الإمبراطور جون‌تـُكو

(تم التحويل من الامبراطور جون‌تـُكو)
Emperor Juntoku
順徳天皇
Emperor Juntoku large.jpg
Juntoku, Tenshi Sekkan Miei (15th century)
Emperor of Japan
العهدDecember 12, 1210 – May 13, 1221
التتويجJanuary 14, 1211
سبقهTsuchimikado
تبعهChūkyō
ShōgunMinamoto no Sanetomo
وُلِدOctober 22, 1197
توفيأكتوبر 7, 1242(1242-10-07) (aged 44)
Sado Island, Kamakura shogunate
الدفن
Ōhara no Misasagi (大原陵) (Kyoto)
الزوج
(m. 1211)
الأنجال
more...
Emperor Chūkyō
الاسم بعد الممات
Chinese-style shigō:
Emperor Juntoku (順徳院 or 順徳天皇)
البيتYamato
الأبEmperor Go-Toba
الأمFujiwara no Shigeko

Emperor Juntoku (順徳天皇, Juntoku-tennō) (October 22, 1197 – October 7, 1242) was the 84th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. His reign spanned the years from 1210 through 1221.[1]

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Genealogy

Before his ascension to the Chrysanthemum Throne, his personal name (his imina)[2] was Morinari-shinnō (守成親王).[3]

He was the third son of Emperor Go-Toba. His mother was Shigeko (重子), the daughter of Fujiwara Hanki (藤原範季)

  • Empress (chūgū): Kujō Fujiwara no Ritsushi (?) (九条(藤原)立子) later Higashiichijō-in (東一条院), Kujo Yoshitsune's daughter
    • Second daughter: Imperial Princess Taiko (諦子内親王; 1217–1243) later Gekgimon'in (明義門院)
    • Third son: Imperial Prince Kanenari (懐成親王) later Emperor Chūkyō
  • Lady-in-waiting: Toku-Naishi (督典侍), Fujiwara Norimitsu's Daughter
    • Fourth son: Prince Hikonari (彦成王; 1219–1286)
    • Sixth son: Imperial Prince Yoshimune (善統親王; 1233–1317)
  • Consort: Fujiwara Noriko (藤原位子), Bomon Nobukiyo's daughter
    • First Daughter: Imperial Princess Jōko (穠子内親王; 1216-1279)later Eianmon'in(永安門院)
  • Consort: Fujiwara Kiyotaka's Daughter
    • First Son: Imperial Prince Priest Sonkaku (尊覚法親王; 1215–1264)
    • Second Son: Imperial Prince Priest Kaku'e (覚恵法親王; b.1217)
    • Fifth son: Prince Iwakura no Miya Tadanari (岩倉宮忠成王; 1222–1279)
  • Consort: Saishō-no-Tsubone (宰相局), Priest's daughter
  • Mother unknown:
    • Daughter: Princess Yoshiko (慶子女王; 1225-1286)
    • Daughter: Princess Tadako (忠子女王; 1232-1249)
    • Son: Prince Chitose (千歳宮; 1237-1254)


Events of Juntoku's life

Morinari-shinnō became Crown Prince in 1200. He was elevated to the throne after Emperor Go-Toba pressured Emperor Tsuchimikado into abdicating.

  • 1210 (Jōgen 1, 25th day of the 11th month): In the 12th year of Tsuchimikado-tennō's reign (土御門天皇十二年), the emperor abdicated; and the succession (senso) was received by his younger brother, the second son of the former-Emperor Go-Toba. Shortly thereafter, Emperor Juntoku is said to have acceded to the throne (sokui).[4]

In actuality, Emperor Go-Toba wielded effective power as a cloistered emperor during the years of Juntoku's reign.

In 1221, he was forced to abdicate because of his participation in Go-Toba's unsuccessful attempt to displace the Kamakura bakufu with re-asserted Imperial power. This political and military struggle was called the Jōkyū War or the Jōkyū Incident (Jōkyū-no ran).

Imperial tomb of Emperor Juntoku and Emperor Go-Toba, Kyoto

After the Jōkyū-no ran, Juntoku was sent into exile on Sado Island (佐渡島 or 佐渡ヶ島, both Sadogashima), where he remained until his death in 1242.[5]

This emperor is known posthumously as Sado-no In (佐渡院) because his last years were spent at Sado. He was buried in a mausoleum, the Mano Goryo, on Sado's west coast.[5] Juntoku's official Imperial tomb (misasagi) is in Kyoto.

Juntoku was tutored in poetry by Fujiwara no Sadaie, who was also known as Teika. One of the emperor's poems was selected for inclusion in what became a well-known anthology, the Ogura Hyakunin Isshu. This literary legacy in Teika's collection of poems has accorded Juntoku a continuing popular prominence beyond the scope of his other lifetime achievements. The poets and poems of the Hyakunin isshu form the basis for a card game (uta karuta) which is still widely played today.[6]

Kugyō

Kugyō (公卿) is a collective term for the very few most powerful men attached to the court of the Emperor of Japan in pre-Meiji eras.

