ديمغرافيا البوسنة والهرسك

Population density in Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipality, early data from the 2013 census

This article is about the demographic features of the population of البوسنة والهرسك, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

الإحصائيات الحيوية

[1][2][3] متوسط التعداد (x 1000) المواليد الأحياء الوفيات التغير الطبيعي Crude birth rate (per 1000) Crude death rate (per 1000) Natural change (per 1000) Total fertility rate Infant mortality rate (per 1000 births) Life expectancy males Life expectancy females
1947 2 532 84 600 38 900 45 700 33.4 15.4 18.0
1948 2 586 90 700 41 600 49 100 35.1 16.1 19.0
1949 2 642 98 200 42 200 56 000 37.2 16.0 21.2
1950 2 661 102 680 35 991 66 689 38.6 13.5 25.1
1951 2 721 92 330 46 358 45 972 33.9 17.0 16.9
1952 2 779 112 216 34 817 77 399 40.4 12.5 27.9
1953 2 836 110 373 41 199 69 174 38.9 14.5 24.4
1954 2 891 115 854 35 158 80 696 40.1 12.2 27.9
1955 2 944 110 866 40 513 70 353 37.7 13.8 23.9
1956 2 994 111 561 38 320 73 241 37.3 12.8 24.5
1957 3 042 102 649 36 830 65 819 33.7 12.1 21.6
1958 3 089 110 332 30 123 80 209 35.7 9.8 26.0
1959 3 135 108 123 32 507 75 616 34.5 10.4 24.1
1960 3 180 110 499 33 360 77 139 34.7 10.5 24.3
1961 3 225 108 076 29 413 78 663 33.5 9.1 24.4
1962 3 271 106 826 31 087 75 739 32.7 9.5 23.2
1963 3 315 104 240 29 161 75 079 31.4 8.8 22.6
1964 3 357 101 147 29 846 71 301 30.1 8.9 21.2
1965 3 396 101 351 27 814 73 537 29.8 8.2 21.7
1966 3 433 97 689 25 138 72 551 28.5 7.3 21.1
1967 3 466 92 972 26 195 66 777 26.8 7.6 19.3
1968 3 498 89 134 26 031 63 103 25.5 7.4 18.0
1969 3 531 87 687 27 805 59 882 24.8 7.9 17.0
1970 3 564 79 296 26 355 52 941 22.2 7.4 14.9
1971 3 600 82 694 24 915 57 779 23.0 6.9 16.0
1972 3 637 82 068 26 844 55 224 22.6 7.4 15.2
1973 3 675 77 896 24 672 53 224 21.2 6.7 14.5
1974 3 712 77 833 23 661 54 172 21.0 6.4 14.6
1975 3 747 78 844 25 571 53 273 21.0 6.8 14.2
1976 3 781 79 061 25 178 53 883 20.9 6.7 14.3
1977 3 813 75 669 24 821 50 848 19.8 6.5 13.3
1978 3 844 73 306 26 016 47 290 19.1 6.8 12.3
1979 3 878 71 120 25 370 45 750 18.3 6.5 11.8
1980 3 914 70 928 26 115 44 813 18.1 6.7 11.4
1981 3 950 71 031 26 222 44 809 18.0 6.6 11.3
1982 3 986 73 375 26 775 46 600 18.4 6.7 11.7
1983 4 025 74 296 29 999 44 297 18.5 7.5 11.0
1984 4 070 74 539 29 046 45 493 18.3 7.1 11.2
1985 4 122 72 722 28 966 43 756 17.6 7.0 10.6
1986 4 189 71 203 29 127 42 076 17.0 7.0 10.0
1987 4 267 70 898 29 382 41 516 16.6 6.9 9.7
1988 4 332 70 711 29 559 41 152 16.3 6.8 9.5
1989 4 353 66 809 30 383 36 426 15.3 7.0 8.4
1990 4 308 66 952 29 093 37 859 15.5 6.8 8.8
1991 4 163 64 769 31 411 33 358 15.6 7.5 8.0
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996 3 645 46 594 25 152 21 442 12.8 6.9 5.9 1.65
1997 3 738 48 397 27 875 20 522 12.9 7.5 5.5 1.68
1998 3 653 45 007 28 679 16 328 12.3 7.9 4.5 1.56
1999 3 725 42 464 28 637 13 827 11.4 7.7 3.7 1.36
2000 3 781 39 563 30 482 9 081 10.5 8.1 2.4 1.30
2001 3 798 37 717 30 325 7 392 9.9 8.0 1.9 1.40
2002 3 828 35 587 30 155 5 432 9.3 7.9 1.4 1.20
2003 3 833 35 234 31 757 3 477 9.2 8.3 0.9 1.22
2004 3 843 35 151 32 616 2 535 9.2 8.5 0.7 1.22
2005 3 843 34 627 34 402 225 9.0 9.0 0.1 1.20
2006 3 843 34 033 33 221 812 8.9 8.6 0.2 1.18
2007 3 843 33 835 35 044 -1 209 8.8 9.1 -0.3 1.26
2008 3 842 34 176 34 026 150 8.9 8.9 0.0 1.29
2009 3 843 34 617 33 983 634 9.0 9.0 0.0 1.30
2010 3 843 33 820 34 772 48 8.8 8.8 0.0 1.27
2011 3 840 33 779 34 633 -854 8.8 9.0 -0.2 1.21
2012 3 836 31 875 35 522 -3 647 8.3 9.3 -1.0 1.349
2013 3 531 32 072 35 629 -3 620 9.1 10.1 -1.0 1.276
2014 3 526 31 103 35 837 -4 734 8.8 10.2 -1.4 1.258
2015 3 517 28 906 37 070 -8 164 8.2 10.4 - 2.2
2016 29 276 35 530 -6 254


