إحصاء المملكة المتحدة
Coincident full census have taken place in the different jurisdictions of the المملكة المتحدة every ten years since 1801, with the exceptions of 1941 (during الحرب العالمية الثانية) and in both Northern Ireland and the Irish Free State in 1921. Simultaneous censuses were taken in the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man, with the returns being archived with those of إنگلترة. In addition to providing detailed information about national demographics, the results of the census play an important part in the calculation of resource allocation to regional and local service providers by the governments of both the UK and the European Union. The most recent UK census took place in 2011.[1]
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التاريخ
وفي سنة 1801 أجرت الحكومة أول إحصاء مبني على أسس علمية في بريطانيا العظمى (إنجلترا، وويلز، واسكتلندا) وأدى هذا إلى فزع المواطنين الذين استاؤوا من انتهاك خصوصياتهم كمقدمة لإخضاعهم لتنظيم صارم(5). وأظهرت نتيجة الإحصاء المسجلة أن عدد سكان بريطانيا العظمى في ذلك الوقت كان 646،249،01 (كان عدد سكان الولايات المتحدة في ذلك الوقت نحو 6,000,000) وبحلول عام 1811 كان عدد سكان بريطانيا العظمى قد ازداد ليصبح 441،255،21(6). وربما تعكس الزيادة زيادة كميات الطعام المتاحة وتحسن الخدمات الطبية وانخفاض نسبة الوفيات بين كبار السن والأطفال. لقد زاد سكان لندن في سنة 1811 ليصبح 1,009,546 لكن التوسع الأكثر أهمية والأكثر ضخامة كان في الشمال والغرب الصناعيين، وفي سنة 1181 كان عدد السكان العاملين في مجالي الزراعة والرعي هو: 895,998 على وفق ما هو وارد في السجلات بينما كان العاملون في مجالي الصناعة والتجاربة 1,128,049 وفي أعمال أخرى 519,168.(7) لقد ضيّقت الحكومة على الزراعة بإقرارها نظام الحظائر المسيجة (التي ترعى فيها الأغنام...) وشجعت الصناعة بالعمل لصالح المشروعات الخاصة (الحرة) وبالحماية الجمركية وبمنع اتحادات العمال من المطالبة بأجور أفضل (1800)، كما عملت على تحسين أحوال التجارة بتحسين الطرق والمجاري المائية، وبتشييد أسطول بحري بريطاني لا يُقهر. لقد حقق التجار والصناع والماليون ثروات كبيرة وفاز بعضهم بمقاعد في البرلمان أو اشتروها (حصلوا عليها لقاء مال دفعوه).
قائمة تعدادات المملكة المتحدة
| السنة | التاريخ | ملاحظات | الأسئلة الجديدة |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1801 | 10 March | Details collected were mainly head-counts, with few records still existing. | |
| 1811 | 27 May | ||
| 1821 | 28 May | ||
| 1831 | 30 May | ||
| 1841 | 6 June | Name. Age (for those over 15, this was supposed to be rounded down to the nearest 5 years, though this instruction was not obeyed in all cases). Occupation. Whether born "in county" (i. e. the same as where currently living), elsewhere in the UK, or in "Foreign Parts". | |
| 1851 | 30 March | Relation to head of the household. Marital status. Place of birth. Whether blind, deaf or dumb. Language spoken (Ireland). Rounding down of ages dropped. | |
| 1861 | 7 April | Economic status.[2] | |
| 1871 | 2 April | Whether an imbecile, idiot or lunatic[3] (note that such usage of terms predates euphemistic definitions; see euphemism treadmill). | |
| 1881 | 3 April | Language spoken (in Scotland). | |
| 1891 | 5 April | Language spoken (in Wales).[2] Whether an employer, an employee, or neither. Number of rooms occupied, if fewer than 5.[4] | |
| 1901 | 31 March | Number of rooms in dwelling.[2] Whether an employer, worker or working on one's own account. Whether working at home or not. Language spoken (in Wales – children under 3 years of age excluded).[5] | |
| 1911 | 2 April | Industry or service with which the worker is connected.[2] How long the couple has been married. How many children were born alive, how many who are still alive, and how many who have died. "Nationality of any Person born in a Foreign Country". The final column, which had been "Deaf and Dumb, Blind, Lunatic, Imbecile, Feeble-minded", becomes "INFIRMITY :Totally Deaf and Dumb, Totally Blind, Lunatic, Imbecile, Feeble-minded". | |
