobilized his Ottoman army towards Travnik. Disappointed by Reşid Pasha's move, Gradaščević marched forward with an army of 52,000 into Priština, and later fought and defeated Reşid Pasha at Štimlje. A Bosnian delegation reached the Grand Vizier's camp in Skopje in November of that year. The Grand Vizier promised this delegation that he would insist to the Sultan that he accept the Bosniak demands. His true intentions, however, were manifested by early December when his cannons attacked Bosnian units stationed on the outskirts of Novi Pazar. Reşid Mehmed Pasha later began an aggressive campaign into Bosnia with the assistance of the renegade kapetan Ali-paša Rizvanbegović and defeated the entire army of Bosnia Eyalet led by Husein Gradaščević outside the town of Stup.

 بعد الثورة اليونانية

A very distinguished general, Reşid Mehmed fought in the Russo-Turkish War, where he was defeated by General Diebitsch at the Battle of Kulevicha. Subsequently, he was appointed Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire, a post he held from January 1829 to 17 February 1833. From that position, he orchestrated the Monastir massacre of 1830 of the Albanian beys killing hundreds.

 الحرب المصرية العثمانية

He led the Ottoman armies in Anatolia in the Egyptian-Ottoman War. He was captured by the forces of his old antagonist, Ibrahim Pasha, at the war's decisive Battle of Konya in 1832.

 الحملة في إيالة ديار بكر

He was appointed the Wāli of Diyarbakir Eyalet and Raqqa Eyalet in 1834 and onwards led military campaigns against the local Kurdish tribes Garzan, Bedir Khan and Milli and the Yazidi in Sincar. In 1835 he subdued the Milli tribe in Mardin. In 1836, he defeated the ruler from the Emirate of Soran. He died in 1836.

 المراجع

• الشراكسة ومنصب رئاسة الوزراء ( الصدارة العظمى) في تركيا العثمانية والحديثة))- بقلم فيصل حبطوش خوت أبزاخ- مجلة نارت - الصادرة عن الجمعية الخيرية الشركسية- عمان- الأردن - العدد87 -آذار 2006م - ص 28 -33 )).

سبقه طوپال عزت محمد درندلي پاشا

الصدر الأعظم يناير 1829 - 17 فبراير 1833

تبعه محمد أمين رؤوف پاشا