پشيسوخا Przysucha

يجب ألا يـُخلـَط بينها وبين Peshischa (Hasidic group).

للمزيد من المعلومات: Timeline of Treblinka

پشيسوخا Przysucha
كولاج
Coat of arms
پشيسوخا
الإحداثيات: 51°22′N 20°37′E
البلد	بولندا
الڤويڤودية	مازوڤيا
المقاطعة	پشيسوخا
گمينا	پشيسوخا
تأسست	القرن 15
حقوق البلدة	1710
الحكومة
• العمدة	Tadeusz Tomasik
المساحة
• الإجمالي	6٫98 كم² (2٫69 ميل²)
التعداد  (2006)
• الإجمالي	6٬245
• الكثافة	890/km2 (2٬300/sq mi)
منطقة التوقيت	UTC+1 (CET)
• الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي)	UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code	26-400
مفتاح الهاتف	+48 48
Car plates	WPY
الموقع الإلكتروني	przysucha.pl

پشيسوخا (Przysucha ؛ [pʂɨˈsuxa]) هي بلدة في جنوب وسط پولندا. وتقع في پولندا الصغرى التاريخية، وهي جزء من ڤويڤودية مازوڤيا, على بعد نحو 100 كم جنوب غرب رادوم. وهي عاصمة مقاطعة پشيسوخا، والبلدة 6,762 نسمة (2004). واسمها باليديشية هو פּשיסכע أو פשיסחא أو פשיסכא (تُنطَق: Pshiskhe). في الماضي، كانت مقر لعدد من الحاخامات الحسيدية، مثل اليهودي الصالح و سمحا بونيم من پشيسوخا.

تطل پشيسوخا على نهر رادومكا، على الطريق الوطني رقم 12 (الذي سيصبح في المستقبل Expressway S12). محطة السكك الحديدية پشيسوخا تقع في قرية Skrzyńsko، على الخط من رادوم إلى ووتش.

 التاريخ

First mention of Przesucha, as it was known then, comes from 1415. In the early 16th century, the village belonged to the Morsztyn family. Przysucha had a public house, a watermill, and a forge, and it belonged to the parish of Skrzyńsko. On December 11, 1710, upon a royal privilege, issued by King Augustus II the Strong, artisans were allowed to settle in the town, and a weekly market was established. Later on, two markets a week were permitted, and a manufactory was opened in town, along the Radomka river.

أطلال الكنيس الكبير

كنيس پشيسوخا في 2007

German artisans from Silesia and Saxony founded in the early 18th century a settlement called Czermno, which today is part of Przysucha. In Przysucha itself, the number of Jews rapidly grew. At that time, the town was a major center of Hasidism. In 1777, Przysucha had 39 German, 85 Jewish, and 29 Polish houses. The town was divided into three parts - Germans lived in Czermno, Jews in Przysucha, and Poles - in Urszulin. Przysucha also was one of centers of early industry. In the late 18th century, it had a blast furnace, a sawmill, and a paper mill. Since its origins to 1795 Przysucha belonged to Sandomierz Voivodeship.

After the Partitions of Poland, the period of prosperity ended. Przysucha remained a private town, and its industry was obsolete. In 1870, Tsarist authorities deprived Przysucha of its town rights.

Przysucha was a center of Chassidic Judaism. Seven important Hasidic rebbes are buried in the town's Jewish cemetery, established soon after Jews settled in the area in 1713. The Przysucha Synagogue was built between 1764 and 1777, and is the largest extant baroque synagogue in Poland.

Jews numbered 2,980 out of 4,850 residents in 1939. During World War II, Przysucha was bombed on September 6, 1939, when 70 houses were destroyed. Germans opened a ghetto with more than 5,000 Jews and murdered most of them at the Treblinka extermination camp.

Underground resistance was strong in Przysucha and the county. On September 6, 1944, German forces lost 140 soldiers, and 230 were wounded in a battle near the village of Stefanów. Soviet troops entered the town on January 17, 1945.

 منذ الحرب العالمية الثانية

Immediately after the war, Przysucha had 1,500 inhabitants. In 1956 it became the seat of a county, and two years later it regained its town rights. During Communist times, several enterprises were opened there - clay mine, ceramics factory, fruit and vegetable processor.

وبين معالمها:

• classicist parish church (1780-1786),
• 19th century houses,
• Dembiński Manor House - currently a museum,
• Jewish cemetery,
• monument of Polish soldiers in a town square.

 وصلات خارجية

• (in پولندية) Przysucha local government webpage
• Przysucha on the map, via www.pilot.pl
• Jewish Community in Przysucha on Virtual Shtetl

1. تحويل قالب:مقاطعة پشيسوخا