كتسال‌تنانگو

Coordinates: 14°50′N 91°31′W / 14.833°N 91.517°W / 14.833; -91.517
(تم التحويل من Quetzaltenango)
Quetzaltenango
Xelajú
City
Xela 2013.jpg
علم Quetzaltenango
Flag
الختم الرسمي لـ Quetzaltenango
الشعار
Quetzaltenango is located in گواتيمالا
Quetzaltenango
Quetzaltenango
الموقع في جواتيمالا
الإحداثيات: 14°50′40″N 91°30′05″W / 14.84444°N 91.50139°W / 14.84444; -91.50139
Country گواتيمالا
DepartmentVlagquetzaltenango.gif كتسال‌تنانگو
FoundationMay 7, 1524
الحكومة
 • النوعMunicipality
 • العمدةLuis Grijalva Minera, Encuentro por Guatemala
المساحة
 • City120 كم² (50 ميل²)
المنسوب
2٬330 m (7٬640 ft)
التعداد
 (2011 Estimate)
 • City225٬000
 • العمرانية
661٬375
صفة المواطنQuetzalteca/o
منطقة التوقيتUTC-6 (Central America)
ClimateOceanic climate: subtropical highland variety (Cwb)

كتسال‌تنانگو Quetzaltenango، وتُعرف أيضاً بإسمها في لغة المايا، شـِلاخو myn أو شـِلا [ˈʃela]، هي ثاني أكبر مدينة في گواتيمالا.[1] It is both the capital of Quetzaltenango Department and the municipal seat of Quetzaltenango municipality.

It has an estimated population of 224,703. The population is about 61% indigenous or Amerindian, 34% Mestizo or ladino and 5% white Latin American. Quetzaltenango is located in a mountain valley at an elevation of 2,330 meters (7,640 feet) above sea level at its lowest part. It may reach above 2,400 meters within the city.

The Municipality of Quetzaltenango consists of an area of 127 square kilometres (49 sq mi). Municipalities abutting the municipality of Quetzaltenango include Salcajá, Cantel, Almolonga, Zunil, El Palmar, Concepción Chiquirichapa, San Mateo, La Esperanza, Olintepeque, and San Andrés Xecul. All these municipalities are part of the Department of Quetzaltenango, except San Andrés Xecul which is a part of the Department of Totonicapán.

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التاريخ

المنتزه المركزي في كتسال‌تنانگو، ح. 1894

In Pre-Columbian times Quetzaltenango was a city of the Mam Maya people called Xelajú, although by the time of the Spanish Conquest it had become part of the K'iche' Kingdom of Q'umarkaj. The name may be derived from xe laju' noj meaning "under ten mountains". The city was said to have already been over 300 years old when the Spanish first arrived. With the help of his allies, Conquistador Pedro de Alvarado defeated and killed the Maya ruler Tecún Umán here. When Alvarado conquered the city for Spain in the 1520s, he called it by the Nahuatl name used by his Central Mexican Indian allies, "Quetzaltenango", generally considered to mean "the place of the quetzal bird." Quetzaltenango became the city's official name in colonial times. However, many people (especially the indigenous population) continue to call the city "شـِلاخو" (pronounced shay-lah-WHO) or more commonly "Xela" for short, and some proudly, but unofficially, consider it the "capital of the Mayas".[بحاجة لمصدر]

From 1838 to 1840 Quetzaltenango was capital of the state of Los Altos, one of the states or provinces of the Federal Republic of Central America. As the union broke up, the army of Guatemala under Rafael Carrera conquered Quetzaltenango making it again part of Guatemala.[بحاجة لمصدر] In 1850, the city had a population of approximately 20,000.[2]

During the 19th century, coffee was introduced as a major crop in the area. As a result, the economy of Xela prospered. Much fine Belle Époque architecture can still be found in the city.


ثورة كتسال‌تكا 1897

Vista general de Quetzaltenango en 1896.[3]
Edificio de las Facultades de Quetzaltenango en 1896.[3]
النصب التذكارية لثورة كتسال‌تكا 1897
نصب وپانثيون الشهداء.
Original model of the Commemorative Arc of the gesta of 1897, as it is in 2014.
قبر الشهداء في مقبرة كتسال‌تنانگو.
القوس التذكاري لثورة 1897، بني في 2007.
في مدينة كتسال‌تنانگو there are two main monuments of the 1897 gestation: the Pantheon of the Martyrs in the General Cemetery of the city, erected in 1897, and the Arc of the Sixth State and Victims of the Revolution of 1897 . The arch was inaugurated on September 13, 2007 and is located at the main entrance of the city of Quetzaltenango, near the monument to the marimba. In the facades of the monument can be read: The Love of Freedom made them Heroes, the Hate of the Tyrants made them Martyrs . At the top was placed the statue of the "Lion" g elaborated at the beginning of 1900.

