الوقف الوطني للديمقراطية

يجب ألا يـُخلـَط بينها وبين the "Great Society" National Endowments for Arts and Humanities programs.
National Endowment for Democracy
تأسست18 نوفمبر 1983 (1983-11-18)
المؤسسCarl Gershman
Allen Weinstein[1]
النوع501(c)(3) non-profit
NGO
52-1344831
الموقع
الأصولU.S. Congress resolution H.R. 2915
منطقة الخدمة
Worldwide (outside United States)
الأشخاص البارزون
Damon Wilson (President)
الموقع الإلكترونيwww.ned.org Edit this at Wikidata
The President of the National Endowment for Democracy, Carl Gershman (second from the left), presents an award to a Tunisian leader of the Arab Spring in October 2011.

الوقف الوطني للديمقراطية National Endowment for Democracy، أو NED، هي هيئة غير ربحية أمريكية تأسست في 1983 لترويج ديمقراطية صديقة للولايات المتحدة بإعطاء منح مالية تـُموَّل أساساً عبر مخصصات سنوية من الكونگرس الأمريكي.[2] وبالرغم من إدارتها كمنظمة خاصة، فإن تمويلها يأتي بالكامل تقريباً من تخصيص حكومي من الكونگرس وقد تم إنشاؤه بقانون من الكونگرس. وبالإضافة لبرنامج المنح، يدعم الوقف ويستضيف جورنال الديمقراطية، الحركة العالمية للديمقراطية، المنتدى العالمي للدراسات الديمقراطية، برنامج زمالة ريگان-فاسل، شبكة معاهد أبحاث الديمقراطية، ومركز مساعدة الإعلام العالمي. ويـُتـَّهـَم الوقف من قِبل شخصيات يمينية ويسارية بالتدخل في الشئون الداخلية للأنظمة الأجنبية، وبكونه قد أقيم ليواصل بطريقة قانونية الأنشطة المحظورة التي كانت تقوم بها وكالة المخابرات المركزية لدعم جماعات سياسية مختارة في الخارج.[3]

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الأنشطة والاتهامات

شعارات جماعات معارضة ممولة من الوقف الوطني للديمقراطية
شعار حركة 6 أبريل.
شعار سابق للوقف الوطني للديمقراطية

الوقف الوطني للديمقراطية يمول بانتظام مرشحي المعارضة في انتخابات دول غير الولايات المتحدة. ويقول ألن واينستاين، أحد مؤسسي الوقف، "الكثير مما نقوم به اليوم [في الوقف] كانت تقوم به وكالة المخابرات المركزية من 25 سنة في الخفاء" [4].


جائزة الديمقراطية

قالب:Primary sources section The NED's Board of Directors gives an annual "Democracy Award" to recognize "individuals and organizations that have advanced the cause of human rights and democracy around the world":[5]

