جون رولاند

جون رولاند
John Rowland
John Rowland (cropped).jpg
86th حاكم كنتيكت
في المنصب
January 4, 1995 – July 1, 2004
النائبجودي ريل
سبقهLowell Weicker
خلـَفهJodi Rell
عضو of the U.S. مجلس النواب
عن Connecticut's 5th district
في المنصب
January 3, 1985 – January 3, 1991
سبقهWilliam R. Ratchford
خلـَفهGary Franks
عضو of the Connecticut مجلس النواب
عن the 73rd district
في المنصب
January 7, 1981 – January 3, 1985
سبقهNatalie Rapoport
خلـَفهJoan Hartley
تفاصيل شخصية
وُلِد
John Grosvenor Rowland

24 مايو 1957 (العمر 67 سنة)
Waterbury, Connecticut, U.S.
الحزبRepublican
الزوج
Deborah Nabhan
​
(divorced)​
​
(m. 1994)​
الأنجال5
التعليمHoly Cross High School (1975)
Villanova University (BS) (1979)

جون گروسڤنور رولاند (John Grosvenor Rowland؛ و. 24 مايو 1957)، هو سياسي أمريكي سابق، ومؤلف، ومذيع راديو وحاكم كنتيكت رقم 86 من 1995 حتى 2004.

Rowland served three terms representing Connecticut's 5th congressional district in the United States House of Representatives from 1985 to 1991.[1][2] A Republican, he was the first Connecticut governor to be elected to more than two terms since Wilbur Cross, who was elected to four consecutive terms in the 1930s. In July 2004, Rowland resigned from office amid a corruption investigation, and later pleaded guilty in federal court to a one-count indictment for conspiracy to commit honest services fraud, mail fraud and tax fraud.[3] His lieutenant governor, Jodi Rell, replaced him as governor. Rowland served ten months in a federal prison until February 2006, followed by four months' house arrest at his home in West Hartford until June 2006.

In 2014, Rowland was indicted on seven counts for his role in an election fraud case where former congressional candidate Lisa Wilson-Foley, current vice chair of the Bushnell Center for the Performing Arts and her husband, Brian Foley, pleaded guilty in federal court on March 31, 2014, to illegally paying Rowland $35,000 in campaign consulting fees.[4] He was charged with two counts of falsifying records in a federal investigation, one count of conspiracy, two counts of causing false statements to be made to the FEC, and two counts of causing illegal campaign contributions.[5] He was convicted on all seven counts in September 2014,[6] and was subsequently sentenced to 30 months in prison in 2015.[7] He was released in 2018.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

السنوات المبكرة والتعليم

Rowland was born May 24, 1957 in Waterbury, Connecticut, the oldest of five children, to Sherwood L. Rowland (died 2000), an insurance agent, and Florence "Cerie" Rowland (née Jackson; 1931–2017).[8] He has four younger siblings; Ned Rowland, Henry Rowland, Marnie Crawford (née Rowland) and Skip Rowland.[9]

He attended and graduated from Holy Cross High School, a private high school, in Waterbury, Connecticut. Rowland received a Bachelor of Science from Villanova University in 1979.


مسيرته المهنية

السياسة

Rowland greeting President Ronald Reagan in 1984
Rowland greeting President George H. W. Bush in 1990

Rowland's political career began in 1980 when, at age 23, he was elected to the Connecticut State House of Representatives. He held his seat until 1984, when he was elected to represent Connecticut's 5th congressional district in the United States House of Representatives and was reelected in 1986 and 1988.

الاستشارات

After losing the 1990 gubernatorial race to Lowell Weicker, Rowland worked as a consultant for United Technologies Corp.[10]

حاكم كنتيكت

Governor John Rowland (CT) signing Proclamation making September Childhood Cancer Awareness Month

Rowland was later elected governor in 1994 at age 37 (the youngest governor in Connecticut history) and later defeated two Democratic opponents: former US Congresswoman Barbara Bailey Kennelly (63%–35%) in 1998 and former State Comptroller Bill Curry (56%–44%) in 2002.