| 1921 | 19 June | Place of work and industry[2] Whether a marriage has been dissolved by divorce.[6] | |
| 1931 | 26 April | England and Wales – destroyed in 1942 fire; Northern Ireland – no census. | Place of usual residence[2] |
| 1939 | 29 September | National Registration Act 1939.[7] No census in 1941 due to the Second World War. | |
| 1951 | 8 April | Household amenities.[2] | |
| 1961 | 23 April | Qualifications, migration, household tenure.[2] | |
| 1966 | 24 April | Long-form/short-form census, trialling an alternative method of enumeration. | Car ownership, method of travel to work.[2] |
| 1971 | 25 April | ||
| 1981 | 5 April | ||
| 1991 | 21 April | Ethnic group, long-term limiting illness, central heating, term-time address of students.[8] | |
| 2001 | 29 April | Size of workforce, supervisor status, first question on religion on the main census form (England, Wales, and Scotland).[2] | |
| 2011 | 27 March | An option to complete the form online.[9] Also provided English, Northern Irish, Scottish, Welsh and British national identity option following criticism that English and Welsh were absent from 2001.[10][11][12][13] | Includes questions relevant to civil partnerships. Other new questions involve asking migrants their date of arrival and how long they intend to stay in the UK; respondents also required to disclose which passports they held.[14] A rehearsal census was conducted on 11 October 2009.[15] |
انظر أيضاً
- Census Enumerators' Books
- Census of Ireland, 1911
- Citizen Information Project
- Demography of the United Kingdom
- Jedi census phenomenon
- List of United Kingdom censuses
الهامش
- ^ "2011 Census". Office for National Statistics. 2011. Retrieved 18 February 2013.
- ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خ د ذ ر Graham Vidler. The 2001 Census of Population. Research Paper 01/21. House of Commons Library. ISSN 1368-8456
- ^ Census - ScotlandsPeople
- ^ Image of 1891 census from Ancestry.co.uk requires trial membership
- ^ Image of 1901 census from Ancestry.co.uk (requires trial membership).
- ^ "1921 Census". Retrieved 16 March 2013..
- ^ National Registration Act, 1939. Rootsweb.com. URL accessed 1 March 2008.
- ^ Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, General Register Office for Scotland (1992). 1991 Census Definitions Great Britain. London: HMSO. ISBN 0-11-691361-4.
- ^ Traditional census 'is obsolete'. The Guardian. June 5, 2008
- ^ 2011 England & Wales census questionnaire content / recommended questions - national identity
- ^ English tick box, No 10 e-petition response
- ^ 2011 Census tick-box for 'English' national identity
- ^ 2011 census form to include Welsh tick-box. WalesOnline. December 12, 2008
- ^ Next census aims to map migrant populations. The Independent. December 11, 2008.
- ^ 2009 rehearsal questionnaire. ONS. Retrieved 16 March 2013.
وصلات خارجية
- The Office for National Statistics, which is responsible for the Census in England and Wales
- The Census Order 2000 (England & Wales)
- The National Archives - selective access information to UK census data.
- The Census Office for Northern Ireland
- The General Register Office for Scotland which has been responsible for the taking of the census in Scotland since 1861.
- The British Census (Concepts and Techniques in Modern Geography)
- The UK Census of Population 1981 (Concepts and Techniques in Modern Geography)
- The UK Census of Population 1991 (Concepts and Techniques in Modern Geography)
- Census.ac.uk - free census resources for academic research in the UK.
- Official archived version of 2011 census website (www.census.gov.uk)
- Census Finder- Directory of free-to-access online UK census records.
- My Family Ancestors - List of mainly free-to-access census records from 1801 to 1901
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