إسرائيل طال

Israel Tal
الكنية	Talik, Mr. Armour
ولد	(1924-09-13)13 سبتمبر 1924 Mahanayim, Mandatory Palestine
توفي	8 سبتمبر 2010(2010-09-08) (aged 85) Rehovot, Israel
الولاء	Israel
الخدمة/الفرع	Israel Defense Forces
سنين الخدمة	1943–74, 1979–89
الرتبة	Aluf (Major General)
قيادات مناطة	Bahad 1-IDF Officers School (1954–56), 7th Armored Brigade (1959–60), Commander of the Armored Forces (Gaysot Hashiryon), 84th Armored Division, نائب رئيس هيئة الأركان المشتركة
المعارك/الحروب	حرب فلسطين، العدوان الثلاثي، حرب 1967، حرب 1973
الأوسمة	جائزة إسرائيل (1997) جائزة إلياهو گولومب لأمن إسرائيل

يسرائيل طال (بالعبرية: ישראל טל‎) (ولد 1924 في محناييم) هو قائد عسكري إسرائيلي متخصص في حرب المدرعات.. اشتهر بكنية طليق (بالعبرية: טליק)

درس الفلسفة والعلوم السياسية في الجامعة العبرية في القدس. انخرط في الخدمة العسكرية في الجيش البريطاني خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية. انضم بعد ذلك إلى إلى الهگاناه ومن ثم في صفوف الجيش الإسرائيلي. تولى قيادة كتيبة خلال العدوان الثلاثي على مصر سنة 1956. عين عام 1964 قائداً لسلاح المدرعات التي قام بوضع أسسها. خلال حرب 1967 قاد الكتيبة التي احتلت القطاع الشمالي لسيناء من رفح حتى قناة السويس.

في سنة 1970 قررت الحكومة الإسرائيلية بأن يكون لديها آليات برية وطنية فقاد يسرائيل الفريق الذي قام بدراسة وتطوير دبابة ميركافا. تولى بعض المهام القيادية في هيئة الأركان العامة. وعين قائدا لجبهة الجنوب خلفا لبارليف واصطدم بموشي ديان في مسألة تجديد القتال مع المصريين في حرب 1973، ما أدى إلى إنهاء خدمته العسكرية.

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 السيرة العسكرية

Tal, who had been a hero of the Six-Day War, was an early opponent of the Bar Lev Line. He and General Ariel Sharon argued that it would not succeed in fending off Egyptian forces. After the official end of the Yom Kippur War, Tal, serving as commander of the southern front, received an order from Chief of Staff General David Elazar and Defense Minister Moshe Dayan to attack Egyptian forces. Tal refused to follow the order, insisting that it was an unethical order and requesting authorization for the requested attack from the Prime Minister and the Supreme Court. Such authorization never came. Tal won the argument, but his refusal to follow the order as a practical matter eliminated his chance of being nominated for the position of Chief of Staff to succeed General Elazar.

In 1970, the Israeli government decided it needed an independent tank-building capability due to uncertainty of overseas sales for political reasons. Tal led a development team that took into consideration Israel's battlefield characteristics and lessons learned from previous wars, and began the development and building of Israel's Merkava tank.

 عقيدة الدروع

Merkava monument, Rehovot

Tal was the creator of the Israeli armored doctrine that led to the Israeli successes in the Sinai surprise attack of the Six-Day War. In 1964, General Tal took over the Israeli armored corps and organized it into the leading element of the Israeli Defense Forces, characterized by high mobility and relentless assault. He re-trained all Israeli gunners to hit targets beyond 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi). In open terrain, such long distance gunnery proved vital to the survival of the Israeli armored corps in subsequent wars. Israel's Arab opponents, especially Egypt and Syria, normally fired their Soviet-made tank guns from a distance of between 200 and 500 metres (220 and 550 yd), and quite often tank units advanced to within 100 metres (110 yd) of their targets before firing their main guns. This gave the Israelis an opportunity to exploit this weakness in Arab military doctrine. Its mobility is considered comparable to the German Blitzkrieg and many hold it to be an evolution of that tactic. Tal's transformation and success in 1967 led the IDF to expand the role of armor. However, this resulted in reduced attention to other less glamorous, but essential aspects of the army, such as the infantry. Following the 1973 surprise attack, this excessive focus on fast striking offensive armor left the IDF temporarily without adequate defensive capability. Only in latter stages of the war (with the aid of a US$1.1 billion airlift, Operation Nickel Grass) did the armor break out and show its potential; General Avraham Adan's armor broke through the Egyptian lines, crossed the Suez Canal and enveloped the Egyptian 3rd Army near Suez. While the IDF has become a more balanced force since 1973, Tal's development of armored doctrine has been very important to the IDF and has influenced armored doctrines in other parts of the world.

 الأوسمة والتكريم

Major-General Israel Tal memorial in Latrun

Israel Tal was awarded the Eliyahu Golomb Israel Security Award in 1961 and in 1973. In 1997, Tal was awarded the Israel Prize for his special contribution to the society and State of Israel.

In 1991, he received an honorary doctorate at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev. In 2002, he was chosen "Knight of Quality Government" by the Movement for Quality Government in Israel in the "Military and security" category. Israel Tal's picture appears in the Patton Museum of Cavalry and Armor's "Wall of Greatest Armor Commanders" along with compatriot Moshe Peled, Americans George S. Patton and Creighton Abrams and German Field Marshal Erwin Rommel.

 See also

• List of Israel Prize recipients

 External links

• Israeli Gen. Tal Honored by U.S. Armor Center
• Great armor commanders in History
• The International Commander’s Wall Archived 2010-12-01 at the Wayback Machine
• Israel Tal, Exhibition in the IDF&defense establishment archives Archived 2020-07-13 at the Wayback Machine