فيالق السلام

فيالق السلام

Peace Corps logo (1961)
استعراض الوكالة
تشكلت	1 مارس 1961 (1961-03-01
المقر الرئيسي	Washington, D.C
الميزانية السنوية	$374.25 million (2011 fiscal year)
تنفيذي الوكالةs	Aaron S. Williams, Director Carrie Hessler-Radelet, Deputy Director
الموقع الإلكتروني	www.peacecorps.gov

فيالق السلام Peace Corps هي برنامج تنمية تديره حكومة الولايات المتحدة. فرق السلام لها ثلاثة أهداف: عرض المساعدات التقنية ومساعدة الأشخاص خارج الولايات المتحدة فهم الثقافة الأمريكية ومساعدة الأمريكيين فهم ثقافات لدول مختلفة حول العالم. يركز عمل فرق السلام على تنمية اجتماعية واقتصادية بصورة عامة. كل مشارك موطن أمريكي حاصل على شهادة جامعية ويعمل في الخارج لمدة 24 شهر بالإضافة 3 شهور تدريب. يعمل المتطوعون مع حكومات ومدرس ومنظمات غير ربحية و رواد في التعليم والجوع وتجارة وتقنية المعلومات والزراعة والبيئة. بعد 24 شهرا من الخدمة، يستطيع المتطوعون أن يطلبوا تمديد مدة خدمتهم.

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 التاريخ

John F. Kennedy greets volunteers on August 28, 1961

 1950–1959

Peace Corps headquarters at 1111 20th Street, NW in downtown Washington, D.C.

 1960–1969

Fragment of a 1965 in-country identification card

 الدول الحالية

orange: the current 68 countries served by Peace Corps Volunteers
purple: countries formerly served by PCVs

 القوانين التي تنظم فيالق السلام

 القوانين العامة

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 القيادة

 الإدارة

Director Aaron S. Williams

	Director	Service Dates	Appointed by	Notes
1	R. Sargent Shriver	1961–1966	Kennedy	President Kennedy appointed Shriver three days after signing the executive order. Volunteers arrived in five countries during 1961. In just under six years, Shriver developed programs in 55 countries with more than 14,500 volunteers.
2	Jack Vaughn	1966–1969	Johnson	Vaughn improved marketing, programming, and volunteer support as large numbers of former volunteers joined the staff. He also promoted volunteer assignments in conservation, natural resource management, and community development.
3	Joseph Blatchford	1969–1971	Nixon	Blatchford served as head of the new ACTION agency, which included the Corps. He created the Office of Returned Volunteers to help volunteers serve in their communities at home, and initiated New Directions, a program emphasizing volunteer skills.
4	Kevin O'Donnell	1971–1972	Nixon	O'Donnell's appointment was the first for a former Peace Corps country director (Korea, 1966–70). He fought budget cuts, and believed strongly in a non-career Peace Corps.
5	Donald Hess	1972–1973	Nixon	Hess initiated training of volunteers in the host country where they would eventually serve, using host country nationals. The training provided more realistic preparation, and costs dropped for the agency. Hess also sought to end the down-sizing of the Peace Corps.
6	Nicholas Craw	1973–1974	Nixon	Craw sought to increase the number of volunteers in the field and to stabilize the agency's future. He introduced a goal-setting measurement plan, the Country Management Plan, which gained increased Congressional support and improved resource allocation across the 69 participating countries.
7	John Dellenback	1975–1977	Ford	Dellenback improved volunteer health care available. He emphasized recruiting generalists. He believed in committed applicants even those without specific skills and instead training them for service.
8	Carolyn R. Payton	1977–1978	Carter	Payton was the first female director and the first African American. She focused on improving volunteer diversity.
9	Richard F. Celeste	1979–1981	Carter	Celeste focused on the role of women in development and increased women and minority participation, particularly for staff positions. He invested heavily in training, including the development of a worldwide core curriculum.
10	Loret Miller Ruppe	1981–1989	Reagan	Ruppe was the longest-serving director and championed women in development roles. She launched the Competitive Enterprise Development program, the Caribbean Basin Initiative, the Initiative for Central America and the African Food Systems Initiative.
11	Paul Coverdell	1989–1991	G.H.W. Bush	Coverdell established two programs with a domestic focus. World Wise Schools enabled U.S. students to correspond with overseas volunteers. Fellows/USA assisted Returned Peace Corps volunteers in pursuing graduate studies while serving local communities.
12	Elaine Chao	1991–1992	G.H.W. Bush	Chao was the first Asian American director. She expanded Peace Corps' presence in Eastern Europe and Central Asia by establishing the first Peace Corps programs in Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, and other newly independent countries.
13	Carol Bellamy	1993–1995	Clinton	Bellamy was the first RPCV (Returned Peace Corps volunteer) (Guatemala 1963–65) to be director. She reinvigorated relations with former volunteers and launched the Corps' web site.
14	Mark D. Gearan	1995–1999	Clinton	Gearan established the Crisis Corps, a program that allows former volunteers to help overseas communities recover from natural disasters and humanitarian crises. He supported expanding the corps and opened new volunteer programs in South Africa, Jordan, Bangladesh and Mozambique.
15	Mark L. Schneider	1999–2001	Clinton	Schneider was the second RPCV (El Salvador, 1966–68) to head the agency. He launched an initiative to increase volunteers' participation in helping prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS in Africa, and also sought volunteers to work on information technology projects.
16	Gaddi Vasquez	2002–2006	G.W. Bush	Gaddi H. Vasquez was the first Hispanic American director. His focus was to increase volunteer and staff diversity.
17	Ron Tschetter	September 2006 – 2008	G.W. Bush	The third RPCV to head the agency, Tschetter served in India in the mid-1960s. He launched an initiative known as the "50 and Over," to increase the participation of older men and women.
18	Aaron S. Williams	August 2009 – present	Obama	Aaron S. Williams became director on August 24, 2009. Mr. Williams is the fourth director to have served as a volunteer.

