گلافكوس
(تم التحويل من Glaucus)
في الأساطير اليونانية، گلافكوس ( /ˈɡlɔːkəs/; اليونانية القديمة: Γλαῦκος گلاوكوس يعني "أزرق مخضرّ" أو "أخضر مزرق" و "براق"؛ إنگليزية: Glaucus) كان هو إله بحري متنبئ يوناني، وُلِد غير خالد تحول خالداً بمجرد أكله عشبة سحرية. ويُعتقـَد أنه جاء من أجل إنقاذ البحارة والصيادين في العواصف، إذ كان يعتاش، هو نفسه، قبل ذلك من البحر.
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العائلة
أبوة گلافكوس تختلف في الآثار المختلفة، التي يسردها أثنايوس:[1]
| العلاقة | الأسماء | المصادر | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| يوريپيدس | ثيوليتوس[2] | پروماثيدس[3] | مناسياس[4] | يوانثس[5] | ||
| الأبوة | نريوس | ✓ | ||||
| كوپيوس | ✓ | |||||
| پولي‌بوس و أوبويا | ✓ | |||||
| أنثيدون و آلكيونى | ✓ | |||||
| پوسايدون والحورية نائيس | ✓ | |||||
الأساطير
الأصل
قصة تأليه گلافكوس تعامل معها بالتفصيل أوڤيد في التحولات and briefly referenced by many other authors.[6][7][8][9][10][11] According to Ovid, Glaucus began his life as a mortal fisherman living in the Boeotian city of Anthedon.[12] He discovered by accident a magical herb which could bring the fish he caught back to life, and decided to try eating it. The herb made him immortal, but also caused him to grow fins instead of arms and a fish's tail instead of legs (though some versions say he simply became a merman-like being),[13] forcing him to dwell forever in the sea. Glaucus was initially upset by this side-effect, but Oceanus and Tethys received him well and he was quickly accepted among the deities of the sea, learning from them فن النبوءة.
في الأدب والفن
- Aeschylus wrote a play on Glaucus, entitled Glaucus Pontius ("گلافكوس البحري"), now lost.[14] A work entitled Glaucus also belonged to Callimachus[15] (it is unclear though which Glaucus was its subject).
- The Roman author Velleius Paterculus made mention of Plancus, who performed in the role of Glaucus at a feast.[16]
- Scylla et Glaucus, an opera by Jean-Marie Leclair, was based on the myth of Glaucus' love for Scylla recorded in Ovid.
- A statue of Glaucus was installed in 1911 in the middle of the Fontana delle Naiadi, Mario Rutelli's fountain of four naked bronze nymphs, located in the Piazza Repubblica, Rome.
- Ezra Pound wrote a poem titled "An Idyl for Glaucus" from the perspective of Glaucus's human lover, abandoned after he had tasted the herb and leapt into the sea.[17]
- Madeline Miller wrote a novel titled “Circe” (2018) in which she describes the relationship between Glaucus and Circe.
الهامش
- ^ أثنايوس، Deipnosophistae 7.294C (pp. 328 - 333)
- ^ Theolytus the Methymnaean, قصائد باخوس
- ^ پروماثيدس من هرقليا، نصف عمبقي
- ^ مناسياس، Book III of History of the Affairs of Europe
- ^ يوانثس، ترنيمة إلى گلافكوس
- ^ Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio 9.22.7
- ^ Nonnus, Dionysiaca 35.72 ff
- ^ Ovid, Heroides 18.160
- ^ Scholia on Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica 1.1310
- ^ Servius on Virgil, Georgics 1.437
- ^ Statius, Thebaid 7.335 ff
- ^ Ovid, التحولات, 8.917-959
- ^ As appears from his physical description in Philostratus the Elder, Imagines, 2. 15
- ^ "Classical E-Text: AESCHYLUS, FRAGMENTS 1". theoi.com.