الجماعات العرقية

According to data from 2013 census published by the Agency for Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosniaks constitute 50.11% of the population, Bosnian Serbs 30.78%, Bosnian Croats 15.43%, and others form 2.73%, with the remaining respondents not declaring their ethnicity or not answering.[4] The census results are contested by the Republika Srpska statistical office and by Bosnian Serb politicians,[5] who oppose the inclusion of non-permanent Bosnian residents in the figures.[6] The European Union's statistics office, Eurostat, however concluded the methodology used by the Bosnian statistical agency to be in line with international recommendations.[7]

In Bosnia and Herzegovina, religion is often linked to ethnicity, i.e. (with the exception of agnostics and atheists) most Bosniaks are Muslim, Serbs are Orthodox Christian, and Croats are Roman Catholic.

تعداد البوسنة والهرسك حسب الجماعة العرقية 1948–1996
الجماعة
العرقية 		تعداد 1948 تعداد 1953 تعداد 1961 تعداد 1971 تعداد 1981 تعداد 1991 تعداد UNHCR 1996 تعداد 2013 تغير التعداد 1991-2013
Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number %
Bosniaks 788,403 30.7 891,800 31.3 842,248 25.7 1,482,430 39.6 1,629,924 39.5 1,902,956 43.5 1,805,910 46.1 1,769,592 50.11 -133,364 +6.64%
Serbs 1,136,116 44.3 1,264,372 44.4 1,406,057 42.9 1,393,148 37.2 1,320,644 32.0 1,366,104 31.2 1,484,530 37.9 1,086,733 30.78 -279,371 -0.43%
Croats 614,123 23.9 654,229 23.0 711,665 21.7 772,491 20.6 758,136 18.4 760,852 17.4 571,317 14.6 544,780 15.43 -216,072 -1.95%
Yugoslavs 275,883 8.4 43,796 1.2 326,280 7.9 242,682 5.5
Montenegrins 3,094 0.1 7,336 0.3 12,828 0.4 13,021 0.3 14,114 0.3 10,071 0.2
Roma 442 0.0 2,297 0.1 588 0.0 1,456 0.0 7,251 0.2 8,864 0.2
Albanians 3,642 0.1 3,764 0.1 4,396 0.1 4,925 0.1
Others/undeclared 23,099 0.9 27,756 1.0 28,679 0.8 36,005 1 63,263 1.5 80,579 1.9 58,196 1.5 130,054 3.62
Total 2,565,277 2,847,790 3,277,948 3,746,111 4,124,008 4,376,403 3,919,953 3,531,159
  • Ethnic structure in 1895

