اومايكرون (حرف إغريقي)

أبجدية إغريقية
Α α ألفا	Ν ν نو
Β β ϐ بـِتا	Ξ ξ كساي
Γ γ گاما	Ο ο اومايكرون
Δ δ دلتا	Π π ϖ پاي
Ε ε إپسيلون	Ρ ρ ϱ رو
Ζ ζ زيتا	Σ σ ς سـِگما
Η η إتا	Τ τ تاو
Θ θ ϑ ثـِتا	Υ ϒ υ اوپسيلون
Ι ι أيوتا	Φ φ ϕ فاي
Κ κ ϰ كپا	Χ χ كاي
Λ λ لامدا	Ψ ψ پساي
Μ μ ميو	Ω ω اومـِگا
حروف بائدة
Ϝ ϝ ديگاما	قپا
Ϻ ϻ سان	سامپي
حروف أخرى
Ϛ ϛ ستيگما	Ϸ ϸ شو
هـِتا	J ȷ يت
	تشكيل الحروف الإغريقية

اوميكرون (باليونانية:ὂ μικρόν) هو أحد حروف الأبجدية الإغريقية, يأخذ الحرف شكلين الكبير (Ο) والصغير (ο). وهو الحرف الخامس عشر من حروف الابجدية اليونانية.

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الفلك

وفى حقل الفلك يشير هذا الحرف الى النجم الخامس عشر من حيث السطوع في كوكبة من الكوكبات السماوية ومثاله أوميكرون قطيس والمعروف (بأعجوبة قطيس) Omicron is used to designate the fifteenth star in a constellation group, its ordinal placement an irregular function of both magnitude and position.^[1]^[2] Such stars include Omicron Andromedae, Omicron Ceti, and Omicron Persei.

In Claudius Ptolemy's (100–170 ح. 100–170 ) Almagest, tables of sexagesimal numbers 1 ... 59 are represented in the conventional manner^[أ] for Greek numbers: $'α$ ... $'νθ$ . Since the letter omicron [which represents 70 (′ο) in the standard system] is not used in sexagesimal, it is re-purposed to represent an empty number cell. In some renditions the cell was just left blank (nothing there = value is zero), but to avoid copying errors, positively marking a zero cell with omicron was preferred, in the same way that blank cells in modern tables are filled with a dash (—). Both an omicron and a dash imply that "this isn't a mistake, the cell is actually supposed to be empty". By coincidence, the ancient zero-value omicron ( $ο$ ) resembles a modern Hindu-Arabic zero (0).

تسميات

On November 26, 2021, the World Health Organization declared a new variant of concern of COVID-19, named Omicron according to the WHO naming system. The B.1.1.529 variant was first sequenced in South Africa on November 24, 2021.^[3]

تكويدات الحرف

Greek Omicron / Coptic O^[4]

الحرف	Ο		ο		Ⲟ		ⲟ
Unicode name	GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMICRON		GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON		COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER O		COPTIC SMALL LETTER O
Encodings	decimal	hex	decimal	hex	decimal	hex	decimal	hex
يونيكود	927	U+039F	959	U+03BF	11422	U+2C9E	11423	U+2C9F
UTF-8	206 159	CE 9F	206 191	CE BF	226 178 158	E2 B2 9E	226 178 159	E2 B2 9F
Numeric character reference	Ο	Ο	ο	ο	Ⲟ	Ⲟ	ⲟ	ⲟ
Named character reference	Ο		ο
DOS Greek	142	8E	166	A6
DOS Greek-2	190	BE	233	E9
Windows 1253	207	CF	239	EF

Mathematical Omicron^[5]

These characters are used only as mathematical symbols. Stylized Greek text should be encoded using the normal Greek letters, with markup and formatting to indicate text style.

الحرف	𝚶		𝛐		𝛰		𝜊		𝜪		𝝄
Unicode name	MATHEMATICAL BOLD CAPITAL OMICRON		MATHEMATICAL BOLD SMALL OMICRON		MATHEMATICAL ITALIC CAPITAL OMICRON		MATHEMATICAL ITALIC SMALL OMICRON		MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL OMICRON		MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC SMALL OMICRON
Encodings	decimal	hex	decimal	hex	decimal	hex	decimal	hex	decimal	hex	decimal	hex
يونيكود	120502	U+1D6B6	120528	U+1D6D0	120560	U+1D6F0	120586	U+1D70A	120618	U+1D72A	120644	U+1D744
UTF-8	240 157 154 182	F0 9D 9A B6	240 157 155 144	F0 9D 9B 90	240 157 155 176	F0 9D 9B B0	240 157 156 138	F0 9D 9C 8A	240 157 156 170	F0 9D 9C AA	240 157 157 132	F0 9D 9D 84
Numeric character reference	𝚶	𝚶	𝛐	𝛐	𝛰	𝛰	𝜊	𝜊	𝜪	𝜪	𝝄	𝝄

