كروشڤاتس

Kruševac

Крушевац (صربية)
Kruševac Крушевац (صربية)
City
	City of Kruševac
	From top: Panorama of Kruševac, Town Hall, Slobodište Memorial Complex, Lazar Hrebeljanović's statue, The Kosovo Heroes monument, Lazarica Church, Kruševac Fortress
	Flag Coat of arms
	Kruševac Location of the city of Kruševac within SerbiaShow map of صربياShow map of Balkansأظهر الكل
	الإحداثيات: 43°34′50″N 21°19′50″E / 43.58056°N 21.33056°E
Country	صربيا
Region	Šumadija and Western Serbia
District	Rasina
Founded	1371
أسسها	Lazar of Serbia
Settlements	101
الحكومة
• Mayor	Ivan Manojlović (SNS)
المساحة
ترتيب المساحة	20th in Serbia
• Urban	18 كم² (7 ميل²)
• Administrative	854 كم² (330 ميل²)
المنسوب	163 m (535 ft)
التعداد (2022 census)
• الترتيب	8th in Serbia
• Urban	68٬119
• كثافة Urban	3٬800/km2 (9٬800/sq mi)
• Administrative	113٬582
• كثافة Administrative	130/km2 (340/sq mi)
منطقة التوقيت	UTC+1 (CET)
• الصيف (التوقيت الصيفي)	UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code	37000
Area code	+381(0)37
Car plates	KŠ
الموقع الإلكتروني	www.krusevac.rs

Kruševac (سيريلية صربية: Крушевац, sh) is a city and the administrative center of the Rasina District in central Serbia. It is located in the valley of West Morava, on Rasina river. According to the 2022 census, the city administrative area has a population of 113,582 while the urban area has 68,119 inhabitants.

The city was founded in 1371, by Prince Lazar of Serbia (1371–1389), who used it as his seat.

Etymology

The etymology is derived from the Serbian word for "river stone", krušac which was largely used for a building at that time.

History

Kruševac was founded in 1371, as a fortified town in the possession of Lord Lazar Hrebeljanović. The Lazarica Church (or Church of St, Stephen) was built by Lazar between 1375–78, in the Morava architectural style.^[3] It is mentioned in one of Lazar's edicts in 1387, as his seat, when he affirmed the rights of Venetian merchants on Serbian territory. In preparation for the Battle of Kosovo (1389) against the Ottoman Empire, the Serbian army assembled in the city. The site of Lazar's palace is marked by a ruined enclosure containing a fragment of the tower of his spouse Princess Milica, and, according to legend, tidings of the defeat were brought to her by crows from the battlefield. After the battle, the city was held by Princess Milica as her seat. The little that remains of Lazar's city is the Kruševac Fortress, which was declared a Cultural Monument of Exceptional Importance in 1979.^[4] Several old Ottoman houses were left at the beginning of the 20th century, besides an old Turkish fountain and bath, which was known as Alacahisar (Aladža Hisar) during Ottoman rule between 1427–1833 (nominally to 1867) when Kruševac was the seat of the Sanjak of Kruševac. The Ottoman rule was interrupted during Austrian occupations between 1688–1690 and 1717–1739.^{[بحاجة لمصدر]}

A large monument dedicated to Serbs fallen at the Battle of Kosovo was sculpted by Đorđe Jovanović and unveiled by King Petar I Karađorđević of Serbia in 1904. A detail on the monument, among others, is a statue of the famous blind Serbian poet Filip Višnjić.

At the beginning of the German occupation of Yugoslavia the units of Yugoslav Army in the Fatherland commanded by Dragutin Keserović and supported by one detachment of communists attacked the German garrison in September 1941 but failed to liberate the town after four days battle. During World War II mass executions of patriots and antifascists occurred on hill Bagdala. Largest execution was in summer of 1943. At place of executions now is a monument named Slobodište (from the Serbian word "sloboda", which means 'freedom'). Kruševac was liberated on 14 October when chetnik collaborators and Germans left the city together. After the regime of communists in Serbia ended the Government of Serbia and its Ministry of Justice established the commission to research atrocities that were committed by members of the Yugoslav Partisan Movement after they gained control over Serbia in Autumn 1944. According to the report of this commission, out of 55,554 registered victims of communist purges in Serbia the new communist regime in Kruševac killed 493 people while 11 people are missing.^[5]

Kruševac progressed profusely during the SFRY. A large number of factories were built in that era, while Kruševac became one of the strongest industrial centres in both Serbia and Yugoslavia. The machine factory IMK 14. oktobar Kruševac employed around 7,000 workers.