    Ethnic structure in 1895

  • Ethnic structure of Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013

    Ethnic structure of Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013

  • Ethnic structure of Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013

    Ethnic structure of Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013

  • Share of Bosniaks in Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013

    Share of Bosniaks in Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013

  • Share of Serbs in Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013

    Share of Serbs in Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013

  • Share of Croats in Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013

    Share of Croats in Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013

اللغات

Bosnia's constitution does not specify any official languages.[8][9][10] However, academics Hilary Footitt and Michael Kelly note that the Dayton Agreement states that it is "done in Bosnian, Croatian, English and Serbian", and they describe this as the "de facto recognition of three official languages" at the state level. The equal status of Bosnian, Serbian and Croatian was verified by the Constitutional Court in 2000.[10] It ruled that the provisions of the Federation and Republika Srpska constitutions on language were incompatible with the state constitution, since they only recognised "Bosniak" and Croatian (in the case of the Federation) and Serbian (in the case of Republika Srpska) as official languages at the entity level. As a result, the wording of the entity constitutions was changed and all three languages were made official in both entities.[10] The three languages are mutually intelligible and are also known collectively as Serbo-Croatian. Use of one of the three varieties has become a marker of ethnic identity.[11] Michael Kelly and Catherine Baker argue: "The three official languages of today's Bosnian state...represent the symbolic assertion of national identity over the pragmatism of mutual intelligibility".[12] All standard varieties are based on the Ijekavian varieties of the Shtokavian dialect (non-standard spoken varieties including, beside Ijekavian, also Ikavian Shtokavian). Serbian is written in both Latin and Cyrillic, whereas Croatian and Bosnian are written only in Latin alphabet. There are also some speakers of Italian, German, Turkish and Ladino. Yugoslav Sign Language is used with Croatian and Serbian variants.

وحسب نتائج إحصاء 2013، 52.86% of the population consider their mother tongue to be Bosnian, 30.76% Serbian, 14.6% Croatian and 1.57% another language, with 0.21% not giving an answer.[4]

  • Linguistic structure of Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013

    Linguistic structure of Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013

  • Linguistic structure of Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013

    Linguistic structure of Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013

  • Share of the Bosnian language in Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013

    Share of the Bosnian language in Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013

  • Share of the Serbian language in Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013

    Share of the Serbian language in Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013

  • Share of the Croatian language in Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013

    Share of the Croatian language in Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013

الأديان

مقال رئيسي: الدين في البوسنة والهرسك

حسب تعداد 2013، 50.7% من السكان يُعرِّفون أنفسهم دينياً كمسلمين، 30.75% كمسيحيين أرثوذكس صرب، 15.19% كـ كاثوليك (كروات)، 1.15% كآخرين، 1.1% لا أدريين أو ملحدين، والبقية لا تعلن دينها أو لا تجيب.[4] A 2012 survey found that 54% of Bosnia's Muslims are non-denominational Muslims, while 38% follow Sunnism.[13] In Bosnia and Herzegovina religion is strongly linked to ethnicity.

  • Religious structure of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1879

    Religious structure of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1879

  • Religious structure of Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013

    Religious structure of Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013

  • Religious structure of Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013

    Religious structure of Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013

  • Share of Muslims in Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013

    Share of Muslims in Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013

  • Share of Orthodox Christians in Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013

    Share of Orthodox Christians in Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013

  • Share of Catholics in Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013

    Share of Catholics in Bosnia and Herzegovina by municipalities in 2013

إحصائيات ديمغرافية

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.

