بولون-بيانكور

Coordinates: 48°50′07″N 2°14′27″E / 48.83520°N 02.2409°E / 48.83520; 02.2409
لمعلومات عن الأماكن الأخرى المعروفة بإسم بولون، انظر بولون (توضيح).
بولون-بيانكور
Boulogne-Billancourt
Subprefecture و commune
كنيسة سيدتنا في بولون-بيانكور
كنيسة سيدتنا في بولون-بيانكور
درع بولون-بيانكور Boulogne-Billancourt
Coat of arms
پاريس وأقاليم الحلقة الداخلية
پاريس وأقاليم الحلقة الداخلية
Location of بولون-بيانكور
Boulogne-Billancourt
بولون-بيانكور Boulogne-Billancourt is located in فرنسا
بولون-بيانكور Boulogne-Billancourt
بولون-بيانكور
Boulogne-Billancourt
پاريس وأقاليم الحلقة الداخلية
بولون-بيانكور Boulogne-Billancourt is located in إيل دو فرانس (منطقة)
بولون-بيانكور Boulogne-Billancourt
بولون-بيانكور
Boulogne-Billancourt
بولون-بيانكور
Boulogne-Billancourt (إيل دو فرانس (منطقة))
الإحداثيات: 48°50′07″N 2°14′27″E / 48.83520°N 02.2409°E / 48.83520; 02.2409
البلدفرنسا
المنطقةإيل دو فرانس (منطقة)
الإقليمHauts-de-Seine
الدائرةبولون-بيانكور
الكانتونبولون-بيانكور-1 و 2
بين‌التجمعاتپاريس الكبرى
الحكومة
 • العمدة (2008–2020) Pierre-Christophe Baguet
المساحة
1
6٫17 كم² (2٫38 ميل²)
التعداد
 (يناير 2019)
121٬583
 • الكثافة20٬000/km2 (51٬000/sq mi)
منطقة التوقيتUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
INSEE/الرمز البريدي
92012 /92100
المنسوب28–40 m (92–131 ft)
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

بولون-بيانكور (Boulogne-Billancourt ؛ النطق الفرنسي: [bulɔɲ bijɑ̃kuʁ]؛ كثيراً ما تسمى بالدارجة ببساطة بولون، حتى 1924 بولون-على-السين Boulogne-sur-Seine) هي commune in the western suburbs, and 8 km (5.0 mi) from the centre, of the French capital Paris. Boulogne-Billancourt is a subprefecture of the Hauts-de-Seine department and the seat of the Arrondissement of Boulogne-Billancourt.

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الوضع

View from Issy – Val de Seine RER C station in the Val de Seine business district.

With an average household income in 2013 of €47,592, nearly twice the French average of €25,548, Boulogne-Billancourt is one of the wealthiest cities in France.[1]

Boulogne-Billancourt is the most populous suburb of Paris and one of the most densely populated municipalities in Europe.[بحاجة لمصدر] Formerly an important industrial site, it has successfully reconverted into business services and is now home to major communication companies headquartered in the Val de Seine business district.


الاسم

The original name of the commune was Boulogne-sur-Seine (meaning "Boulogne upon السين").

Before the 14th century, Boulogne was a small village called Menuls-lès-Saint-Cloud (meaning "Menuls near Saint-Cloud"). In the beginning of the 14th century, King Philip IV of France ordered the building in Menuls-lès-Saint-Cloud of a church dedicated to the virgin of the sanctuary of Boulogne-sur-Mer, then a famous pilgrimage center in northern France. The church, meant to become a pilgrimage centre closer to Paris than the distant city of Boulogne-sur-Mer, was named Notre-Dame de Boulogne la Petite ("Our Lady of Boulogne the Minor"). Gradually, the village of Menuls-lès-Saint-Cloud became known as Boulogne-la-Petite, and later as Boulogne-sur-Seine.