 انظر أيضاً

• List of returned Peace Corps Volunteers
• AmeriCorps
• British Romanian Educational Exchange
• CUSO
• European Voluntary Service
• Fredskorpset
• International Voluntary Services
• JICA (Japan International Cooperation Agency)
• Korea International Cooperation Agency
• National Peace Corps Association
• Provincial Reconstruction Team
• United Nations Volunteers
• United States Cultural Exchange Programs
• Voluntary Service Overseas

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 قراءات أخرى

• Dillon Banegay (2000). So You Want to Join the Peace Corps: What to Know Before You Go. Ten Speed Press, Berkeley, California.
• Czernek, Andrew (2012). Summary of studies done of returned Peace Corps volunteers (RPCVs)
• Jahn, GC (1992). "Entomology with the Peace Corps in Thailand." American Entomologist 38(1):10–11.
• Travis Hellstrom (2010). Unofficial Peace Corps Volunteer Handbook Written by Peace Corps Volunteers.
• Peace Corps Writers. "A Bibliography of Writings by Returned Peace Corps Volunteers by Countries of Service" Peace Corps Writers.
• In March 2011, the VOA Special English service of the Voice of America broadcast a 15-minute program on the Peace Corps and its 50th anniversary. A transcript and MP3 of the program, intended for English learners, can be found at "Peace Corps at 50: Same Mission of Aid, Just Smaller".
• Moseley, W.G. and P. Laris. 2008. “West African Environmental Narratives and Development-Volunteer Praxis.” Geographical Review. 98(1): 59–81.
• Moseley, W.G. 2011. “What I Tell My Students.” In: Barlow, A (ed). One Hand Does Not Catch a Buffalo: 50 Years of Amazing Peace Corps Stories. Volume One: Africa. Pp. 68–74. http://works.bepress.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1074&context=william_moseley&sei-redir=1#search="

 وصلات خارجية

• Official website
• National Peace Corps Association
• Peace Corps Journals First-person archives of Peace Corps stories from volunteers in the field.
• Peace Corps Wiki Collaborative institutional memory; the "wikipedia" of Peace Corps with 6,944 pages written and edited by (R)PCVs and Friends of Peace Corps from around the world.
• Violent Crimes Against Peace Corps Volunteers 1989 – 2010 (.pdf) (As reported in the Office of Inspector General’s Semiannual Reports to Congress)
• First Response Action (Advocates for a stronger Peace Corps response for Volunteers who are survivors or victims of physical and sexual violence)
• Moseley, W.G. 2008. “Let’s not pull back on the Peace Corps.” Minneapolis StarTribune. Dec 11
• Letter from JFK Welcoming the First Peace Corps Volunteers, May 1961 Shapell Manuscript Foundation