المدينة

أفق كتسال‌تنانگو من سفح الجبل المجاور في 2009.
صورة ساتلية تظهر كتسال‌تنانگو وبركان سانتا ماريا

المناخ

مرتفعات مزروعة
Climate data for كتسال‌تنانگو - Labor Ovalle Weather Station (Temp.: 1991−2010 / Prec.: 1980−2010
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 28.4
(83.1) 		29.8
(85.6) 		29.8
(85.6) 		28.2
(82.8) 		29.4
(84.9) 		26.5
(79.7) 		25.2
(77.4) 		25.0
(77.0) 		26.0
(78.8) 		25.2
(77.4) 		25.6
(78.1) 		26.2
(79.2) 		29.8
(85.6)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 22.0
(71.6) 		23.5
(74.3) 		25.5
(77.9) 		23.8
(74.8) 		23.1
(73.6) 		21.9
(71.4) 		21.9
(71.4) 		22.1
(71.8) 		20.9
(69.6) 		21.7
(71.1) 		21.3
(70.3) 		22.1
(71.8) 		22.5
(72.5)
Daily mean °C (°F) 12.9
(55.2) 		13.7
(56.7) 		14.8
(58.6) 		15.8
(60.4) 		15.8
(60.4) 		15.6
(60.1) 		15.8
(60.4) 		15.8
(60.4) 		15.2
(59.4) 		15.0
(59.0) 		14.0
(57.2) 		13.2
(55.8) 		14.7
(58.5)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 2.3
(36.1) 		2.9
(37.2) 		3.9
(39.0) 		6.3
(43.3) 		8.8
(47.8) 		9.3
(48.7) 		8.2
(46.8) 		8.5
(47.3) 		9.0
(48.2) 		8.4
(47.1) 		6.0
(42.8) 		2.8
(37.0) 		6.4
(43.4)
Record low °C (°F) −11.5
(11.3) 		−5.4
(22.3) 		−5.2
(22.6) 		−3.6
(25.5) 		0.6
(33.1) 		1.0
(33.8) 		2.5
(36.5) 		0.5
(32.9) 		1.0
(33.8) 		0.0
(32.0) 		−5.5
(22.1) 		−5.4
(22.3) 		−11.5
(11.3)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 1.80
(0.07) 		5.50
(0.22) 		14.44
(0.57) 		41.16
(1.62) 		131.55
(5.18) 		147.77
(5.82) 		98.65
(3.88) 		106.95
(4.21) 		134.67
(5.30) 		93.55
(3.68) 		18.68
(0.74) 		7.08
(0.28) 		801.8
(31.57)
Average rainy days (≥ 0.1 mm) 0.8 0.93 2.33 5.87 16.8 21.93 18.0 17.53 22.8 14.47 5.67 2.13 129.26
Average relative humidity (%) 65.68 63.05 64.5 68.4 74.5 79.37 74.47 76.05 81.16 79.32 72.65 68.63 72.32
Mean monthly sunshine hours 249.57 240.27 249.33 212.77 167.14 142.32 185.27 187.51 135.61 156.94 199.15 228.69 2٬354٫57
Source: Instituto Nacional de Sismologia, Vulcanologia, Meteorologia, e Hidrologia[4]


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الاقتصاد

التمثيل القنصلي

العلاقات الدولية

انظر أيضاً: List of twin towns and sister cities in Guatemala

البلدات التوأم - المدن الشقيقة

كتسال‌تنانگو متوأمة مع:

انظر أيضاً

References

  1. ^ About Quetzaltenango, Xelaju
  2. ^ Baily, John (1850). Central America; Describing Each of the States of Guatemala, Honduras, Salvador, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica. London: Trelawney Saunders. pp. 84–85.
  3. ^ أ ب Mora 1897, p. 198.
  4. ^ "Ministerio de comunicaciones Infraestructura y Vivienda". August 2011. Retrieved 2011-08-04.
  5. ^ Pessotto, Lorenzo. "International Affairs - Twinnings and Agreements". International Affairs Service in cooperation with Servizio Telematico Pubblico. City of Torino. Archived from the original on 2013-06-18. Retrieved 2013-08-06.

وصلات خارجية

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Quetzaltenango.

14°50′N 91°31′W / 14.833°N 91.517°W / 14.833; -91.517 قالب:Quetzaltenango Department

الكلمات الدالة:
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