جمهورية شقيقة

1799 caricature, in which the Prussian ("God, how it grows; It's terrifying"), Russian ("That should be good to eat"), and Austrian ("Don't touch, my friend, it's poisonous") monarchs watch how republics spring up like mushrooms around France, spreading towards other European capitals.

الجمهورية الشقيقة (فرنسية: république sœur) هي جمهورية أسستها الجيوش الفرنسية أو الثوريون المحليون وساعدتها الجمهورية الفرنسية الأولى أثناء الحروب الثورية الفرنسية. These republics, though nominally independent, relied heavily on France for protection, making them more akin to autonomous territories rather than independent states. This became particularly evident after the declaration of the French Empire, when several states were annexed, and the remaining turned into monarchies ruled by members of the Bonaparte family.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

التاريخ

The French Revolution was a period of social and political upheaval in France from 1789 until 1799. The Republicans who overthrew the monarchy were driven by ideas of popular sovereignty, rule of law and representative democracy. The Republicans borrowed ideas and values from Whiggism and Enlightenment philosophers. The French Republic supported the spread of republican principles in Europe. According to Paul D. Van Wie most of these sister republics became a means of controlling occupied lands as client regimes through a mix of French and local power.^[1]

الجمهوريات الشقيقة في إيطاليا

Subalpine Republic (1800–1802) ضمتها الجمهورية الفرنسية
- Piedmontese Republic (1798–1799), conquered by Austro-Russian troops and rendered back to Sardinia, but reconquered by Napoleon in 1800 and renamed Subalpine Republic (Novara to the Italian Republic)
  - جمهورية ألبا (1796) استعادتها مملكة سردينيا
Parthenopean Republic (1799) reconquered by the Sanfedisti لملك ناپولي وصقلية
- جمهورية پسكاريا (1799) re-united with the مملكة ناپولي
الجمهورية الرومانية (1798–1799) ended مع استعادة الدويلات الپاپوية
- Anconine Republic (1797–1798) joined Roman Republic
- Tiberina Republic (1798–1799) joined Roman Republic
Ligurian Republic (1797–1805) annexed to the French Empire
جمهورية لوكا (1799 and 1800–01), later continued (1801–05) under the old oligarchy and it was replaced by the Principality of Lucca and Piombino
Italian Republic (1802–1805) transformed into the مملكة إيطاليا
- Cisalpine Republic (1797–1802) transformed into the Italian Republic
  - Cispadane Republic (1796–1797) formed the Cisalpine Republic
    - الجمهورية البولونية (1796) annexed to the Cispadane Republic
  - Transpadane Republic (1796–1797) formed the Cisalpine Republic
  - جمهورية كريما (1797) شكلت the Cisalpine Republic
  - جمهورية برگامو (1797) formed the Cisalpine Republic
  - Republic of Brescia (1797) annexed to the Cisalpine Republic