التعداد

3,871,643 (تقدير يوليو 2014)

التوزيع العمري

0-14 سنة: 13.7% (ذكور 272,812/إناث 256,152)
15-24 سنة: 12.7% (ذكور 255,074/إناث 238,428)
25-54 سنة: 46.7% (ذكور 906,265/إناث 899,870)
55-64 سنة: 13.7% (ذكور 253,045/إناث 276,769)
65 سنة وأعلى: 13.3% (ذكور 199,515/إناث 313,713) (تقدير 2014)

العمر الأوسط

الإجمالي: 40.8 سنة
الذكور: 39.4 سنة
الإناث: 42.2 سنة (تقدير 2014)

نسبة الجنسين

لدى الميلاد: 1.07 ذكر/أنثى
0-14 سنة: 1.07 ذكر/أنثى
15-24 سنة: 1.07 ذكر/أنثى
25-54 سنة: 1.01 ذكر/أنثى
55-64 سنة: 0.95 ذكر/أنثى
65 سنة وأعلى: 0.63 ذكر/أنثى
إجمالي التعداد: 0.95 ذكر/أنثى (تقدير 2014)


معدل وفيات الرضع

الإجمالي: 5.84 وفاة/1,000 وليد حي
الذكور: 5.91 deaths/1,000 live births
الإناث: 5.78 deaths/1,000 live births (2014 est.)

العمر المتوقع لدى الولادة

Total population: 76.33 years
الذكور: 73.33 سنة
الإناث: 79.55 سنة (تقدير 2014)

الإيدز

المعدل الغالب في البالغين: أقل من 0.1% (تقدير 2007)
People living with HIV/AIDS: 900 (2007 est.)
الوفيات: 100 (تقدير 2001)

القراءة والكتابة

التعريف: عمر 15 وأعلى بإمكانه القراءة والكتابة
إجمالي العدد: 98%
الذكور: 99.5%
الإناث: 96.7% (تقدير 2011)

انظر أيضاً

الأديان:

الجماعات:

الهامش

  1. ^ Institut national d'études démographique (INED)
  2. ^ Agency for Statistics Bosnia and Herzegovina
  3. ^ http://www.bhas.ba/tematskibilteni/BHAS_Demografija_BH.pdf
  4. ^ أ ب ت "Census of population, households and dwellings in Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2013: Final results" (PDF). Agency for Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina. June 2016. Retrieved 1 July 2016.
  5. ^ Toe, Rodolfo (30 June 2016). "Census Reveals Bosnia's Changed Demography". Balkan Insight. Retrieved 1 July 2016.
  6. ^ Toe, Rodolfo (30 June 2016). "Bosnia to Publish Census Without Serb Agreement". Balkan Insight. Retrieved 1 July 2016.
  7. ^ "Bosnia-Herzegovina has lost a fifth of its pre-war population". The Guardian. 2016.
  8. ^ Faingold, Eduardo D. (2004). "Language rights and language justice in the constitutions of the world". Language Problems & Language Planning. 28 (1): 11–24. doi:10.1075/lplp.28.1.03fai.
  9. ^ Sadurski, Wojciech (2005). Rights Before Courts: A Study of Constitutional Courts in Postcommunist States of Central and Eastern Europe. Springer. p. 342. ISBN 1402030061.
  10. ^ أ ب ت Footitt, Hilary; Kelly, Michael (2012). Languages at War: Policies and Practices of Language Contacts in Conflict. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 111–120. ISBN 0230368778.
  11. ^ Greenberg, Robert David (2004). Language and Identity in the Balkans: Serbo-Croatian and its Disintegration. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-925815-4.
  12. ^ Kelly, Michael; Baker, Catherine (2013). Interpreting the Peace: Peace Operations, Conflict and Language in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 10. ISBN 1137029838.
  13. ^ "The World's Muslims: Unity and Diversity" (PDF). Pew Research Center. 2012. p. 30. Retrieved 7 April 2016.

CIA.svg This article contains material from the CIA World Factbook (2009 edition) which, as a U.S. government publication, is in the المشاع.


وصلات خارجية

قالب:Ethnic groups in Bosnia and Herzegovina

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