عربة خزان
العربة الخزان (tank car ؛ الاتحاد الدولي للسكك الحديدية (UIC): tank wagon) هي نوع من railroad car (UIC: railway car) or rolling stock designed to transport liquid and gaseous commodities.
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التاريخ
خط زمني
The following major events occurred in the years noted:
- 1865: Flatcars with banded wooden planks or decking mounted on top are employed for the first time to transport crude oil from the fields of Pennsylvania during the Pennsylvanian oil rush.
- 1869: Wrought iron tanks, with an approximate capacity of 3,500 US gal (13 m3; 2,900 imp gal) per car, replace wooden tanks.
- 1888: Tank-car manufacturers sell units directly to the oil companies, with capacities ranging from 6,000 to 10,000 US gal (23–38 m3; 5,000–8,300 imp gal).
- 1903: Tank-car companies develop construction safety standards. More than 10,000 tank cars are in operation.
- 1915: A classification system is developed by the tank-car industry to ensure the correct match of car type to product being shipped. Some 50,000 tank cars are in use.
- 1930: 140,000 tank cars transport some 103 commodities.
- 1940s: Virtually every tank car is engaged in oil transport in support of the war effort.
- 1945–1950: Welding replaces riveting in car construction (both underframes and tanks) for the major manufacturers, including American Car & Foundry and General American.
- 1950: Pipelines and tank trucks begin to compete for liquid transport business.
- 1963: The Union Tank Car Company introduces the "Whale Belly" tank car.
الحاويات الخزانية
A tank container, also known as ISO tank, is a specialized type of container designed to carry bulk liquids, such as chemicals, liquid hydrogen, gases and foodgrade products. Both hazardous and non hazardous products can be shipped in tank containers. A standard tank container is 20 feet (6.10 m) long, 8 feet (2.44 m) high and 8 feet (2.44 m) wide. The tank, which is made from stainless steel, is held within a box-shaped frame with the same shape as an intermodal container. This allows it to be carried on multiple modes of transport, such as truck, rail and ship.
العربة الطوربيد
A torpedo car or bottle car is a type of railroad car used in steel mills to haul molten pig iron from the blast furnace لتبدأ عملية صناعة الصلب الأساسية.
انظر أيضاً
الهامش
المراجع
- Herron, Jim (April 2002). "History Of The Rail Tank Car". e-Train, the online magazine of the Train Collectors Association. Retrieved January 21, 2012.
- قالب:White - American railroad freight car