تراي‌ميثوپرم

إ

تراي‌ميثوپرم
Trimethoprim.png
البيانات السريرية
فئة السلامة
أثناء الحمل
مسارات
الدواء		Oral
رمز ATC
الحالة القانونية
الحالة القانونية
  • AU: S4 (Prescription only)
  • UK: POM (Prescription only)
بيانات الحركية الدوائية
التوافر الحيوي90–100%
الأيضعن طريق الكبد
Elimination half-life8–10 hours
الإخراجrenal 50–60%
المعرفات
رقم CAS
PubChem CID
DrugBank
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.010.915 Edit this at Wikidata
Chemical and physical data
التركيبC14H18N4O3
الكتلة المولية290.32 g/mol

تراي‌ميثوپرم هو INN يستعمل غالبا للوقاية والعلاج من إلتهابات المسالك البولية, وهو ينتمى الى مجموعة الكيمائيات الدوائية [[dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors. وقد سوق تحت أسماء Proloprim, Monotrim وتراي‌پرم وقد رخصت تلك الأسماء لشركات مصنعة عديدة.وفى الإستعمال العام تختصر تلك الأسماء الى TRI or TMP. ويختصر لدى المختبرات ب W


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آلية العمل

Tetrahydrofolate synthesis pathway

Trimethoprim acts by interfering with the action of bacterial dihydrofolate reductase, inhibiting synthesis of tetrahydrofolic acid. Tetrahydrofolic acid is an essential precursor in the de novo synthesis of the DNA nucleotide thymidine. Bacteria are unable to take up folic acid from the environment (i.e. the infection host) and are thus dependent on their own de novo synthesis. Inhibition of the enzyme starves the bacteria of nucleotides necessary for DNA replication.


كو-تراىموكسازول

[1] [2]

,[3][4][5][6] and side effects of antibacterial sulfonamides. As a consequence, the use of co-trimoxazole was restricted in 1995 [7] following the availability of trimethoprim (not in combination) in 1980. With its greater efficacy against a limited number of bacteria, Co-trimoxazole remains indicated for some infections; for example, it is used as prophylaxis in patients at risk for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (e.g. AIDS patients and those with some hematological malignancies) and as therapy in Whipple's disease.

دواعى استعمال سريرية

تفاعلات ومضادات إستعمال

.[8] It may be involved in a reaction similar to disulfiram when alcohol is consumed after it is used, particularly when used in combination with sulfamethoxazole.[9][10]

الهوامش

  1. ^ Brumfitt W, Hamilton-Miller JM (1993). "Reassessment of the rationale for the combinations of sulphonamides with diaminopyrimidines". J Chemother. 5 (6): 465–9. PMID 8195839. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  2. ^ Brumfitt W, Hamilton-Miller JM (1994). "Limitations of and indications for the use of co-trimoxazole". J Chemother. 6 (1): 3–11. PMID 8071675. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  3. ^ Bean DC, Livermore DM, Papa I, Hall LM (2005). "Resistance among Escherichia coli to sulphonamides and other antimicrobials now little used in man". J Antimicrob Chemother. 56 (5): 962–4. doi:10.1093/jac/dki332. PMID 16150859. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  4. ^ Felmingham D, Reinert RR, Hirakata Y, Rodloff A (2002). "Increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae from the PROTEKT surveillance study, and compatative in vitro activity of the ketolide, telithromycin". J Antimicrob Chemother. 50 (Suppl S1): 25–37. doi:10.1093/jac/dkf808. PMID 12239226. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |doi_brokendate= ignored (|doi-broken-date= suggested) (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  5. ^ Johnson JR, Manges AR, O'Bryan TT, Riley LW (2002). "A disseminated multidrug-resistant clonal group of uropathogenic Escherichia coli in pyelonephritis". Lancet. 359 (9325): 2249–51. PMID 12103291. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. ^ Lawrenson RA, Logie JW (2001). "Antibiotic failure in the treatment of urinary tract infections in young women". J Antimicrob Chemother. 48 (6): 895–901. doi:10.1093/jac/48.6.895. PMID 11733475. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help) - suggest some small advantage in UTIs
  7. ^ "Co-trimoxazole use restricted". Drug Ther Bull. 33 (12): 92–3. 1995. doi:10.1136/dtb.1995.331292. PMID 8777892. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  8. ^ "Trimethoprim". netdoctor.co.uk.
  9. ^ Edwards DL, Fink PC, Van Dyke PO (1986). "Disulfiram-like reaction associated with intravenous trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and metronidazole". J Clinical pharmacy.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  10. ^ Heelon MW, White M (1998). "Disulfiram-cotrimoxazole reaction". J Pharmacotherapy.

الروابط الخاجية

قالب:Sulfonamides and trimethoprim

  • المصدر en-wikipedia [1]
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