In general, this elite group included only three to four men at a time. These were hereditary courtiers whose experience and background would have brought them to the pinnacle of a life's career. During juntoku's reign, this apex of the Daijō-kan included:

Eras of Juntoku's reign

The years of Juntoku's reign are more specifically identified by more than one era name or nengō.[8]

Ancestry

See also

Notes

Japanese Imperial kamon — a stylized chrysanthemum blossom
  1. ^ Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du Japon, pp. 230–238; Brown, Delmer et al. (1979). Gukanshō, pp. 341–343; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki. pp. 221–223.
  2. ^ Brown, pp. 264; n.b., up until the time of Emperor Jomei, the personal names of the emperors (their imina) were very long and people did not generally use them. The number of characters in each name diminished after Jomei's reign.
  3. ^ Titsingh, p. 230; Brown, p. 341; Varley, p. 221.
  4. ^ Titsingh, p. 230; Brown, p. 341; Varley, p. 44; n.b., a distinct act of senso is unrecognized prior to Emperor Tenji; and all sovereigns except Jitō, Yōzei, Go-Toba, and Fushimi have senso and sokui in the same year until the reign of Emperor Go-Murakami.
  5. ^ أ ب Bornoff, Nicholas. (2005). National Geographic Traveler Japan, p. 193.
  6. ^ Mostow, Joshua, ed. (1996). Pictures of the Heart: The Hyakunin Isshu in Word and Image, p. 437.
  7. ^ Brown, p. 341.
  8. ^ Titsingh, p. 230; Brown, p. 341.
  9. ^ "Genealogy". Reichsarchiv (in اليابانية). 30 April 2010. Retrieved 10 January 2021.

References

ألقاب ملكية
سبقه
Emperor Tsuchimikado
Emperor of Japan:
Juntoku

1210–1221
تبعه
Emperor Chūkyō
Imperial Seal of Japan.svg أباطرة اليابان Imperial Seal of Japan.svg
الأباطرة الأسطوريون
1 جيمو
神武
2 سوي‌زيْ
綏靖
3 安寧 4 懿徳 5 孝昭 6 孝安 7 孝霊 8 孝元 9 開化 10 崇神
11 垂仁 12 景行 13 成務 14 仲哀  
حقبة يـَمـاتـو 大和時代 (كـُفون)، الفترة (250538)
15 اوجين
応神
16 نين تـُكو
仁徳
17 履中 18 反正 19 允恭 20 安康 21 雄略 22 清寧 23 顕宗 24 仁賢
25 武烈 26 継体 27 安閑 28 宣化  
حقبة أسـوكـا 飛鳥時代، الفترة (538710)
29 كيم مـِيْ
欽明
30 بيداتسو
敏達
31 يومـِيْ
用明
32 سوشون
崇峻
33 سويكو
推古
34 جومـِيْ
舒明
35 كوگيوكو
皇極
36 كوتـُكو
孝徳
37 كوگيوكو
斉明
38 تنجي
天智
39 كـُبون
弘文
40 تمـّو
天武
41 جيتو
持統
42 مـُمـّو
文武
43 گـِم مـِيْ
元明
 
حقبة نـارا 奈良時代، الفترة (710 - 794)
44 گـِنشو
元正
45 شومو 聖武 46 كوكـِن
孝謙
47 جون نين 淳仁 48 شوتـُكو
称徳
49 كونين
光仁
 
حقبة هـِيْ آن 平安時代، الفترة (794 - 1185)
50 كـَمـّو
桓武
51 平城 52 嵯峨 53 淳和 54 仁明 55 文徳 56 清和 57 陽成 58 光孝 59 اودا
宇多
60 دايگو
醍醐
61 سوزاكو
朱雀
62 موراكامي
村上
63 ريْ‌زيْ
冷泉
64 إن‌يو
円融
65 كازان
花山
66 一条 67 三条 68 後一条 69 後朱雀
70 後冷泉 71 後三条 72 白河 73 堀河 74 鳥羽 75 崇徳 76 كونوئ
近衛天皇
77 گو-شيراكاوا
後白河天皇
78 二条 79 六条
80 高倉 81 أن تـُكو
安徳
82 گو توبا
後鳥羽
 
حقبة كـَماكورا 鎌倉時代، الفترة (1185 - 1333)
83 تسوتشي ميكادو
土御門
84 جون تـُكو
順徳
85 仲恭 86 後堀河 87 四条 88 後嵯峨 89 後深草 90 亀山 91 後宇多 92 伏見
93 後伏見 94 後二条 95 花園 96 گو دايگو
後醍醐
 
حقبة مورُماتشي 室町時代، الفترة (1336 - 1573)
97 گو موراكامي
後村上
98 تشو كـِيْ
長慶
99 گو كامـِياما
後亀山
100 گو كوماتسو
後小松
البلاط الشمالي 北朝 "هـُكوچو" 1 كوگـُن
光厳
2 كومـْيو
光明
3 崇光 4 後光厳 5 後円融 6 後小松  
101 称光 102 後花園 103 後土御門 104 後柏原 105 後奈良 106 正親町 107 後陽成  
حقبة إدو 江戸時代، الفترة (16031868)
108 گو ميزونو 後水尾 109 مـِيـْشو
明正
110 گو كوميو
後光明
111 گو ساي
後西
112 ريـْگـِن
霊元
113 هيگاشي ياما
東山
114 ناكا ميكادو
中御門
115 ساكورا ماتشي
桜町
116 موموزونو
桃園
117 گو ساكورا ماتشي
後桜町
118 گو موموزونو
後桃園
119 كوكاكو
光格
120 نين كو
仁孝
121 كومـِيْ
孝明
 
اليابان المعاصرة (عهد مـِيـْجي 明治時代 ف. 18681912)
122 ميـْجي
明治
123 تايشو
大正
124 هيروهيتو
昭和
125 أكيهيتو
今上
126 ناروهيتو
徳仁
ولي العهد الإمبراطورات النساء (باللون الأحمر)