However, the large Kruševac industry hasn't survived the post-Milošević transition. In 2002 alone 5 factories went bankrupt.^[6] From 2002 to 2014 27 factories closed and around 11,000 workers lost their jobs.^[7] The unemployment rate in Kruševac was almost 39% in 2015.^[8]

Settlements

Aside from the urban area of Kruševac, the city administrative area includes the following 100 settlements:

Demographics

Historical population
Year	Pop.	±%
1948	13٬862	—
1953	16٬638	+20.0%
1961	21٬957	+32.0%
1971	29٬509	+34.4%
1981	53٬071	+79.8%
1991	58٬808	+10.8%
2002	57٬347	−2.5%
2011	58٬745	+2.4%
2022	53٬746	−8.5%
Source: ^[9]

According to the 2022 census results, the municipality of Kruševac has a total population of 113,582 inhabitants, while the city proper has a population of 53,746.

Ethnic groups

The ethnic composition of the city administrative area(at least 100 people):

Ethnic group	Population	%
Serbs	106,194	90.85%
Roma	2,063	1.82%
Yugoslavs	171	0.15%
Macedonians	129	0.11%
Montenegrins	119	0.11%
Others	1,391	1.23%
Unknown	3,515	3.1%
Total	113,582	100%

Economy

The most notable large companies based in the city of Kruševac are: Trayal Corporation, 14. oktobar, Rubin and Cooper Tire & Rubber Company Serbia. As of September 2017, Kruševac has one of 14 free economic zones established in Serbia.^[10]

The following table gives a preview of total number of registered people employed in legal entities per their core activity (as of 2022):^[11]

Activity	Total
Agriculture, forestry and fishing	359
Mining and quarrying	29
Manufacturing	10,245
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply	427
Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities	609
Construction	2,138
Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles	5,390
Transportation and storage	1,455
Accommodation and food services	1,204
Information and communication	403
Financial and insurance activities	581
Real estate activities	228
Professional, scientific and technical activities	1,240
Administrative and support service activities	821
Public administration and defense; compulsory social security	1,736
Education	2,289
Human health and social work activities	3,821
Arts, entertainment and recreation	593
Other service activities	594
Individual agricultural workers	1,464
Total	35,629

Politics

Seats in the city parliament won in the 2023 local elections:

Party	Seats
Serbian Progressive Party	42
Serbia Against Violence	18
Socialist Party of Serbia	5
NADA	3
National Gathering	2

Sports

The city's main football club is FK Napredak Kruševac, who regularly play in the Serbian SuperLiga.