الفائزون

Year Theme Recipient Nationality Notes
2022 Pays tribute to Ukrainian civil society Anti-Corruption Action Center, Center for Civil Liberties, Public Interest Journalism Lab, Ukrainian Volunteer Service Ukraine "Ukraine's democratic development, led by its people and civil society, is key to the country's success—not only to Ukraine's defeat of Russian forces, but also to ensure Ukraine's democracy emerges stronger from this horrific war. These four organizations exemplify the heroic struggle, courage, and determination of millions of Ukrainians who risk everything to defend democracy and freedom."—NED President Damon Wilson[6]
2021 Pays tribute to Central American civil society Human Rights Collective Nicaragua Nunca Más (Nicaragua), Contracorriente (Honduras), The Myrna Mack Foundation (Guatemala), Transparency, Social Oversight, and Open Data Association (El Salvador) Nicaragua, Honduras, Guatemala, El Salvador "The 2021 Democracy Award pays tribute to four civil society groups whose outstanding efforts to bolster the rule of law, fight corruption, protect independent media, and advocate for human rights are essential to building a democratic future in Central America."—NED President Damon Wilson[7]
2020 Working to strengthen civil society in Sudan Regional Centre for Development and Training  السودان Group, trained hundreds of youth across of the country on democracy, activism, and local engagement[8]
Nuba Women for Education and Development Association Group, trained local women activists to engage in peace processes and activism on local issues and respect for women's rights[8]
Darfur Bar Association Group, supported marginalized people to advocate for their rights and provided legal assistance to vulnerable activists before and during the protests[8]
2019 Defenders of human and religious rights in China ChinaAid  الصين Group, represented by Bob Fu, international non-profit Christian human rights organization committed to promoting religious freedom and the rule of law in China[9]
World Uyghur Congress Group, represented by Dolkun Isa, advocating for democracy, human rights, and freedom for the Uyghur people and the use of peaceful, nonviolent, and democratic means to help Uyghurs achieve self-determination[9]
Tibet Action Institute Group, represented by Lhadon Tethong, uses digital communication tools with strategic nonviolent action to strengthen the capacity and effectiveness of the Tibet movement in a digital era[9]
2018 Movement for human rights and democracy in North Korea Citizens' Alliance for North Korean Human Rights  كوريا الجنوبية Seoul-based group advocating for human rights in North Korea.[10]
Now Action & Unity for Human Rights Group, led by Ji Seong-ho, advocating for human rights in North Korea and Korean reunification.[11]
Transitional Justice Working Group (TJWG) Seoul-based non-profit that documents evidence of crimes against humanity in North Korea.[12]
Unification Media Group (UMG) Seoul-based multimedia consortium that includes Daily NK, Radio Free Chosun, and Open North Korea Radio.[13]
2017 Anti-corruption activists Cynthia Gabriel  ماليزيا Human rights advocate and anti-corruption leader in Malaysia.[14]
Khalil Parsa  أفغانستان Founder and executive director of Supporting Organization for Afghanistan Civil Society (SOACS); survivor of assassination attempt in 2016.[15]
Claudia Escobar  گواتيمالا Legal scholar, former magistrate of the Court of Appeals of Guatemala, and rule of law advocate; fled the country in 2015 after becoming a whistleblower in a corruption cases involving illegal political interference in the Guatemalan judiciary.[16]
Rafael Marques de Morais  أنگولا Angolan journalist and human rights activist focused on investigating government corruption, impunity, and abuses in the diamond industry.[17]
Denys Bihus  أوكرانيا Investigative journalist focused on corruption and anti-corruption.[18]
2015 Political prisoners of Venezuela  ڤنزويلا Mitzy Capriles de Ledezma, Lilian Tintori and Tamara Sujú accepted the award on behalf of "imprisoned political leaders, human rights defenders, labor unionists, and student activists."[19]
2014 Chinese dissidents Liu Xiaobo  الصين 2010 Nobel Peace Prize Laureate, human rights and political reform activist known for role in launching of Charter 08.[20]
Xu Zhiyong Legal scholar, co-founder of Open Constitution Initiative in China.[20]
2013 Youth pro-democracy activists Gulalai Ismail  پاكستان Human rights activist that established Aware Girls at the age of 16.[21]
Harold Cepero  كوبا One of the authors of Varela Project in Cuba. Award given posthumously.[21]
Vera Kichanova  روسيا Reporter for the independent newspaper Novaya Gazeta, civic activist, municipal deputy in Yuzhnoye Tushino District, Moscow.[21]
Glanis Changachirere  زيمبابوي Founder of Institute for Young Women's Development.[21]
2012 Burmese democracy movement Min Ko Naing  ميانمار Founding member of the 88 Generation Students Group.[22]
Hkun Htun Oo Politician and chairman of the Shan Nationalities League for Democracy.[22]
Kyaw Thu Actor and founder of the Free Funeral Service Society.[22]
Aung Din Former political prisoner and leader in the 1988 pro-democracy movement.[22]
Cynthia Maung Ethnic Karen physician and medical clinic worker.[22]
2002 Women activists in the Muslim world Mehrangiz Kar  إيران Human rights lawyer and activist.[23]
Muborak Tashpulatova  اوزبكستان Civics education activist, Tashkent Public Education Center director.[23]
Nadjet Bouda  الجزائر Human rights activist focusing on the "disappeared" of the Algerian Civil War.[23]
Mariam Hussein Mohamed  الصومال Mogadishu-based human rights activist, founder and director of the Dr. Ismail Jumale Human Rights Organization.[23]


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مصر

التي قامت بإنشاء موقع يو-شاهدي الذي قامت بمتابعة الانتخابات التشريعية المصرية 2010.