The Adriaen's Landing project, the most ambitious capital city development project in decades in the state, continued to progress during Rowland's time in office. On Rowland's watch the state paid $37 million to TBI Construction to relocate Connecticut Natural Gas headquarters to East Hartford to make room for the development, TBI would later be at the center of the scandal that brought the Governor down.[11]

In 1997 Rowland was the subject of the Geargate political scandal.[12] Surplus military equipment intended for the Connecticut State Police was diverted by Rowland and close associates for their personal use. Equipment and apparel including sleeping bags, camouflage jackets, helmets, and a bayonet made their way into the hands of Rowland's children, his staff, his security detail, and the husband of then Lt. Gov. Jodi Rell. The diversion was organized by corrupt State Trooper Eugene D’Angelo and was uncovered through a joint State Police and Department of Defense investigation.[13]

In 1998, Rowland implemented the HUSKY Plan (Healthcare for UninSured Kids and Youth) to provide health insurance to uninsured Connecticut children. During his tenure, the budget for the Department of Children and Families more than doubled. Rowland supported addition to government of the state's first Child Advocate.[14]

Rowland was a strong proponent of a tough stance against violent crime as governor. The prison population grew rapidly during his term, which caused the state to send inmates to prisons in Virginia to deal with overcrowding. Legislative opponents of this policy such as Representative Michael Lawlor urged more rapid release of nonviolent offenders.[15] After Rowland left office the Virginia inmates were returned to Connecticut and more criminals were paroled.[16] This approach was criticized after the 2007 Cheshire home invasion murders committed by two "nonviolent" inmates paroled from Connecticut prison.[17]

In early 1998, Rowland outlined plans to make Hartford an educational, cultural, and entertainment center.[18] He outlined a "Six Pillars of Progress" initiative which included the construction of a convention center, a higher education center, parking garages, housing, riverfront redevelopment, and the renovation of the Hartford Civic Center.[18] By May 1998, the Connecticut General Assembly had authorized an initial $300 million to implement his urban renewal plan.[18] Rowland established the Capital City Economic Development Authority, a quasi-state entity to oversee the implementation of his plan.[18] Projects completed under this plan included the construction of Adriaen's Landing and other work on improving the riverfront, renovation of the former G. Fox & Co. department store so that it could house the new location of Capital Community College, and the Connecticut Convention Center.[18]

In 2002 Lawrence Alibozek, former deputy chief of staff to the Governor, pleaded guilty to steering State contracts to the Tomasso Group, a contractor heavily involved with Rowland and his campaigns.[19] The Tomasso Group's relationship with Rowland included more than $500,000 in legal campaign contributions as well as hosting the Governor's birthday at their Tunxis Country Club.[20]

In 2003 Governor Rowland dismissed 2,800 state workers thus violating their union contracts. The 2nd U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in New York City ruled in 2013 that the former Republican governor's administration had violated the workers right to freedom of association. Many workers were eventually rehired or otherwise partially compensated. "They lost benefits, they lost pension, they lost health insurance," creating "real interference" with people's lives, said Union Attorney David Golub.[21]

Before investigation into his conduct as governor started, Rowland was viewed as a rising star in the Republican Party, and was mentioned as a future presidential or vice-presidential candidate.[22]

Rowland resigned abruptly as governor, July 13, 2004, as he faced impeachment and investigation for corruption. Lieutenant Governor M. Jodi Rell served out the remainder of his term. Rowland is the first Connecticut governor to have ever faced impeachment and he is the only Connecticut governor to have served prison time.

قضية الفساد

الاستقالة وسط التهديد بالعزل

In the first year of Rowland's third term (2003), rumors began circulating that contractors doing business with the state, primarily the Tomasso Group,[23] paid for and made improvements to his private weekend home. Rowland initially denied the allegations, but in December 2003, he abruptly appeared on television and admitted that work had been done by contractors on his vacation home at no charge, and that his earlier statements to the contrary were untrue. He claimed that, since the work was done, he had paid the contractors in full; but in January 2004 an official investigation began into charges of corruption and whether he should face impeachment.[24]

On June 18, the Connecticut Supreme Court required Rowland to appear before the investigative panel seeking his testimony, which could have resulted in him giving evidence against impeachment in the ongoing criminal investigation. On June 21, Rowland resigned, effective noon on July 1, 2004, amid a strong likelihood of impeachment.[25][26]