Climate

أخفClimate data for Kruševac (1991–2020, extremes 1961–2020)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	20.4 (68.7)	25.5 (77.9)	29.6 (85.3)	32.1 (89.8)	35.5 (95.9)	39.6 (103.3)	43.7 (110.7)	42.4 (108.3)	37.8 (100.0)	34.4 (93.9)	27.4 (81.3)	21.7 (71.1)	43.7 (110.7)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	5.0 (41.0)	8.0 (46.4)	13.2 (55.8)	18.7 (65.7)	23.3 (73.9)	27.2 (81.0)	29.5 (85.1)	29.9 (85.8)	24.6 (76.3)	18.8 (65.8)	12.5 (54.5)	5.9 (42.6)	18.1 (64.6)
Daily mean °C (°F)	0.5 (32.9)	2.7 (36.9)	7.1 (44.8)	12.2 (54.0)	16.8 (62.2)	20.7 (69.3)	22.4 (72.3)	22.2 (72.0)	17.2 (63.0)	11.9 (53.4)	7.0 (44.6)	1.8 (35.2)	11.9 (53.4)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	−3.2 (26.2)	−1.8 (28.8)	1.7 (35.1)	5.9 (42.6)	10.3 (50.5)	14.1 (57.4)	15.4 (59.7)	15.1 (59.2)	11.1 (52.0)	6.6 (43.9)	2.5 (36.5)	−1.6 (29.1)	6.3 (43.3)
Record low °C (°F)	−28.1 (−18.6)	−24.6 (−12.3)	−17.2 (1.0)	−6.1 (21.0)	−1.1 (30.0)	2.9 (37.2)	5.8 (42.4)	3.0 (37.4)	−3.0 (26.6)	−7.3 (18.9)	−21.4 (−6.5)	−23.9 (−11.0)	−28.1 (−18.6)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	43.5 (1.71)	42.7 (1.68)	53.6 (2.11)	59.9 (2.36)	70.8 (2.79)	70.6 (2.78)	65.2 (2.57)	48.5 (1.91)	49.6 (1.95)	55.4 (2.18)	49.3 (1.94)	53.6 (2.11)	662.9 (26.10)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm)	12.9	12.6	12.7	12.7	13.0	10.7	10.2	8.0	9.7	10.0	10.3	13.2	136.0
Average snowy days	8.1	7.3	4.1	0.6	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.1	2.2	6.6	29.0
Average relative humidity (%)	84.1	78.7	71.7	70.4	73.3	71.0	68.2	68.1	72.8	78.2	80.5	84.8	75.2
Mean monthly sunshine hours	62.1	84.9	143.4	171.3	209.4	243.6	285.5	280.5	196.1	143.6	87.5	50.7	1٬958٫6
Source: Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia^[12]^[13]

Famous residents

Stefan Lazarević (1377–1427), medieval ruler of Serbia
Stojan Protić (1857–1923), Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes 1918–1919, 1920
Ljubinka Bobić (1897–1978), Serbian actress
Stanislav Binički (1872–1942), Serbian composer (Marš na Drinu)
Dobrica Ćosić (1921–2014), Serbian writer, first President of FR Yugoslavia
Taško Načić (1934–1993), Serbian actor
Miodrag Petrović Čkalja (1924–2003), One of the most popular Serbian comedians
Bata Paskaljević (1923–2004), Serbian actor
Radmila Savićević (1926–2001), Serbian actress
Ljiljana Jovanović (1930–2012), Serbian actress
America Alonso (1936–2022) Venezuelan actress
Miroslav Mišković (b. 1945), Serbian businessman
Dragiša Binić (b. 1961), Serbian footballer, 1990–91 European Cup winner
Milić Jovanović (b. 1966), Serbian footballer, 1990–91 European Cup winner
Ognjen Petrović (1948–2000), Serbian footballer
Nebojša Bradić (b. 1956), Serbian theatre director, and former Minister of Culture
Goran Grbović (b. 1961), Serbian basketball player, bronze medalist at the EuroBasket 1987
Vojin Ćetković (b. 1971), Serbian actor
Marko Živić (1972–2021), Serbian actor
Bojan Lazić (b. 1974), professional Serbian football player
Nataša Tapušković (b. 1975), Serbian actress
Branislav Trifunović (b. 1978), Serbian actor
Bojan Zajić (b. 1980), Serbian footballer
Aleksandar Mitrović (b. 1982), Serbian volleyball player
Predrag Pavlović (b. 1986), Serbian footballer
Milan Gajić (b. 1986), Serbian footballer
Nikola Milošević (b. 1993), Serbian footballer
Predrag Jovanović (b. 1950), Serbian musician
Dragan Milosavljević (b. 1989), Serbian basketball player, silver medalist at the EuroBasket 2017
Milica Todorović (born 1990), Serbian singer
Sanja Vučić (born 1993), Serbian singer who represented Serbia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2016 and the Eurovision Song Contest 2021
Ognjen Jaramaz (b. 1995), Serbian basketball player
Tijana Bogdanović (b. 1998), Serbian taekwondo practitioner, European champion and silver medalist at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Mimica Pavlović (b. 1984) Serbian footballer

International relations

Twin towns – Sister cities

Kruševac is twinned with:

Pistoia, Italy (1966) Trogir, Croatia (1972) Travnik, Bosnia and Herzegovina (1972) Corfu, Greece (1985)^[14]	Szentendre, Hungary (1990) Kiryat Gat, Israel (1990) Râmnicu Vâlcea, Romania (2003)