بيوجت ساوند

	Puget Sound ('WulcH[بحاجة لمصدر])
	Puget Sound – MODIS image
	Named for: Peter Puget
البلد	United States
State	Washington
المنطقة	Puget Sound Lowlands
المدن	Seattle, Tacoma, Washington, Olympia, Everett, Bremerton
الأنهار	Deschutes River, Nisqually River, Puyallup River, Duwamish River, Cedar River, Snohomish River, Stillaguamish River, Skagit River, Skokomish River
الاحداثيات	47°36′N 122°24′W / 47.6°N 122.4°W
الطول	100 mi (161 km)
الاتساع	10 mi (16 km)
Depth	930 ft (283 m)
Volume	26.5 cu mi (110 km3)
الحوض	12,138 sq mi (31,437 km2)
المساحة	1,020 sq mi (2,642 km2)
التدفق
- المتوسط	41,000 cu ft/s (1,161 m3/s)
- الأقصى	367,000 cu ft/s (10,392 m3/s)
- الأدنى	14,000 cu ft/s (396 m3/s)

Puget Sound /ˈpjuːdʒɪt/ is a sound along the northwestern coast of the U.S. state of Washington, an inlet of the Pacific Ocean, and part of the Salish Sea. It is a complex estuarine^[3] system of interconnected marine waterways and basins, with one major and two minor connections to the open Pacific Ocean via the Strait of Juan de Fuca—Admiralty Inlet being the major connection and Deception Pass and Swinomish Channel being the minor. Flow through Deception Pass is approximately equal to 2% of the total tidal exchange between Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca.^[1] Puget Sound extends approximately 100 miles (160 km) from Deception Pass in the north to Olympia, Washington in the south. Its average depth is 450 feet (140 m)^[4] and its maximum depth, off Point Jefferson between Indianola and Kingston, is 930 feet (280 m). The depth of the main basin, between the southern tip of Whidbey Island and Tacoma, Washington, is approximately 600 feet (180 m).^[1]

Since 2009, the term Salish Sea has been established by the United States Board on Geographic Names as the collective waters of Puget Sound, the Strait of Juan de Fuca, and the Strait of Georgia. Sometimes the terms "Puget Sound" and "Puget Sound and adjacent waters" are used for not only Puget Sound proper but also for waters to the north, such as Bellingham Bay and the San Juan Islands region.^[5]

The term "Puget Sound" is used not just for the body of water but also the Puget Sound region centered on the sound. Major cities on the sound include Seattle, Tacoma, Olympia, and Everett, Washington.

Puget Sound is also the second largest estuary in the United States, behind Chesapeake Bay.^[6]

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Names

In 1792 George Vancouver gave the name "Puget's Sound" to the waters south of the Tacoma Narrows, in honor of Peter Puget, a Huguenot lieutenant accompanying him on the Vancouver Expedition. This name later came to be used for the waters north of Tacoma Narrows as well.^[7]

جيولوجيا

Snowcapped peaks are a backdrop to many Puget Sound scenes؛ وهنا جبل رينيير كما يظهر من ميناء گيگ.

Hydrology

Low tide on Whidbey Island

Flora and fauna

Double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus)

History

U.S. Coast Survey nautical chart of Puget Sound, Washington Territory, 1867

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Puget Sound, Washington

George Vancouver explored Puget Sound in 1792. Vancouver claimed it for Great Britain on 4 June 1792, naming it for one of his officers, Lieutenant Peter Puget.^[8]

After 1818 Britain and the United States, which both claimed the Oregon Country, agreed to "joint occupancy", deferring resolution of the Oregon boundary dispute until the 1846 Oregon Treaty. Puget Sound was part of the disputed region until 1846, after which it became US territory.

Prominent islands

References

^ ^أ ^ب ^ت ^ث ^ج ^ح ^خ Lincoln, John H. "The Puget Sound Model Summary". Pacific Science Center. Retrieved 6 أغسطس 2014.
^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة WBD
^ "Basic Information about Estuaries". United States Environmental Protection Agency. Retrieved 6 أغسطس 2014.
^ "Saving the Sound". ecy.wa.gov. Washington State Department of Ecology. Retrieved 6 أغسطس 2014.
^ Kruckeberg, Arthur R. (1991). The Natural History of Puget Sound Country. Seattle: University of Washington Press. pp. 61–64. ISBN 0-295-97477-X.
^ "Saving Puget Sound". Washington State Department of Ecology. Retrieved 15 يونيو 2016.
^ Kruckeberg, Arthur R. (1991). The Natural History of Puget Sound Country. Seattle: University of Washington Press. pp. 427–428. ISBN 0-295-97477-X.
^ Hayes, Derek (1999). Historical atlas of the Pacific Northwest: maps of exploration and discovery : British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, Alaska, Yukon. Sasquatch Books. pp. 85–86. ISBN 978-1-57061-215-2. Retrieved 6 أغسطس 2014.

للاستزادة

Jones, M.A. (1999). Geologic framework for the Puget Sound aquifer system, Washington and British Columbia (U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1424). Reston, VA: U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey.
LeWarne, Charles P. (1995). Utopias on Puget Sound, 1885–1915. University of Washington Press. ISBN 9780295974446.
Prosser, William Farrand (1903). A history of the Puget Sound country : its resources, its commerce and its people : with some reference to discoveries and explorations in North America from the time of Christopher Columbus down to that of George Vancouver in 1792, when the beauty, richness and vast commercial advantages of this region were first made known to the world. Lewis Pub. Co.Available online through the Washington State Library's Classics in Washington History collection

وصلات خارجية

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Puget Sound.

University of Washington Libraries Digital Collections – Oliver S. Van Olinda Photographs A collection of 420 photographs depicting life on Vashon Island, Whidbey Island, Seattle, and other communities of Washington State's Puget Sound from the 1880s through the 1930s.
Pacific Science Center: Geology of Puget Sound
USGS:Puget Sound earthquake origins
Life on Whidbey Island, the largest in Puget Sound
Features of Puget Sound Region: Oceanography And Physical Processes, Chapter 3 of the State of the Nearshore Report, King County Department of Natural Resources, Seattle, Washington, 2001.

قالب:Lake Washington Ship Canal

خطأ لوا في وحدة:Authority_control على السطر 278: attempt to call field '_showMessage' (a nil value).

[pacsci-1] أ ^ب ^ت ^ث ^ج ^ح ^خ Lincoln, John H. "The Puget Sound Model Summary". Pacific Science Center. Retrieved 6 أغسطس 2014.

[WBD-2] خطأ استشهاد: وسم <ref> غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماة WBD

[epaest-3] "Basic Information about Estuaries". United States Environmental Protection Agency. Retrieved 6 أغسطس 2014.

[4] "Saving the Sound". ecy.wa.gov. Washington State Department of Ecology. Retrieved 6 أغسطس 2014.

[Kruckeberg-1991-pp61-64-5] Kruckeberg, Arthur R. (1991). The Natural History of Puget Sound Country. Seattle: University of Washington Press. pp. 61–64. ISBN 0-295-97477-X.

[6] "Saving Puget Sound". Washington State Department of Ecology. Retrieved 15 يونيو 2016.

[7] Kruckeberg, Arthur R. (1991). The Natural History of Puget Sound Country. Seattle: University of Washington Press. pp. 427–428. ISBN 0-295-97477-X.

[Hayes1999-8] Hayes, Derek (1999). Historical atlas of the Pacific Northwest: maps of exploration and discovery : British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, Alaska, Yukon. Sasquatch Books. pp. 85–86. ISBN 978-1-57061-215-2. Retrieved 6 أغسطس 2014.

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