مانزانيو، كوليما Manzanillo, Colima

Manzanillo, Colima
City
أعلى: Santiago Bay in Manzanillo, وسط: Mandevillas and Palm Trees, Sculpture "Pez Vela", La Punta, Tesoro Manzanillo Hotel, أسفل: Barceló Karmina
الشعار
Manzanillo, Colima Location in Mexico Manzanillo, Colima Manzanillo, Colima (المكسيك) Show map of ColimaShow map of المكسيكأظهر الكل
الإحداثيات: 19°03′08″N 104°18′57″W
Country	المكسيك
State	Colima
Municipality	Manzanillo
الحكومة
• Mayor	Griselda Martinez Martinez (MORENA)
المساحة
• Municipality	1٬578٫4 كم² (609٫4 ميل²)
المنسوب	20 m (70 ft)
التعداد  (2020)
• الإجمالي	159٬853
منطقة التوقيت	UTC−6 (CST)
• الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي)	UTC−5 (CDT)
Postal code	28200 through 28887
الموقع الإلكتروني	www.manzanillo.gob.mx

مانزانيو (Manzanillo ؛ es) is a city and seat of Manzanillo Municipality, in the Mexican state of Colima. The city, located on the Pacific Ocean, contains Mexico's busiest port, responsible for handling Pacific cargo for the Mexico City area. It is the largest-producing municipality for the business sector and tourism in the small state of Colima.

The city has been referred to as the "sailfish capital of the world". Since 1957, it has hosted national and international fishing competitions, such as the Dorsey Tournament. Manzanillo has developed as a destination for international tourism.

 أصل الاسم

In the year 1800 in front of the fiscal dock area there was a leafy Manzanilla tree, from which the locals took the current name of Manzanillo. They could not call it Manzanilla since in the coastal area of ​​Jalisco there was already a port with that name, so instead of being "feminine", it was "masculine". 7 The Spanish called all trees with red or green balls Manzanillas, from these, according to the Spanish themselves, the Carib archer Indians made the herb that they shoot with their arrows. If someone sleeps near this tree, when they wake up they will have swollen eyes, a headache and pain in the genitals, a drop of dew from this tree is enough to cause blindness.

However, in the Nahuatl language, the name of Manzanillo is Cozcatlan, from Cozcatl (necklace or choker) and Tlan (place), which means "Place of jewels, necklaces, chokers" or also "Where necklaces are made"; judging by the archaeological findings in the region. In fact, it was said that Salagua was a supplier of pearls or jewelry to the Mexicas during the 15th century until the arrival of the Spanish. From that phrase that describes Colima as "Sea and palm trees at the foot of the volcano", Manzanillo is only affected by the part of the sea and the palm trees, because of the volcano only a tiny part of its peak can be seen from the Cerro del Toro (the highest in Manzanillo). What is abundant in the municipality are the palm trees, which sway to the rhythm of the wind coming from the Pacific Ocean; this bathes its two bays, Manzanillo and Santiago, covered by black sand due, precisely, to its volcanic origin.

 التاريخ

القرن 16

In 1522, Gonzalo de Sandoval, under orders from conquistador Hernán Cortés, dropped anchor in the Bay of Salagua (north of Manzanillo Bay), looking for safe harbors and good shipbuilding sites. In the year before he left, Sandoval granted an audience to local Native chieftains in a small cove, which today carries the name Playa de La Audiencia. A great part of his fleet, which left to conquer the Philippines, was constructed in Salagua.

خليج مانزانيو was discovered in 1527 by navigator Alvaro de Saavedra, naming it Santiago de la Buena Esperanza, or "St. James of Good Hope". Manzanillo was the third port created by the Spanish in the Viceroyalty of New Spain. It became a departure point for important expeditions. Cortés visited the bay twice to protect his galleons from Portuguese pirates. Over the next 300 years, the Pacific Coast's history is filled with accounts of pirates from Portugal, England, France and even Spain assaulting, looting and burning ships for their rich cargos.

In 1539, Francisco de Ulloa, in command of the ships Santa Águeda, Santo Tomás and La Trinidad, passed through the port of Santiago de Buena Esperanza, where he arrived to stock up on provisions, on his long reconnaissance voyage of the northwestern coast of New Spain, as far as the Gulf of California or Mar Bermejo. After these preliminary voyages, which touched the ports of Colima, many others followed, which marked them out mainly as places of stopover, shelter, hiding place, and very honorably as places of supply of food, firewood and water, which is why for several centuries it was an obligatory visit for those who sailed "along" the western coasts of New Spain.

الإگوانا في مانزانيو.

التماسيح في مانزانيو.