- ^ Suda s. v. Kallimakhos
- ^ Velleius Paterculus, Historiae Romanae, 2. 83
- ^ Ezra Pound, Personae, April 1909, "An Idyl for Glaucus"
المراجع
- Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica translated by Robert Cooper Seaton (1853-1915), R. C. Loeb Classical Library Volume 001. London, William Heinemann Ltd, 1912. Online version at the Topos Text Project.
- Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica. George W. Mooney. London. Longmans, Green. 1912. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
- Athenaeus of Naucratis, The Deipnosophists or Banquet of the Learned. London. Henry G. Bohn, York Street, Covent Garden. 1854. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
- Athenaeus of Naucratis, Deipnosophistae. Kaibel. In Aedibus B.G. Teubneri. Lipsiae. 1887. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
- Diodorus Siculus, The Library of History translated by Charles Henry Oldfather. Twelve volumes. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd. 1989. Vol. 3. Books 4.59–8. Online version at Bill Thayer's Web Site
- Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica. Vol 1-2. Immanel Bekker. Ludwig Dindorf. Friedrich Vogel. in aedibus B. G. Teubneri. Leipzig. 1888-1890. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
- Euripides, The Complete Greek Drama, edited by Whitney J. Oates and Eugene O'Neill, Jr. in two volumes. 2. Orestes, translated by Robert Potter. New York. Random House. 1938. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
- Euripides, Euripidis Fabulae. vol. 3. Gilbert Murray. Oxford. Clarendon Press, Oxford. 1913. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
- Gaius Julius Hyginus, Fabulae from The Myths of Hyginus translated and edited by Mary Grant. University of Kansas Publications in Humanistic Studies. Online version at the Topos Text Project.
- Maurus Servius Honoratus, In Vergilii carmina comentarii. Servii Grammatici qui feruntur in Vergilii carmina commentarii; recensuerunt Georgius Thilo et Hermannus Hagen. Georgius Thilo. Leipzig. B. G. Teubner. 1881. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
- Nonnus of Panopolis, Dionysiaca translated by William Henry Denham Rouse (1863-1950), from the Loeb Classical Library, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 1940. Online version at the Topos Text Project.
- Nonnus of Panopolis, Dionysiaca. 3 Vols. W.H.D. Rouse. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1940-1942. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
- Pausanias, Description of Greece with an English Translation by W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., and H.A. Ormerod, M.A., in 4 Volumes. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1918. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library
- Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio. 3 vols. Leipzig, Teubner. 1903. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
- Philostratus the Elder. Imagines, translated by Arthur Fairbanks (1864-1944). Loeb Classical Library Volume 256. London: William Heinemann, 1931. Online version at the Topos Text Project.
- Philostratus the Lemnian (Philostratus Major), Flavii Philostrati Opera. Vol 2. Carl Ludwig Kayser. in aedibus B. G. Teubneri. Lipsiae. 1871. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
- Publius Ovidius Naso, Metamorphoses translated by Brookes More (1859-1942). Boston, Cornhill Publishing Co. 1922. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
- Publius Ovidius Naso, Metamorphoses. Hugo Magnus. Gotha (Germany). Friedr. Andr. Perthes. 1892. Latin text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
- Publius Ovidius Naso, The Epistles of Ovid. London. J. Nunn, Great-Queen-Street; R. Priestly, 143, High-Holborn; R. Lea, Greek-Street, Soho; and J. Rodwell, New-Bond-Street. 1813. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
- Publius Papinius Statius, The Thebaid translated by John Henry Mozley. Loeb Classical Library Volumes. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1928. Online version at the Topos Text Project.
- Publius Papinius Statius, The Thebaid. Vol I-II. John Henry Mozley. London: William Heinemann; New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons. 1928. Latin text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
- Publius Vergilius Maro, Aeneid. Theodore C. Williams. trans. Boston. Houghton Mifflin Co. 1910. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
- Publius Vergilius Maro, Bucolics, Aeneid, and Georgics. J. B. Greenough. Boston. Ginn & Co. 1900. Latin text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
- Smith, William (ed.) Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. Vol. II. London, 1867. - p. 275