قصيدة پاتي رولاند

Matters were exacerbated when the First Lady of Connecticut, Patty Rowland, wrote a satirical poem deriding the media for investigating her husband's wrongdoing.[27] The poem, a parody of the classic A Visit From St. Nicholas, was read by the First Lady at the Middlesex Chamber of Commerce on Dec. 17, 2003. The poem was published in its entirety in the New York Times the following day.[28]

الاعتقاد

On December 23, 2004, Rowland pleaded guilty to depriving the public of honest service. Rowland was sentenced on March 18, 2005, in New Haven, Connecticut, to one year and one day in prison, four months' house arrest, three years' probation and community service. On April 1, 2005, he entered Federal Correctional Institution, Loretto, in Pennsylvania. His federal inmate number was 15623-014.[29][30]


. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

بعد الإفراج عنه

On February 10, 2006, Rowland was released from federal prison with the stipulation that he serve four months' house arrest with an electronic ankle bracelet monitor.

On July 1, 2006, Rowland spoke to an association of scholar athletes in Kingston, Rhode Island, about the lessons he learned. A "sense of entitlement" and the "arrogance of power" were two of the biggest things that ended his political career, The Hartford Courant quoted him as saying.[31]

He warned that the arrogance is very easy when you're put on a pedestal, and you "start to believe your own press releases. ... It [becomes] all about me. You start to block out what else is around you."[31]

The Courant quoted Rowland as saying that "when you start to find yourself only concerned with yourself" that's the point when you need to find a "grounding force." That should be faith, ideally, he said, or at least "something within yourself"—not just other people.[31]

"I found in my career that a lot of people will tell you how great you are—especially when you're the boss. But there will be that time when that career will be over ... and then it's down to the three F's—faith, family and friends – real faith, real family and real friends."[31]

Rowland, now a resident of West Hartford, told the audience his future is still uncertain. He owes the Internal Revenue Service more than $35,000 and another $40,000 in fines. He said he's a volunteer counselor and hoping to find a publisher for a book he wrote called Falling Into Grace.[32]

In September 2006, local TV station WTNH, reported that Patty Rowland had purchased a house in Middlebury, Connecticut, and the Rowland family would be moving to that town.[33]

Rowland discussed his life after politics in a Washington Post article published June 17, 2007. Rowland discussed his work on the lecture circuit and the factors leading to his political demise. He also expressed disappointment that his successor, Governor M. Jodi Rell, had "thrown him under the bus" and distanced herself from him after taking office.[34] Rell declined to criticize Rowland over these remarks.[35]

In January 2008, Waterbury Republican Mayor Michael Jarjura announced that he would hire Rowland as an economic development advisor for the city.[36] Rowland began work in February and received an annual salary of $95,000 as the city's economic development coordinator.[37] Rowland's stint as Waterbury's economic development coordinator ended in 2012.[38]

البرنامج الإذاعي

From 2010 until 2014, Rowland hosted the afternoon show on Hartford's WTIC (1080).[39]

On April 1, 2014, Connecticut governor Dannel P. Malloy called on WTIC to remove Rowland from the air due to Rowland's implication in a corruption scandal involving former Congressional candidate Lisa Wilson-Foley. Malloy stated: "The reality is that we now know enough—two people have pled guilty to this charge and have identified the party they were engaged with ... unless there's going to be a denial and in light of two actual pleas, both identifying who the third party was, I think any reasonable outlet would remove him at this point […] He had the interesting position of trying to impact and influence political discourse on an afternoon radio show. That somebody would violate that trust as well, is disturbing."[40] Rowland has often criticized Malloy since the latter took office in 2011. On one occasion, Rowland labeled Malloy a "pathological liar," although he later apologized to Malloy.[41]

On April 3, 2014, just before 6 p.m. at the end of his regular three-hour time slot, Rowland announced that he was leaving as WTIC's afternoon talk-show host "to take care of some personal issues".[42]

حملة ولسون-فولي

On March 31, 2014, husband and wife Brian and Lisa Wilson-Foley, the Vice Chair of the Bushnell Center for the Performing Arts Board of Trustees, pleaded guilty in federal court to corruption charges for illegally paying and afterwards hiding campaign consulting fees to the former governor, who is widely considered the main target for the federal probers. In 2012, Wilson-Foley ran for Congress in Connecticut 5th district. Rowland secretly served as a consultant to her campaign.[43]

