ولاية حيدر آباد (1948-1956)

هذا المقال هو عن a State of India from 1948–1956. إذا كنت تريد the princely state of Hyderabad، انظر Hyderabad State. إذا كنت تريد the modern state، انظر Telangana.

Hyderabad State
State of India
1948–1956
درع
Hyderabad in India (1951)
المساحة
• Coordinates
التاريخ
التاريخ
• Hyderabad State formed from Princely State of Hyderabad	1948-09-17 1948
• Reorganised and renamed as Andhra Pradesh	1956-10-31 1956
سبقها تلاها Hyderabad State Andhra Pradesh (1956–2014) Mysore State Bombay State
اليوم جزء من	Telangana Maharashtra Karnataka
States of India since 1947

Hyderabad state until 1956

Hyderabad State was a state in Dominion and later Republic of India, formed after the accession of the State of Hyderabad into the Union on 17 September 1948. It existed from 1948 to 1956. Hyderabad State comprised present day Telangana, Marathwada, and Hyderabad-Karnataka.

Following the States Reorganisation Act, which implemented a linguistic reorganisation of states, the Hyderabad state was dissolved. Its different regions were merged with Andhra State, Mysore State and Bombay State respectively.

 History

المقالة الرئيسية: Annexation of Hyderabad

Annexation of Hyderabad

Major General Choudhary addressing crowds at Fateh Maidan as Nehru looks on

Following the Nizam's forces surrender on September 17, 1948, a military government headed by Major General J. N. Chaudhuri who led Operation Polo was established. A firman was issued by the Nizam on November 24, 1949 wherein he accepted henceforth the Indian Constitution to be applicable to the State of Hyderabad. The Instrument of Accession was signed by the Nizam on January 25, 1950. Later the next day, as India became a Republic on January 26, Nizam took over as the Raj Pramukh.

 Resolution at the United Nations

On September 20, 1948, during the 359th meeting of Security Council a representative from India informed that Nizam had instructed the representative of Hyderabad decided to withdraw the complaint from Security Council. On 22 September 1948 a cable sent by Nizam to Secretary General confirmed the same. The cable also stated that that Hyderabad delegation at United Nations ceased to have any authority to either represent Hyderabad or the Nizam. The Hyderabad delegation denied this, however on 24 September the delegation of Hyderabad confirmed the same and informed Security Council that Hyderabad State has surrendered and Government India had instructed Agents-General of Hyderabad to suspend all overseas activities.

 Government formation after Integration

First cabinet of the Hyderabad State

A military government headed by Major General J. N. Chaudhuri who led Operation Polo was established. He stayed on as Military Governor till December 1949. On 1 December 1949, the military government was dissolved and a civilian government headed by M. K. Vellodi was formed in its place. Later in 1952, Burgula Ramakrishna Rao became the second Chief Minister of Hyderabad State and the first democratically elected Chief Minister. The last Nizam Mir Osman Ali Khan continued as the head of state as Rajpramukh till 1956 when Hyderabad State was split on linguistic basis and reorganised into three states.

The state witnessed Mulkhi agitation in 1952 by the locals after government jobs meant for the locals were given to non-locals.

No	Portrait	Name	Term of office		Duration	Office(s) held
1		Mir Osman Ali Khan	26 January 1950	31 October 1956	6 years, 279 days	Rajpramukh

No	Portrait	Name	Term of office		Duration	Office(s) held
1		Jayanto Nath Chaudhuri	17 September 1948	1 December 1949	1 years, 75 days	Military Governor of Hyderabad

No	Portrait	Name	Term of office		Duration	Office(s) held
1		M. K. Vellodi	01 December 1949	6 March 1952	2 years, 96 days	Chief Minister of Hyderabad

No	Portrait	Name	Term of office		Duration	Office(s) held
1		Burgula Ramakrishna Rao	6 March 1952	31 October 1956	4 years, 239 days	Chief Minister of Hyderabad

 Elections

In the first State Assembly election in India, 1952, Dr. Burgula Ramakrishna Rao was elected Chief Minister of Hyderabad State. During this time there were violent agitations by some Telanganites to send back bureaucrats from Madras state, and to strictly implement 'Mulki-rules'(Local jobs for locals only), which was part of Hyderabad state law since 1919.

 List of districts of Hyderabad State

Administratively, Hyderabad State was made up of sixteen districts, grouped into four divisions:.

Official name	Division	Map
Aurangabad	Aurangabad Division
Bhir
Nander
Parbhani
Bidar	Gulbarga Division
Gulbarga
Osmanabad
Raichur
Atraf-i-Baldah	Gulshanabad (Medak) Division
Mahbubnagar
Medak
Nalgonda
Nizamabad
Adilabad	Warangal Division
Karimnagar
Warangal

 Reorganisation on linguistic basis

1956 map showing Hyderabad state in yellowish green. After the state reorganisation in 1956, regions west of the red and blue lines merged with Bombay and Mysore State respectively and the remaining part (Telangana) was merged with Andhra State to form Andhra Pradesh.

In 1956 during the reorganisation of the Indian states based along linguistic lines, the Telugu-speaking region of the state of Hyderabad State was merged with Andhra State. The Marathi speaking region was merged with Bombay State and Kannada speaking region with Mysore State.

The States Reorganisation Commission (SRC) was not in favour of an immediate merger of Telugu-speaking Telangana region of Hyderabad State with Andhra State, despite their common language. Para 378 of the SRC report said One of the principal causes of opposition of Vishalandhra also seems to be the apprehension felt by the educationally backward people of Telangana that they may be swamped and exploited by the more advanced people of the coastal areas.

Andhra and the Telugu speaking parts of Hyderabad State were merged to form Andhra Pradesh on 1 November 1956, after providing safeguards to Telangana in the form of Gentlemen's agreement. In June 2014, Andhra Pradesh was split and Telangana was created as a separate state. Hyderabad city remained as the joint capital of both Andhra Pradesh and Telangana for 10 years till 1st June 2024.

 Sources

• Chandra, Bipan; Mukherjee, Aditya; Mukherjee, Mridula (2008), India Since Independence, Penguin Books India, ISBN 978-0-14-310409-4, https://books.google.com/books?id=dE9qEg-NgHMC 
• Noorani, A. G. (2014), The Destruction of Hyderabad, Hurst & Co, ISBN 978-1-84904-439-4, https://books.google.com/books?id=FzyKngEACAAJ 
• Smith, Wilfred Cantwell (January 1950), "Hyderabad: Muslim Tragedy", Middle East Journal 4 (1): 27–51 

 Further reading

• Sherman, Taylor C. (2007). "The integration of the princely state of Hyderabad and the making of the postcolonial state in India, 1948 – 56" (PDF). Indian Economic & Social History Review. 44 (4): 489–516. doi:10.1177/001946460704400404. S2CID 145000228.