كتابة سريانية
Syriac alphabet | |
---|---|
النوع | |
اللغات | Aramaic (Classical Syriac, Assyrian Neo-Aramaic, Chaldean Neo-Aramaic, Turoyo, Christian Palestinian Aramaic), Arabic (Garshuni) |
الفترة الزمنية | ~200 BC to the present |
النظم الوالدة | Proto-Sinaitic alphabet
|
النظم الابنة | Sogdian
→Orkhon (Turkic) |
الاتجاه | Right-to-left |
ISO 15924 | Syrc, 135 Syre (138, ʾEsṭrangēlā variant)Syrj (137, Western variant) |
مرادف اليونيكود | Syriac |
الأبجدية السريانية مستعملة في كتابة السريانية، وأحيانا يستعمله الرهبان لكتابة العربية والماليالمية في الهند. وتختلف شكلها قليل بين ما يسمى خط "استرنجلا" والخط المارونية والخط الآشورية. أصلها الأبجدية الآرامية العتيقة. ها هو خط "استرنجلا":
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أشكال الأبجدية السريانية
وتوجد ثلاث تنويعات رئيسية للأبجدية السريانية.
Summary table
The Syriac alphabet consists of the following letters, shown in their isolated (non-connected) forms. When isolated, the letters Kāp̄, Mīm, and Nūn are usually shown with their initial form connected to their final form (see below). The letters ʾĀlap̄, Dālaṯ, Hē, Waw, Zayn, Ṣāḏē, Rēš, and Taw (and, in early ʾEsṭrangēlā manuscripts, the letter Semkaṯ[1]) do not connect to a following letter within a word when written. These are marked with an asterisk (*).
Name | Letter | Sound Value | Numerical Value |
Phoenician Equivalent |
Hebrew Equivalent |
Arabic Equivalent | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ʾEsṭrangēlā | Maḏnḥāyā | Serṭā | Transliteration | IPA | |||||
ʾĀlap̄* (ܐܠܦ) | ʾ or nothing | [ʔ] or silent |
1 | 𐤀 | א | ا | |||
Bēṯ (ܒܝܬ) | hard: b soft: ḇ (also bh, v, β) |
hard: [b] soft: [v] or [w] |
2 | 𐤁 | ב | ب | |||
Gāmal (ܓܡܠ) | hard: g soft: ḡ (also g̱, gh, ġ, γ) |
hard: [ɡ] soft: [ɣ] |
3 | 𐤂 | ג | ج | |||
Dālaṯ* (ܕܠܬ) | hard: d soft: ḏ (also dh, ð, δ) |
hard: [d] soft: [ð] |
4 | 𐤃 | ד | د, ذ | |||
Hē* (ܗܐ) | h | [h] | 5 | 𐤄 | ה | ه | |||
Waw* (ܘܘ) | consonant: w mater lectionis: ū or ō (also u or o) |
consonant: [w] mater lectionis: [u] or [o] |
6 | 𐤅 | ו | و | |||
Zayn* (ܙܝܢ) | z | [z] | 7 | 𐤆 | ז | ز | |||
Ḥēṯ (ܚܝܬ) | ḥ | [ħ], [x], or [χ] | 8 | 𐤇 | ח | ح, خ | |||
Ṭēṯ (ܛܝܬ) | ṭ | [tˤ] | 9 | 𐤈 | ט | ط, ظ | |||
Yōḏ (ܝܘܕ) | consonant: y mater lectionis: ī (also i) |
consonant: [j] mater lectionis: [i] or [e] |
10 | 𐤉 | י | ي | |||
Kāp̄ (ܟܦ) | hard: k soft: ḵ (also kh, x) |
hard: [k] soft: [x] |
20 | 𐤊 | כ ך | ك | |||
Lāmaḏ (ܠܡܕ) | l | [l] | 30 | 𐤋 | ל | ل | |||
Mīm (ܡܝܡ) | m | [m] | 40 | 𐤌 | מ ם | م | |||
Nūn (ܢܘܢ) | n | [n] | 50 | 𐤍 | נ ן | ن | |||
Semkaṯ (ܣܡܟܬ) | s | [s] | 60 | 𐤎 | ס | — | |||
ʿĒ (ܥܐ) | ʿ | [ʕ] | 70 | 𐤏 | ע | ع, غ | |||
Pē (ܦܐ) | hard: p soft: p̄ (also p̱, ᵽ, ph, f) |
hard: [p] soft: [f] |
80 | 𐤐 | פ ף | ف | |||
Ṣāḏē* (ܨܕܐ) | ṣ | [sˤ] | 90 | 𐤑 | צ ץ | ص, ض | |||
Qōp̄ (ܩܘܦ) | q | [q] | 100 | 𐤒 | ק | ق | |||
Rēš* (ܪܝܫ) | r | [r] | 200 | 𐤓 | ר | ر | |||
Šīn (ܫܝܢ) | š (also sh) | [ʃ] | 300 | 𐤔 | ש | س, ش | |||
Taw* (ܬܘ) | hard: t soft: ṯ (also th, θ) |
hard: [t] soft: [θ] |
400 | 𐤕 | ת | ت, ث |
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الإسترنجلا الكلاسيكية
سريانية في Unicode
السريانية في Unicode من U+0700 إلى U+074F.
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F | ||
700 | ܀ | ܁ | ܂ | ܃ | ܄ | ܅ | ܆ | ܇ | ܈ | ܉ | ܊ | ܋ | ܌ | ܍ | | | |
710 | ܐ | ܑ | ܒ | ܓ | ܔ | ܕ | ܖ | ܗ | ܘ | ܙ | ܚ | ܛ | ܜ | ܝ | ܞ | ܟ | |
720 | ܠ | ܡ | ܢ | ܣ | ܤ | ܥ | ܦ | ܧ | ܨ | ܩ | ܪ | ܫ | ܬ | ܭ | ܮ | ܯ | |
730 | ܰ | ܱ | ܲ | ܳ | ܴ | ܵ | ܶ | ܷ | ܸ | ܹ | ܺ | ܻ | ܼ | ܽ | ܾ | ܿ | |
740 | ݀ | ݁ | ݂ | ݃ | ݄ | ݅ | ݆ | ݇ | ݈ | ݉ | ݊ | | | ݍ | ݎ | ݏ |
وصلات خارجية
- The Syriac alphabet at Omniglot.com
- The Syriac alphabet at Ancientscripts.com
- Unicode Entity Codes for the Syriac Script
- Download Syriac fonts
- How to write Aramaic - learn the Syriac cursive scripts
- Aramaic and Syriac handwriting ʾEsṭrangēlā (classical)
- Learn Assyrian (Syriac-Aramaic) OnLine Maḏnḥāyā (eastern)
- GNU FreeFont Unicode font family with Syriac range in its serif face.
- ^ Coakley, J. F. (2002). Robinson's paradigms and exercises in Syriac grammar (5th ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 141. ISBN 978-0-19-926129-1.