On September 8, Lisa Wilson-Foley's husband, Brian Foley, told the jury that his wife had signed a fictional contract with Rowland to create the impression that Rowland was working for a group of nursing homes Foley owned. Instead, Rowland was providing political advice. Despite the statement, Rowland's lawyers insisted that the client was a campaign volunteer and that he was paid for giving Foley advice on his healthcare business, not for being a political consultant.[44] Shortly thereafter on September 16, first defense witness Bedard testified in accord with this line of defense. Bedard claims directly countered prosecutor's charges whereby he states that Rowland: "The healthcare and nursing home industry was changing and Brian hired him as a consultant to help us move forward," Bedard testified: "The healthcare and nursing home industry was changing and Brian [Foley] hired him [Rowland] as a consultant to help us move forward. ... He knew the politics and practical ways to speed along Medicaid payments that were often delayed by between nine months to a year."[45][46]

On September 19, 2014, Rowland was convicted on federal charges that he conspired to hide payment for his work on two congressional campaigns. He was convicted in New Haven federal court on all seven counts, including conspiracy, falsifying records in a federal investigation, causing false statements to be made to the Federal Election Commission, and causing illegal campaign contributions. On March 18, 2015, Rowland was sentenced to prison for 30 months by U.S. District Judge Janet Bond Arterton.[47] Judge Arterton also fined Rowland $35,000 and ordered him to serve three years of supervision by the federal probation office upon his release.[47] Rowland turned down the opportunity to speak and is planning on appealing the sentence. His conviction was upheld by the 2nd U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in New York City on June 17, 2016. Rowland served less than the full 30-month term and was released from federal custody on May 26, 2018.[48]

التاريخ الانتخابي

Rowland during the
101st Congress
Connecticut Gubernatorial Election 1990
الحزب المرشح الأصوات % ±%
A Connecticut Party (1990) Lowell Weicker 460,576 40.36
Republican John Rowland 427,840 37.49
Democratic Bruce Morrison 236,641 20.74
Connecticut Gubernatorial Election 1994
الحزب المرشح الأصوات % ±%
Republican John Rowland 415,201 36.20
Democratic Bill Curry 375,133 32.70
A Connecticut Party (1990) Eunice Strong Groark 216,585 18.88
Independent Tom Scott 130,128 11.34
Connecticut Gubernatorial Election 1998
الحزب المرشح الأصوات % ±%
Republican John Rowland (incumbent) 628,707 62.90
Democratic Barbara Kennelly 354,187 35.44
Connecticut Gubernatorial Election 2002
الحزب المرشح الأصوات % ±%
Republican John Rowland (incumbent) 573,958 56.11
Democratic Bill Curry 448,984 43.89

حياته الشخصية

Rowland was married firstly to Deborah Joan Nabhan (born 1958), with whom he had daughters Kristen and Julianne. In 1994, Rowland who was then a 12-day governor elect, married his highschool sweat heart Patricia Largay (née Oemcke), on Block Island, Rhode Island.[49]

Rowland resided in Middlebury, Connecticut. In 2022, he purchased a historic Waterside Lane home in Clinton, Connecticut, which is listed on the National Registry of Historic Places for $800,000.[50][51]


. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

المصادر

  1. ^ Honest Services Mail Fraud defined and discussed at Findlaw.com. Accessed March 17, 2008.
  2. ^ "US Dept of Justice Press Release". Retrieved December 21, 2020.
  3. ^ Hussey, Kristin; Santora, Marc (March 18, 2015). "Judge Sends Rowland, Ex-Connecticut Governor, Back to Prison". The New York Times (in الإنجليزية). Retrieved 2018-11-19.
  4. ^ "Feds Want Prison For Lisa Wilson-Foley In Rowland Case". Hartford Courant. Archived from the original on March 23, 2016. Retrieved December 21, 2020.
  5. ^ "Ex-Connecticut Gov. John Rowland Indicted In Alleged Campaign Scheme". April 10, 2014. Retrieved December 21, 2020.
  6. ^ "Ex-Conn. Governor John Rowland convicted of conspiracy charges". nydailynews.com. ASSOCIATED PRESS. September 19, 2014. Retrieved December 21, 2020.
  7. ^ Mahony, Edmund (March 18, 2015). "Ex-Governor John Rowland Sentenced To 30 Months In Prison". Hartford Courant. Retrieved April 25, 2015.
  8. ^ By (2000-01-14). "'THE MOST PRINCIPLED MAN WE HAVE EVER KNOWN'". Hartford Courant (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). Retrieved 2024-08-22.
  9. ^ "Florence "Cerie" (Jackson) Rowland". Bee-Intelligencer at Bee-News (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). Retrieved 2024-08-22.
  10. ^ Murray, John. "A Peek Behind The Scenes With Governor John Rowland". waterburyobserver.org. The Waterbury Observer. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
  11. ^ "FBI probe focuses on CNG relocation in Adriaen's Landing project". connecticut.news12.com. News 12. Retrieved 22 May 2019.
  12. ^ Leigh Cowan, Alison (June 29, 2004). "Political Memo; The Antagonist Who Barraged Rowland With Criticism". The New York Times. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
  13. ^ Lender, Jon (May 22, 1997). "SURPLUS GEAR WENT TO ROWLAND'S CHILDREN, STAFF". courant.com. Hartford Courant. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
  14. ^ "Governor Rowland: Governor John G. Rowland Biography". www.ct.gov. Retrieved December 21, 2020.
  15. ^ News Item Archived سبتمبر 28, 2007 at the Wayback Machine, New Haven Register.
  16. ^ Public Safety Performance Archived نوفمبر 27, 2007 at the Wayback Machine produced by the Pew Center on the States.
  17. ^ Parole Archived سبتمبر 29, 2007 at the Wayback Machine at Courant.com
  18. ^ أ ب ت ث ج Burns, Peter. trincoll.edu (PDF) https://www.trincoll.edu/UrbanGlobal/CUGS/Faculty/research/Documents/The%20Intergovernmental%20Regime%20and%20Public%20Policy%20in%20Hartford,%20Connecticut.pdf. Retrieved 14 April 2020. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  19. ^ Altimari, Dave (June 21, 2004). "Rowland's Troubles Began Two Years Ago With Subpoena Delivered To His Office About State Contract With Tomasso". chicagotribune.com. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 21 May 2019.
  20. ^ Christoffersen, John (September 26, 2004). "Bill Tomasso's fortunes soared with Rowland's". The Register Citizen. Retrieved 3 June 2019.
  21. ^ [1] | April 28, 2015 | Settlement reached in 2003 Connecticut layoff lawsuit | SUSAN HAIGH Associated Press | [2]
  22. ^ G. Rowland News: Topical Coverage, New York Times
  23. ^ Mehren, Elizabeth (December 21, 2003). "Hot Seat Is Getting Hotter for Governor". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 21 May 2019.
  24. ^ Michael Powell, Washington Post Staff Writer (June 22, 2004). "Connecticut Governor Resigns, Rowland Was Facing Impeachment Move". washingtonpost.com.
  25. ^ Jonathan Finer, Washington Post Staff Writer (December 24, 2004). "Former Connecticut Governor Pleads Guilty, Rowland Accepted Thousands of Dollars in Trips and Home Improvements While in Office". washingtonpost.com.
  26. ^ "Embattled Conn.governor resigns". NBC News (in الإنجليزية). Associated Press. Retrieved 2 January 2023.
  27. ^ Edition, Print (June 24, 2004). "A tale of a hot-tub". The Economist. Retrieved 21 May 2019.
  28. ^ First Lady Patty Rowland's poem at The New York Times.
  29. ^ "Former Connecticut Governor Pleads Guilty (washingtonpost.com)". www.washingtonpost.com. Retrieved December 21, 2020.
  30. ^ "Ex-Gov. Rowland Pleads Guilty to Corruption". foxnews.com. Associated Press. January 14, 2015.
  31. ^ أ ب ت ث Rowland Recounts Lessons Learned Hartford Courant, by Valerie Finholm, Courant staff writer July 2, 2006.
  32. ^ Former Conn. governor makes his first speech after prison by Ray Henry, Associated Press Writer, July 1, 2006, accessed from Web site of the Boston Globe on July 2, 2006.
  33. ^ Rowland now a homeowner in Middlebury at Boston.com
  34. ^ A Look Back, And Up: An Ex-Gov. and Ex-Con Reflects on Three Terms In Office and One in Jail, June 16, 2007, Washington Post.
  35. ^ Rell on Rowland and the Budget Archived سبتمبر 28, 2007 at the Wayback Machine, June 18, 2007.
  36. ^ "Rowland Job". Archived from the original on January 25, 2008. Retrieved December 21, 2020.
  37. ^ For Rowland, Second Chance of a Lifetime, by Woody Hochschwender, The New York Times, February 24, 2008.
  38. ^ "EDITORIAL: Did Rowland have no-show job, or is Waterbury violating FOIA? | Connecticut 5th District". Archived from the original on أبريل 7, 2014. Retrieved أبريل 4, 2014.
  39. ^ "John Rowland « CBS Connecticut". Archived from the original on September 9, 2012. Retrieved 2012-09-09.
  40. ^ "WTIC Airs Rowland's Show Despite Calls To The Contrary". CT News Junkie. April 2014. Retrieved December 21, 2020.
  41. ^ KEATING, CHRISTOPHER (July 7, 2011). "Rowland Apologizes For Calling Malloy A Pathological Liar". courant.com. Retrieved December 21, 2020.
  42. ^ Dixon, Ken (April 3, 2014). ""You Can't Make This Stuff Up?" Rowland's "personal issues" pile up. He leaves WTIC amid guilty pleas for conspiracy in which he was the alleged third party". Ken Dixon's Blog-O-Rama. Retrieved December 21, 2020.
  43. ^ Mahony, Edmund H.; Lender, Jon (March 31, 2014). "Foleys Plead Guilty In Campaign Scheme Linked To Rowland". Hartford Courant. Retrieved December 21, 2020.
  44. ^ Weinzel, Richard (September 8, 2014). "Ex-Connecticut Governor Rowland cut phony consulting deal: witness". Reuters. Retrieved 11 September 2014.
  45. ^ Weizel, Richard (September 15, 2014). "Connecticut ex-governor opens defense in campaign law trial". Reuters. Retrieved 15 September 2014.
  46. ^ Tom Carson, U.S. ATTORNEY'S OFFICE, District of Connecticut (March 18, 2015). "Former Governor Sentenced To 30 Months In Prison For Illegal Activity In Two Congressional Campaigns". justice.gov.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  47. ^ أ ب Mahony, Edmund H. (March 18, 2015). "Ex-Governor John Rowland Sentenced To 30 Months In Prison". Hartford Courant. Retrieved December 21, 2020.
  48. ^ "Former Gov. John Rowland released from federal custody". Connecticut Post. May 26, 2018. Retrieved December 21, 2020.
  49. ^ https://www.ctpost.com/local/article/John-Rowland-s-new-gig-wedding-salesman-7235051.php قالب:Bare URL inline
  50. ^ https://www.ctinsider.com/shoreline/article/Former-Gov-Rowland-buys-historic-home-in-Clinton-17483613.php قالب:Bare URL inline
  51. ^ "Former Governor Rowland Buys Historic Clinton Home: Report". Clinton, CT Patch (in الإنجليزية). 2022-10-05. Retrieved 2024-08-22.