الصين

إيران

According to the NED's online Democracy Projects Database it has given funding the following groups for programs relating to Iran (1990–2006):

روابط مع مراكز بحثية أخرى

Current and former directors of the Endowment's Board include Lee Hamilton of the 9/11 Commission (currently the president and director of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars), former Congressman Richard Gephardt, Richard Holbrooke, former U.S. Senator and Senate Majority Leader Bill Frist, Frank Carlucci of the Carlyle Group, retired General Wesley Clark, Michael Novak of the American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, Dr. Francis Fukuyama of Johns Hopkins SAIS, and U.S. Senator Evan Bayh of Indiana, former chairman of the Democratic Leadership Council.

انظر أيضاً

الهامش

  1. ^ Ignatius, David (September 22, 1991). "Innocence Abroad: The New World of Spyless Coups". The Washington Post (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved August 28, 2021.
  2. ^ "NED: History". Retrieved 9 August 2010.
  3. ^ وليام بلوم، قتل الأمل[صفحة مطلوبة]
  4. ^ (Blum, Rogue State: A Guide to the World's Only Superpower, 2000, p. 180)
  5. ^ "The 2024 NED Democracy Awards". NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). 2024-05-13. Retrieved 2024-10-24.
  6. ^ "2022 NED Democracy Award Pays Tribute to Ukrainian Civil Society". NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). 2022-05-18. Retrieved 2023-05-21.
  7. ^ "2021 NED Democracy Award Pays Tribute to Central American Civil Society". NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY (in الإنجليزية الأمريكية). 2021-10-05. Retrieved 2023-05-21.
  8. ^ أ ب ت "Sudan's Civil Society Will Be Honored With 2020 Ned Democracy Award". National Endowment for Democracy. March 5, 2020. Retrieved May 6, 2020.
  9. ^ أ ب ت "Defenders of Human and Religious Rights in China to Receive 2019 Democracy Award on 30th Anniversary of Tiananmen Massacre". National Endowment for Democracy. May 21, 2019. Retrieved May 6, 2020.
  10. ^ 2018 Democracy Award Recipient: Citizens' Alliance for North Korean Human Rights (NKHR), National Endowment for Democracy.
  11. ^ 2018 Democracy Award Recipient: Now, Action & Unity for Human Rights (NAUH), National Endowment for Democracy.
  12. ^ 2018 Democracy Award Recipient: Transitional Justice Working Group, National Endowment for Democracy.
  13. ^ 2018 Democracy Award Recipient: Unification Media Group, National Endowment for Democracy.
  14. ^ 2017 Democracy Award: Five Anti-corruption Activists Honored, Cynthia Gabriel, Malaysia, National Endowment for Democracy.
  15. ^ 2017 Democracy Award: Five Anti-corruption Activists Honored: Khalil Parsa, Afghanistan Archived يوليو 2, 2020 at the Wayback Machine, National Endowment for Democracy.
  16. ^ "2017 Democracy Award: Five Anti-Corruption Activists Honored". National Endowment for Democracy.
  17. ^ 2017 Democracy Award: Five Anti-corruption Activists Honored: Rafael Marques De Morais, Angola, National Endowment for Democracy.
  18. ^ 2017 Democracy Award: Five Anti-corruption Activists Honored: Denys Bihus, Ukraine, National Endowment for Democracy.
  19. ^ 2015 Democracy Award, National Endowment for Democracy.
  20. ^ أ ب 2014 Democracy Award, National Endowment for Democracy.
  21. ^ أ ب ت ث 2013 Democracy Award, National Endowment for Democracy.
  22. ^ أ ب ت ث ج 2012 Democracy Award, National Endowment for Democracy.
  23. ^ أ ب ت ث "Publications". National Endowment for Democracy. Archived from the original on May 9, 2008. Retrieved November 3, 2008.

للاستزادة

  • William Blum. Rogue State: A Guide to the World's Only Superpower, Common Courage Press (2000) and Killing Hope.
  • Eva Golinger. The Chávez Code - Cracking US Intervention in Venezuela, Olive Branch Press (2006).
  • William I. Robinson. Promoting Polyarchy: Globalization, US Intervention, and Hegemony, Cambridge University Press (1996).
  • Beth Sims. Workers of the World Undermined: American Labor's Role in U.S. Foreign Policy, South End Press (1992).
  • The New York Times Reports On The National Endowment For Democracy An article about organizations supported by NED.

وصلات خارجية

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