In 1924, Boulogne-sur-Seine was officially renamed Boulogne-Billancourt to reflect the development of the industrial neighbourhood of Billancourt annexed in 1860 (see history section below).

As for the name Billancourt, it was recorded for the first time in 1150 as Bullencort, sometimes also spelled Bollencort. It comes from Medieval Latin cortem, accusative of cors, meaning "enclosure", "estate", suffixed to the Germanic patronym Buolo (meaning "friend, brother, kinsman"), thus having the meaning of "estate of Buolo".

التاريخ

On 1 January 1860, the city of Paris was enlarged by annexing neighbouring communes. On that occasion, the communes of Auteuil and Passy were disbanded and divided between Boulogne-Billancourt (then called Boulogne-sur-Seine) and the city of Paris. Boulogne-sur-Seine received a small part of the territory of Passy, and about half of the territory of Auteuil (including the area of Billancourt, which belonged to the disbanded commune of Auteuil).

Some of the shooting events of the 1900 Summer Olympics took place in Boulogne-Billancourt.[2]

In 1929, the Bois de Boulogne, which was hitherto divided between the communes of Boulogne-Billancourt and Neuilly-sur-Seine, was annexed in its entirety by the city of Paris. On that occasion, Boulogne-Billancourt, to which most of the Bois de Boulogne belonged, lost about half of its territory.

Boulogne-Billancourt is known for being the birthplace of three major French industries. It was the location, in 1906 for the very first aircraft factory, that of Appareils d'Aviation Les Freres Voisin,[3] which was then followed by those of many other aviation pioneers, and the tradition continues with several aviation related companies still operating in the area. The automobile industry had a large presence with Renault on Île Seguin, and Salmson building both cars and aircraft engines. Finally, the French film industry started here and, from 1922 to 1992 it was the home of the Billancourt Studios, and since becoming a major location for French film production. It was used as the setting of the TV show Code Lyoko.

الحضر

  • The ecologic neighborhood of the Trapèze in Boulogne-Billancourt: the district stands on 74ha and will be able to contain up to 18000 inhabitants at the end of its construction. 65% of the district's energy is brought by geothermal power, which heats and freshens the buildings. Solar panels and a vegetable greenhouse were installed in the aim to link the district to sustainable energies.Bicycle and “soft” travels will of course be put first to reduce the pollution caused by cars, and others vehicles which do not run on electricity.[4]
  • The Ambroise Paré Hospital is located in the city.

الادارة

With the city of Sèvres, Boulogne-Billancourt is part of the communauté d'agglomération Val de Seine.

المواصلات

Boulogne-Billancourt is served by two stations on Paris Métro Line 10: Boulogne – Jean Jaurès and Boulogne – Pont de Saint-Cloud.

It is also served by three stations on Paris Métro Line 9: Marcel Sembat, Billancourt, and Pont de Sèvres.

الاقتصاد

Boulogne-Billancourt hosts the global headquarters of several multinational companies, including:

Prior to 2000 Schneider Electric's head office was in Boulogne-Billancourt.[10]

المعالم الرئيسية

  • The Musée Albert-Kahn at 14, rue du Port, Boulogne-Billancourt is a national museum and includes four hectares of gardens, joining together landscape scenes of various national traditions. The museum also includes historic photographs and film.
  • The Musée des Années Trente is a museum of artistic and industrial objects from the 1930s.

Education

The public collèges (middle schools) in the commune include Jacqueline-Auriol, Bartholdi, Paul-Landowski, and Jean-Renoir. The public high schools are the Lycée Jacques-Prévert and the Lycée polyvalent Étienne-Jules-Marey.[11] Prior to the September 1968 opening of Prévert, the first high school/sixth-form in Boulogne, an annex of Lycée La Fontaine served the city.[12]