الحرف	𝝤		𝝾		𝞞		𝞸
Unicode name	MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD CAPITAL OMICRON		MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD SMALL OMICRON		MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL OMICRON		MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF BOLD ITALIC SMALL OMICRON
Encodings	decimal	hex	decimal	hex	decimal	hex	decimal	hex
يونيكود	120676	U+1D764	120702	U+1D77E	120734	U+1D79E	120760	U+1D7B8
UTF-8	240 157 157 164	F0 9D 9D A4	240 157 157 190	F0 9D 9D BE	240 157 158 158	F0 9D 9E 9E	240 157 158 184	F0 9D 9E B8
Numeric character reference	𝝤	𝝤	𝝾	𝝾	𝞞	𝞞	𝞸	𝞸

انظر أيضا

المصادر

مؤمن, عبد الأمير (2006). قاموس دار العلم الفلكي. بيروت، لبنان: دار العلم للملايين. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |طبعة أولى coauthors= (help)

ملاحظات

^ Sexagesimal Greek numbers in the Almagest are conventional: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 $= 'α 'β 'γ 'δ 'ε ' ϝ'ζ 'η 'θ$ . Notice that ancient digamma ( $ϝ$ ) is used for 6 instead of zeta ( $ζ$ , which is used for 7) ; 10 20 30 40 50 $= 'ι 'κ 'λ 'μ 'ν$ . Adjacent number-letters add, so all the other numbers are made by letter pairs, such as 29 30 31 $= 'κθ 'λ 'λα$ . The number 59 ( $'νθ$ ) is the largest value used in a single cell in sexagesimal. That leaves xi ( $ξ$ ) and the letters following it $ξ ο π ϙ ρ σ τ υ φ χ ψ ω ϡ$ free for other use: Ptolemy picked $ο$ , which normally was used for 70, to mark empty (zero) cells, perhaps because the word for "nothing", $οὐδέν$ starts with an omicron.

المراجع

^ Martin, Martha Evans (1907). The Friendly Stars (1st ed.). New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers. p. 135. Retrieved 8 February 2016.
^ Wilk, Stephen R. (2007). Medusa: Solving the Mystery of the Gorgon (1st ed.). New York, NY; London, UK: Oxford University Press. p. 201. ISBN 9780199887736. Retrieved 8 February 2016.
^ "Classification of Omicron (B.1.1.529): SARS-CoV-2 Variant of Concern". World Health Organization. Retrieved 26 November 2021.
^ "Greek and Coptic (Range: 0370–03FF)" (PDF). The Unicode Standard, Ver. 8.0. Unicode, Inc. 2015. Retrieved 8 February 2016.
^ "Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols (Range: 1D400–1D7FF)" (PDF). The Unicode Standard, Ver. 8.0. Unicode, Inc. 2015. Retrieved 8 February 2016.

هذه بذرة مقالة عن علم اللسانيات تحتاج للنمو والتحسين، ساهم في إثرائها بالمشاركة في تحريرها.

[why_omicron_is_available-3] Sexagesimal Greek numbers in the Almagest are conventional: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 $= 'α 'β 'γ 'δ 'ε ' ϝ'ζ 'η 'θ$ . Notice that ancient digamma ( $ϝ$ ) is used for 6 instead of zeta ( $ζ$ , which is used for 7) ; 10 20 30 40 50 $= 'ι 'κ 'λ 'μ 'ν$ . Adjacent number-letters add, so all the other numbers are made by letter pairs, such as 29 30 31 $= 'κθ 'λ 'λα$ . The number 59 ( $'νθ$ ) is the largest value used in a single cell in sexagesimal. That leaves xi ( $ξ$ ) and the letters following it $ξ ο π ϙ ρ σ τ υ φ χ ψ ω ϡ$ free for other use: Ptolemy picked $ο$ , which normally was used for 70, to mark empty (zero) cells, perhaps because the word for "nothing", $οὐδέν$ starts with an omicron.

[martin-1] Martin, Martha Evans (1907). The Friendly Stars (1st ed.). New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers. p. 135. Retrieved 8 February 2016.

[wilk-2] Wilk, Stephen R. (2007). Medusa: Solving the Mystery of the Gorgon (1st ed.). New York, NY; London, UK: Oxford University Press. p. 201. ISBN 9780199887736. Retrieved 8 February 2016.

[4] "Classification of Omicron (B.1.1.529): SARS-CoV-2 Variant of Concern". World Health Organization. Retrieved 26 November 2021.

[U0370-5] "Greek and Coptic (Range: 0370–03FF)" (PDF). The Unicode Standard, Ver. 8.0. Unicode, Inc. 2015. Retrieved 8 February 2016.

[U1D400-6] "Mathematical Alphanumeric Symbols (Range: 1D400–1D7FF)" (PDF). The Unicode Standard, Ver. 8.0. Unicode, Inc. 2015. Retrieved 8 February 2016.

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