أرپينو

Arpino
Arpino
Comune
	Comune di Arpino
	Coat of arms
	Location of Arpino
	Arpino موقع Arpino في Italy Arpino Arpino (Lazio)
	الإحداثيات: 41°38′52″N 13°36′35″E / 41.64778°N 13.60972°E
البلد	إيطاليا
المنطقة	Lazio
المقاطعة	Frosinone (FR)
الحكومة
• العمدة	Renato Rea
المساحة
• الإجمالي	55 كم² (21 ميل²)
المنسوب	447 m (1٬467 ft)
التعداد (31 December 2017)
• الإجمالي	7٬150
• الكثافة	130/km2 (340/sq mi)
صفة المواطن	Arpinati
منطقة التوقيت	UTC+1 (CET)
• الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي)	UTC+2 (CEST)
الرمز البريدي	03033
مفتاح الهاتف	0776
Patron saint	Madonna of Loreto
يوم القديس	December 10
الموقع الإلكتروني	Official website

من أجل استخدامات أخرى، انظر أرپينو (توضيح).

أرپينو ( Arpino ؛ Southern Latian dialect: Arpinë) هي بلدية في مقاطعة فروزينونه في منطقة لاتيوم في وسط إيطاليا. اسمها الروماني كان أرپينم Arpinum.

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التاريخ

قوس مدبب في الأسوار.

Ancient Roman basalt pavement in Arpino

The ancient city of Arpinum dates back to at least the 7th century BC. Connected with the Pelasgi, the Volsci and Samnite people, it was captured by the Romans and granted civitas sine suffragio in 305 BC. The city received voting rights in Roman elections in 188 BC and the status of a municipium in 90 BC after the Social War.^[1]

The town produced both Gaius Marius and Marcus Tullius Cicero, who were homines novi (people from new families who were elected to the Roman senate, usually referring to those who had reached the office of consul). Cicero, in speeches before the courts in Rome, would later praise his hometown's contributions to the republic when attacked as a "foreigner", for Arpinum had twice borne men to save the Republic: Marius against the Cimbric invaders of 101 BC and Cicero himself against the Second Catilinarian conspiracy.^[2] Cicero in letters to his friend Atticus referred often to the peace and quiet of his beloved Arpinum. There is an oral tradition that persists to this day that Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa was also a native of Arpinum.^[3] Historians however have not been able to confirm his place of birth.

Beside the ancient town of Arpinum there are the fortified remains of a much earlier Samnite town.^{[بحاجة لمصدر]} The high defensive walls are of the polygonal type associated historically with these people. There is an example of an arch of this type which can still be still seen today. Dates are generally from the early Roman period to about 400 BC. The Stone is some times referred to as pudding-stone but in this case it seem to be of a more sedimentary dark gray type. Arpinum, Atina, and Cominium were known Samnite strongholds.^{[بحاجة لمصدر]} The Valle di Comino nearby is considered to be strong Samnite and subsections of the tribes home lands and the language generally spoken up to the Roman assimilations was Oscan part of the "Co" group of Indo-European languages.^{[بحاجة لمصدر]}

In the early Middle Ages, the Roman duchy and the Duchy of Benevento contended for its strategic position. After the 11th century it was ruled by the Normans, the Hohenstaufen and by the Papal States. It was destroyed twice; in 1229 by Frederick II and in 1242 by Conrad IV.^{[بحاجة لمصدر]}

The castrato sopranist Gioacchino Conti, known as Il Gizziello or heb ceilliau, was born in Arpino in 1714.^{[بحاجة لمصدر]}

المعالم الرئيسية

Richard Wilson - Cicero with his friend Atticus and brother Quintus, at his villa at Arpinum - Google Art Project

Attractions include the circuit walls in polygonal masonry.^[4] These walls include an example of an ogive arch.^[5] The walls stand up to 11 feet in height and up to seven feet in width.^[1]

Below Arpino, in the Liri valley, a little north of the Isola del Liri, lies the church of S. Domenico, which marks the site of the villa in which Cicero was born and frequently resided. Near it is an ancient bridge, of a road which crossed the Liris to Cereatae (modern Casamari).^[1]

انظر أيضاً

http://www.chrisgibson.org/ancoats/rea_italian_origins/page1.html

المعالم الرئيسية

المعالم تتضمن أسوار دائرية في البناء الحجري متعدد الأضلاع

وصلات خارجية

Purcell, N., R. Talbert, T. Elliott, S. Gillies, J. Becker. "Places: 432700 (Arpinum)". Pleiades. Retrieved February 28, 2012 2:59 pm. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

^ ^أ ^ب ^ت One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Arpino" . دائرة المعارف البريطانية. Vol. 2 (eleventh ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 641. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
^ Roselaar, Saskia T. (2016). "Cicero and the Italians". In du Plessis, Paul J. (ed.). Cicero and the Italians: Expansion of Empire, Creation of Law. Rethinking Roman Law of the Late Republic. Edinburgh University Press. p. 154. ISBN 978-1-4744-0882-0. JSTOR 10.3366/j.ctt1g050m4.14. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
^ Reinhold, Meyer (1933). Marcus Agrippa: A Biography. Geneva: W. F. Humphrey Press. p. 9. ISBN 9788870624144.
^ Charles Kelsall (1820). Classical Excursion from Rome to Arpino. author. pp. 88–.
^ Dal Maso, Leonardo B; Vighi, Roberto (1979). Archeological Latium. Bonechi, Edizioni "Il Turismo".

[eb1911arp-1] أ ^ب ^ت One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Arpino" . دائرة المعارف البريطانية. Vol. 2 (eleventh ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 641. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)

[:0-2] Roselaar, Saskia T. (2016). "Cicero and the Italians". In du Plessis, Paul J. (ed.). Cicero and the Italians: Expansion of Empire, Creation of Law. Rethinking Roman Law of the Late Republic. Edinburgh University Press. p. 154. ISBN 978-1-4744-0882-0. JSTOR 10.3366/j.ctt1g050m4.14. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)

[3] Reinhold, Meyer (1933). Marcus Agrippa: A Biography. Geneva: W. F. Humphrey Press. p. 9. ISBN 9788870624144.

[Kelsall1820-4] Charles Kelsall (1820). Classical Excursion from Rome to Arpino. author. pp. 88–.

[MasoVighi1979-5] Dal Maso, Leonardo B; Vighi, Roberto (1979). Archeological Latium. Bonechi, Edizioni "Il Turismo".

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