إنجابيركا

إنگاپيركا
Ingapirca
Hatun Cañar / إنكا پيركا
	إنگاپيركا، معبد الشمس
	كيتو إنگاپيركا إنجابيركا (الإكوادور)
المنطقة	مقاطعة كانيار
الإحداثيات	2°32′54.9168″S 78°52′18.768″W / 2.548588000°S 78.87188000°W
التاريخ
الثقافات	Inca
ملاحظات حول الموقع
الاتاحة للعامة	yes
الموقع الإلكتروني	http://www.complejoingapirca.gob.ec/

إنگاپيركا/إنجابيركا ( Ingapirca ؛ كيتشوا: Inka Pirka، "سور الإنكا") هي بلدة في مقاطعة كانيار، الإكوادور، واسم أطلال الإنكا القديمة والموقع الأثري القريب.^[1]^[2]

These are the largest known Inca ruins in Ecuador.^[3] The most significant building is the Temple of the Sun, an elliptically shaped building constructed around a large rock.

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التاريخ

Overall view of the site of Ingapirca

Wall ravine (Inga yunga)

This area had long been settled by the Cañari indigenous people, who called it Hatun Cañar. As the Inca Empire expanded into southern Ecuador, the Inca Túpac Yupanqui encountered the Cañari "Hatun Cañar" tribe. He had difficulties in conquering them. He used different political strategies, marrying the Cañari princess and improving the Cañari city of Guapondelig, calling it Tumebamba or Pumapungo (present-day Cuenca).^{[بحاجة لمصدر]}

The Inca and Cañari decided to settle their differences and live together peacefully. The astronomical observatory was built under Inca Huayna Capac. The Inca renamed the city as Ingapirca and kept most of their distinctive customs separately, as the Cañari did theirs. Although the Inca were more numerous, they did not demand that the Cañari give up their autonomy.^{[بحاجة لمصدر]}

The castle complex is of Cañari-Inca origin. Its purpose is uncertain. The complex was used as a fortress and storehouse from which to resupply Inca troops en route to northern Ecuador. At Ingapirca they also developed a complex underground aqueduct system to provide water to the entire compound.^{[بحاجة لمصدر]}

The Temple of the Sun is the most significant building whose partial ruins survive at the archeological site. It is constructed in the Inca way without mortar, as are most of the structures in the complex. The stones were carefully chiseled and fashioned to fit together perfectly. It was positioned in keeping with their beliefs and knowledge of the cosmos. Researchers have learned by observation that the Temple of the Sun was positioned so that on the solstices, at exactly the right time of day, sunlight would fall through the center of the doorway of the small chamber at the top of the temple. Most of this chamber has fallen down.^{[بحاجة لمصدر]}

The people had numerous ritual celebrations at the complex. They prepared gallons of a local fermented drink to consume in the rituals of these festivals. As sun and moon worshipers, they tried to be as close to their gods as possible, and built their monuments high in the mountains.

The weather changes rapidly, within minutes, ranging from calm and sunny one minute and rainy, windy, and cold another minute. This climate volatility is typical year round. The people felt strongly that this was the place where the gods had led them, regardless of the climate.^{[بحاجة لمصدر]}

السياحة

To visit Ingapirca, travelers can take a day tour from the city of Cuenca. They may also spend the night in the towns of El Tambo or Cañar and travel the next day to the site.^{[بحاجة لمصدر]}

الخريطة

Map of the Ingapirca site.

انظر أيضاً

هرم پونياي المفقود

المراجع

^ Hyslop, John (19 February 2014). Inka Settlement Planning. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press. p. 384. ISBN 9780292762640. Retrieved 13 November 2014.
^ Greenspan, Eliot (1 June 2011). Frommer's Ecuador and the Galapagos Islands (3rd ed.). USA: Frommer's. p. 214. ISBN 9781118100325. Retrieved 13 November 2014.
^ Lauderbaugh, George (22 February 2012). The History of Ecuador. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 5. ISBN 9780313362514. Retrieved 13 November 2014.

وصلات خارجية

(in إسپانية) Official website of the archaeological complex

[hyslop-1] Hyslop, John (19 February 2014). Inka Settlement Planning. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press. p. 384. ISBN 9780292762640. Retrieved 13 November 2014.

[frommers-2] Greenspan, Eliot (1 June 2011). Frommer's Ecuador and the Galapagos Islands (3rd ed.). USA: Frommer's. p. 214. ISBN 9781118100325. Retrieved 13 November 2014.

[lauderbaugh-3] Lauderbaugh, George (22 February 2012). The History of Ecuador. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 5. ISBN 9780313362514. Retrieved 13 November 2014.

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