وصلات خارجية

Connecticut House of Representatives
سبقه
Natalie Rapoport 		Member of the Connecticut House of Representatives
from the 73rd district
1981–1985 		تبعه
Joan Hartley
مجلس النواب الأمريكي
سبقه
William R. Ratchford 		Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Connecticut's 5th congressional district
1985–1991 		تبعه
Gary Franks
ألقاب فخرية.
سبقه
Chris Perkins 		Baby of the House
1985–1990 		تبعه
Susan Molinari
مناصب حزبية
سبقه
Julie Belaga 		Republican nominee for Governor of Connecticut
1990, 1994, 1998, 2002 		تبعه
Jodi Rell
سبقه
Tom Ridge 		Chair of the Republican Governors Association
2001–2002 		تبعه
Bill Owens
مناصب سياسية
سبقه
Lowell Weicker 		Governor of Connecticut
1995–2004 		تبعه
Jodi Rell
ترتيب الأولوية في الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية
سبقه
Martha McSally
بصفته Former US Senator 		Order of precedence of the United States
Within Connecticut 		تبعه
Jodi Rell
بصفته Former Governor
سبقه
Nathan Deal
بصفته Former Governor 		Order of precedence of the United States
Outside Connecticut
تمّ الاسترجاع من "https://www.marefa.org/w/index.php?title=جون_رولاند&oldid=4044487"