القرن 19

In 1825 the Port of Manzanillo opened, in recently independent Mexico, and so named because of the abundant groves of native Manzanilla (Hippomane mancinella) trees that were used extensively in the early days of shipbuilding. Manzanillo was raised to the status of a city on 15 June 1873. The railroad to Colima was completed in 1889.

القرن العشرون

In 1908, President Porfirio Diaz designated Manzanillo as an official port of entry to Mexico. It was the state capital of Colima from 20 February to 1 March 1915, while Pancho Villa's troops were threatening to capture the city of Colima.

القرن 21

 الوصف

In the 2005 census, the city of Manzanillo had a population of 110,728 and in 2010 its municipality had 161,420. It is the second-largest community in the state, after Colima, the capital. The municipality covers an area of 1,578.4 km² (609.42 sq mi), and includes such outlying communities as El Colomo, in addition to many smaller communities. Manzanillo is also a beach resort, and is one of many locations to promote themselves as the "sailfish capital" of the world. One way they promote that claim is by hosting a yearly sailfish fishing tournament. The Revillagigedo Islands, off the west coast of Mexico in the Pacific Ocean, are part of the municipality, but they are directly administered by the federal government.

Manzanillo is a sister city of the U.S. cities of Flagstaff, Arizona; San Pablo, California; and Saint Paul, Minnesota.

MS Queen Victoria at Manzanillo.

 السياحة

Bahía de Manzanillo

The city is well known internationally for deep-sea fishing and the green flash phenomenon during sunsets, as well as the warm waters of the ocean. The city is a destination resort and has many hotels and self-contained resorts, particularly built on the De Santiago peninsula which juts out into the Pacific north of the city centre. Also at the north end of Manzanillo bay is the resort Las Hadas ("the fairies"), which is the most famous of the city's resorts, having been featured in the movie 10 starring Bo Derek and Dudley Moore. Beach scenes were filmed on La Audencia Bay, just over the hill from Las Hadas. Manzanillo is a popular cruise ship port of call. Many tourists go from their cruise ships on city tours. Excellent swimming, snorkeling, and scuba diving is found in Santiago Bay, a few miles north of the city where a cargo ship sank in a hurricane in 1959. Other wrecks and reefs plentiful with fish are scattered throughout the bay. SS Golden Gate sank in 1862 in nearby Playa de Oro, which is named after the huge cargo of gold she was carrying. Optimists still search for gold on the beach.

Manzanillo is known as the Sailfish Capital of the World. Since 1957, it has hosted important national and international fishing competitions, such as the Dorsey Tournament, making it a very attractive fishing destination.

Manzanillo consists of two bays with crescent-shaped beaches, each about 4 miles in length. Bahía de Manzanillo is closer to downtown and is the older tourist section. Bahía de Santiago, to the west, is the newer and more upscale area. The two are separated by the Santiago Peninsula. Ship channels are located at the southeast end of Bahía de Manzanillo where large cruise ships enter the port area. Manzanillo was once the scene of piracy and adventure. By 2011, its peaceful bays and sophisticated tourist and port infrastructure had made it one of the main tourist resorts and trading centers in the west of Mexico.

On 6 July 2010, the Secretariat of Communications and Transportation (Secretaría de Comunicaciones y Transportes) opened a specialized dock for cruise ships at the port, which involved an investment of $100 million pesos (MXN) in the first stage. A second phase foresees the construction of a shopping centre.

 الجغرافيا

 المناخ

Manzanillo has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen climate classification Aw). The dry season, which is from November to May, has low amounts of precipitation, and temperatures tend to be cooler than in the wet season. The average temperature in March, the coolest month, is 24 °C (75 °F). The wet season, which runs from June to October, has warmer temperatures, averaging 28.3 °C (83 °F) in July, and humidity during this time is higher.

In 2012, the port of Manzanillo initiated an ecological project consisting of dredged canals and creating islands in the Lagoon of the Valle de las Garzas, a protected wildlife area. With this work, the port plans to increase the flow into the lagoon, thus increasing the viability of the enhanced ecosystem that includes the planting of 15,000 mangrove trees. Extensive use of geotextile tubes was included in the channel creation. These geotextile tubes were used to create two parallel breakwaters on either side of the dredged channels.

