حرب آشور-أورارتو Urartu-Assyria War

حرب آشور-أورارتو Urartu-Assyrian war
التاريخ 714 ق.م. – منتصف القرن السابع ق.م. الموقع ڤان النتيجة انتصار آشور أورارتو أضحت دولة تابعة لآشور.
الخصمان
أورارتو	الإمبراطورية الآشورية
القادة والزعماء
روسا الأول أرگشتي الأول روسا الثاني سردور الثالث إريمنا روسا الثالث روسا الرابع	توكلات أپي الإشارة الثالث سرگون الثاني سناحريب آسرحدون آشوربانيپال

حرب آشور-أورارتو كانت نزاعاً بين مملكة أورارتو والإمبراطورية الآشورية الحديثة. بدأت الحرب حوالي 714 ق.م.، بغزو أورارتو من قِبل الملك الآشوري سرگون الثاني. Sargon led multiple offensives deep into Urartian territory, amassing numerous victories in the war. Following his death, however, Urartian Kings Argishti II and Rusa II launched many successful counterattacks, reclaiming Urartu's lost territory and gaining some from Assyria. However, their successors suffered multiple major defeats, resulting in Urartu becoming an Assyrian client state.

 خلفية

The Iron Age Kingdom of Urartu began its rise to power in the mid-9th century BC. Within a century, the relatively new state had conquered the majority of what were to later be known as the Armenian Highlands. However, the Assyrian King Tiglath-Pileser III saw the rising Kingdom of Urartu as a growing threat to the safety of his empire. The Assyrian leadership deemed that they must end this threat through direct confrontation with the young kingdom.

 المراحل المبكرة

Topzawa stele. Bilingual inscriptions, Assyrian and Urartian. It narrates the military accomplishments of the Urartian king Rusas I and the clashes with the Assyrian army. Belonged to the kingdom of Musasir at Sidekan village, Erbil, Iraq. Erbil Civilization Museum, Iraqi Kurdistan

In 714 BC, King Sargon II led an offensive into Urartian territory. His early victories, especially at the Battle of Lake Urmia and his ransack of the head Uratuan temple at Mushashir, almost caused total defeat for his Uratuan counterpart, King Rusa I.

 الهجوم المضاد من أورارتو

After Sargon's death in 706 BC, King Rusa's successor, Argishti II, launched a major counterattack, with his forces driving the Assyrians back across the pre-war border and deep into Assyrian colonies in northwestern Iran, reconquering major towns and cities around Lake Urmia, including Mushashir, Ushnu, and Tepe.

 النصر الآشوري

The borders of Urartu and its neighbors during the final years of its existence, 610–585 BC.

After the Uratuan victories during the early part of King Argishti II's reign, Urartu experienced a "Golden Age" characterized by a lengthy peace and economic prosperity throughout the remainder of Arghisti's reign and the entire rule of his successor, Rusa II. However, King Rusa III was repeatedly defeated by the Assyrians. This ultimately turned Urartu into an Assyrian client state, used as a buffer on the northern borders of this powerful empire.

 الأعقاب

Both states did not last long after the end of the war. The Assyrian capital, Nineveh, was sacked and destroyed by a coalition of its former subject peoples, the Babylonians, Chaldeans, Medes, Persians, Scythians and Cimmerians, in 612 BC, with Assyria finally falling by 609 BC. The Medes and Scythians then turned on the remnants of Urartu, destroying it c. 590 BC.^{[بحاجة لمصدر]}

 انظر أسضاً

• Military history of the Neo-Assyrian Empire