The private school Groupe Scolaire Maïmonide Rambam covers maternelle through lycée. There is also the private high school Notre-Dame. The latter's performance and ranking in Boulogne-Billancourt are given by its success of baccalaureate rate in different series. According to the ranking of L'Express in 2015, the national rank of Notre-Dame de Boulogne was 170 out of 2301 and 7 out of 52 at department level. The private schools Dupanloup and Saint-Joseph-du-Parchamp serve maternelle through collège. Private maternelle and élémentaire schools include Saint-Alexandre and Saint-François d’Assise. Jardin de Solférino and La Maison de l'Enfant are private maternelles.[13]

The Association Eveil Japon (エベイユ学園 Ebeiyu Gakuen), a supplementary Japanese education program, is located in Boulogne-Billancourt.[14]

أبرز الأشخاص

Boulogne-Billancourt was the birthplace of:


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العلاقات الدولية

البلدات التوأم — المدن الشقيقة

انظر أيضاً: List of twin towns and sister cities in France

بولون-بيانكور متوأمة مع:

انظر أيضاً

المراجع

  1. ^ "Salaire à Boulogne-Billancourt (92100, Hauts-de-Seine)" (in French). JDN. Retrieved 2016-06-20.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  2. ^ "1900 Summer Olympics official report" (PDF) (in French). La84foundation.org. p. 16. Retrieved November 14, 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  3. ^ Davilla, Dr. James J.; Soltan, Arthur (1997). French Aircraft of the First World War. Mountain View, CA: Flying Machines Press. p. 541. ISBN 978-1891268090.
  4. ^ Samuel, Mikaëla (2013-09-13). ""Boulogne, le plus grand écoquartier de France"". Le Figaro (in الفرنسية). ISSN 0182-5852. Retrieved 2017-05-12.
  5. ^ "Contact Us". Alcatel-Lucent. Retrieved March 18, 2015.
  6. ^ "Legal Infos". Carrefour. Archived from the original on April 30, 2012. Retrieved May 3, 2012. "This site is published by Carrefour, a limited company (société anonyme) capitalised at €1,698,340,000, headquartered at 33, avenue Émile Zola, 92100 Boulogne Billancourt, [...]"
  7. ^ "FAQ". Pika Édition. Archived from the original on June 14, 2011. Retrieved May 1, 2011.
  8. ^ "Boulogne-Billancourt - RSAS". Renault. Archived from the original on September 23, 2009. Retrieved September 22, 2009.
  9. ^ "Vallourec: Contact Us". Vallourec. Retrieved 2017-07-09.
  10. ^ "Schneider-Electric s'est installé chez une filiale" (in French). journaldunet.com. Retrieved July 8, 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  11. ^ "L'ENSEIGNEMENT DU SECOND DEGRÉ" (Archive). Commune of Boulogne-Billancourt. Retrieved on 16 May 2014.
  12. ^ "Naissance du lycée Archived 2016-09-18 at the Wayback Machine." Lycée Jacques-Prévert. Retrieved on September 9, 2016.
  13. ^ "L'ENSEIGNEMENT PRIVÉ" (Archive). Commune of Boulogne-Billancourt. Retrieved on 16 May 2014.
  14. ^ "欧州の補習授業校一覧（平成25年4月15日現在）" (Archive). Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT). Retrieved on May 10, 2014. "エベイユ Association Eveil Japon 27 rue de Serves 92100Boulogne-Billancourt, France"
  15. ^ "British towns twinned with French towns [via WaybackMachine.com]". Archant Community Media Ltd. Archived from the original on 5 July 2013. Retrieved 2013-07-20.
  16. ^ "Ra'anana: Twin towns & Sister cities - Friends around the World". raanana.muni.il. Archived from the original on 30 April 2010. Retrieved 24 March 2010.

وصلات خارجية

معرفة المصادر بها نص من the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica مقالة Boulogne-sur-Seine.

قالب:Boulogne-Billancourt

قالب:Hauts-de-Seine communes قالب:Cities in France قالب:1900 Summer Olympic venues قالب:Olympic venues shooting

الكلمات الدالة:
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