Climate data for مانزانيو (normals 1951–1980, extremes 1951–2000)

Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	34.7 (94.5)	34.2 (93.6)	35.6 (96.1)	35.4 (95.7)	36.9 (98.4)	39.1 (102.4)	37.5 (99.5)	39 (102)	37.3 (99.1)	39 (102)	34.8 (94.6)	33.7 (92.7)	39.1 (102.4)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	29.4 (84.9)	29.2 (84.6)	29 (84)	29.4 (84.9)	30.5 (86.9)	31.6 (88.9)	32.4 (90.3)	32.5 (90.5)	31.7 (89.1)	31.9 (89.4)	31.1 (88.0)	30 (86)	30.7 (87.3)
Daily mean °C (°F)	24.7 (76.5)	24.3 (75.7)	24 (75)	24.6 (76.3)	26.2 (79.2)	27.8 (82.0)	28.3 (82.9)	28.2 (82.8)	27.8 (82.0)	27.8 (82.0)	26.7 (80.1)	25.4 (77.7)	26.3 (79.3)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	20.3 (68.5)	19.8 (67.6)	19.5 (67.1)	20.5 (68.9)	22.5 (72.5)	24.6 (76.3)	24.9 (76.8)	24.8 (76.6)	24.5 (76.1)	24.3 (75.7)	22.9 (73.2)	21.5 (70.7)	22.5 (72.5)
Record low °C (°F)	12.5 (54.5)	13.7 (56.7)	14.2 (57.6)	15.7 (60.3)	16.1 (61.0)	18.8 (65.8)	17.6 (63.7)	20.2 (68.4)	20.6 (69.1)	19.3 (66.7)	18.5 (65.3)	14.5 (58.1)	12.5 (54.5)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	28.7 (1.13)	6.8 (0.27)	4.4 (0.17)	3.7 (0.15)	8.6 (0.34)	119.8 (4.72)	141.4 (5.57)	215.5 (8.48)	271.1 (10.67)	126.1 (4.96)	25.9 (1.02)	16.1 (0.63)	968.1 (38.11)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm)	1.58	0.60	0.24	0.20	0.73	8.90	13.66	15.03	15.79	7.29	1.53	1.60	67.12
Average relative humidity (%)	70	70	71	72	74	74	74	75	78	76	74	72	73
Mean monthly sunshine hours	248.8	240.7	262.2	265.8	284.8	235.7	211.2	208.4	191.8	232.5	242.7	229.8	2٬854٫4
Source 1: Colegio de Postgraduados
Source 2: Servicio Meteorológico Nacional

Manzanillo mean sea temperature

Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
27 °C (81 °F)	26 °C (79 °F)	26 °C (79 °F)	27 °C (81 °F)	28 °C (82 °F)	28 °C (82 °F)	29 °C (84 °F)	30 °C (86 °F)	29 °C (84 °F)	29 °C (84 °F)	29 °C (84 °F)	28 °C (82 °F)

 الإعصار پاتريشيا

On Friday, 23 October 2015, Manzanillo was caught in the path of Hurricane Patricia. A Category 5 on the Saffir Simpson Hurricane wind scale, it was the most powerful cyclone ever measured in the Western Hemisphere, with sustained winds speed up to 200 mph (320 km/h). Hurricane Patricia made landfall on 23 October at 7:45pm with catastrophic damage. The center of the storm hit just north of Manzanillo, saving the town from the 200 mph winds. Puerto Vallarta was also near the catastrophic damage zone. Wind and high surf created a catastrophic damage zone. Damage totaled at least $283 million.

 النقل

Manzanillo is the busiest port in Mexico, as measured by total tonnage and volume of containerized cargo. In 2007, the port moved 1.4 million TEUs and 18.0 million tons of total cargo. Port business experienced a significant surge during the USA's West Coast Lockout in Long Beach, California, in 2002. The port is connected by Ferromex rail lines to Guadalajara and Mexico City.

Manzanillo is also home to the Navy's Pacific Naval Force. Manzanillo also hosts the most efficient port for tuna landings in Mexico. It handles exports like fish, corn, copra, lemons, bananas, canned foods, wine, lumber, and minerals.

Manzanillo is well connected by Highway 200 to Colima City, to the Northwest and to Puerto Vallarta.

The Playa de Oro International Airport (ZLO) is a small airport located about 35 minutes north of Manzanillo along Highway 200. The airport offers international and national flights. In addition to flights to and from the US, the airport has international service to and from Canada. The airport is operated by "Grupo Aeroportuario del Pacifico". Ground transportation is limited to taxis and car rentals. It has daily domestic and international flights and has recently been remodeled.

 المدن الشقيقة

• مينيسوتا, سانت پول، مينيسوتا، الولايات المتحدة
• أريزونا, فلاگستاف، أريزونا، الولايات المتحدة
• كاليفورنيا, سان پابلو، كاليفورنيا، الولايات المتحدة
• سانتياگو، منطقة سانتياجو الكبرى
• نينگ‌بو، الصين
• ڤالپارايسو، تشيلى منطقة ڤالپارايسو
• وِيْ‌هاي، الصين

 انظر أيضاً

• Challenger (1853 clipper)

 وصلات خارجية

• Sinking of the SS Golden Gate
• Colima Enciclopedia de los Municipios de México (INAFED)
• Sister Cities International - Online Directory: Mexico, Americas
• Port of Manzanillo Archived 22 ديسمبر 2019 at the Wayback Machine