گلندژيك/غلنجيك Gelendzhik

Coordinates: 44°34′30″N 38°04′21″E / 44.57500°N 38.07250°E / 44.57500; 38.07250
(تم التحويل من Gelendzhik)

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Gelendzhik
Геленджик
Town[1]
View of Gelendzhik
View of Gelendzhik
علم Gelendzhik
Flag
درع Gelendzhik
Coat of arms
Location of Gelendzhik
Gelendzhik is located in كراي كراسنودار
Gelendzhik
Gelendzhik
Location of Gelendzhik
الإحداثيات: 44°34′30″N 38°04′21″E / 44.57500°N 38.07250°E / 44.57500; 38.07250
البلدروسيا
الكيان الاتحاديKrasnodar Krai[1]
Founded1831
Town status since1915
الحكومة
 • HeadViktor Khrestin
المساحة
 • الإجمالي27٫9 كم² (10٫8 ميل²)
المنسوب
30 m (100 ft)
التعداد
 (2010 Census)[2]
 • الإجمالي54٬980
 • الترتيب302nd in 2010
 • الكثافة2٬000/km2 (5٬100/sq mi)
 • Subordinated toTown of Gelendzhik[1]
 • Capital ofTown of Gelendzhik[1]
 • Urban okrugGelendzhik Urban Okrug[3]
 • Capital ofGelendzhik Urban Okrug[3]
منطقة التوقيتUTC+ ([4])
Postal code(s)[5]
353460, 353461, 353465–353468, 353475, 353477
Dialing code(s)+7 86141
OKTMO ID03708000001
الموقع الإلكترونيgelendzhik.org

Gelendzhik (روسية: Геленджик; Adyghe: Хъулъыжъий, Ḣułəžij) is a resort town in Krasnodar Krai, Russia, located on the Gelendzhik Bay of the Black Sea, between Novorossiysk (31 kilometers (19 mi) to the northwest) and Tuapse (93 kilometers (58 mi) to the southeast). Greater Gelendzhik sprawls for 102 kilometers (63 mi) along the coastline and covers an area of 122,754 hectares (303,330 acres), although only 1,926 hectares (4,760 acres) fall within the boundaries of Gelendzhik proper. Population: 80٬204 (تعداد 2021)؛[6] 54,980 (تعداد 2010);[2] 50,012 (تعداد 2002);[7] 47,711 (تعداد 1989).[8]

التاريخ

In antiquity, the Gelendzhik Bay was the site of a minor Greek outpost, mentioned as Torikos in the Periplus of Pseudo-Scylax. It is unknown to Hellenistic sources, but reappears in Roman ones under the name of Pagrae in 64 BC.[9] The colony was wiped out by the invading Huns, which were succeeded by the Zygii soon after. During the Late Middle Ages, the Genoese Republic had a notable influence on the region, while the Ghisolfi, a Genoese-Jewish family, had a prominent role in the trade and commerce in Gazaria. During this period the town was named Maurolaca or Mauro Laco, and was considered one of the most important Genoese colonies in the Black Sea.[10]

Before Russia secured the coast by the Treaty of Adrianople (1829), a brisk slave trade had been carried on between the mountaineers and the Ottoman Empire. Since the Circassian beauties were usually traded for gold and other commodities before being taken to Turkish seraglios, the market place became known as "Gelendzhik" (from "gelincik"), literally, "little bride" in Turkish Language. In 1831, one of the first forts of the Black Sea Coastal Line was set up at Gelendzhik.[بحاجة لمصدر] At the outbreak of the Crimean War the fort had to be blown up and abandoned, but it was resettled by the Cossacks in 1864, at the conclusion of the Russian-Circassian War, and became known as the stanitsa of Gelendzhiksaya. Town status was granted to Gelendzhik in 1915.[بحاجة لمصدر]


الوصف

Residential complex in Gelendzhik

During the Soviet period, Gelendzhik was developed as a resort town. It possesses sand beaches, three waterparks, two chairlift lines, and two Orthodox churches (from 1909 and 1913, respectively). The environs of Gelendzhik are noted for a chain of waterfalls, an outcrop of dolmens, two extremely ancient pine and juniper groves, and the Sail Rock, located 17 kilometers (11 mi) from the town's central area. The coastal village of Arkhipo-Osipovka, administrated from Gelendzhik, contains the terminus of the Blue Stream gas pipeline. An annual hydroaviasalon is held in Gelendzhik since 1996.

Revealed on 29 March 2001 between Bietingen and Schaffhausen, Litolmore Trading Limited, a company which conducts business in mineral fertilizers, coal, oil, gas, fuel oil, aviation and diesel fuel, is a Gelendzhik firm.[11][12][13]

A 17,691 square meters palace allegedly built for Vladimir Putin is located on the Gelendzhik Bay not far from the city.[14][15]

الوضع الإداري والبلدي

Gelendzhik town administration building

Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is, together with twenty rural localities, incorporated as the Town of Gelendzhik—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[1] As a municipal division, the Town of Gelendzhik is incorporated as Gelendzhik Urban Okrug.[3]

المناخ

Gelendzhik has a borderline humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfa) and a Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification: Csa). The climate of Gelendzhik is noticeably drier than Novorossiysk and Tuapse. Winters are mild and snowfall is light. Summers are hot with warm evenings. Sometimes Gelendzhik has experienced big floods as it happened in 2012 (2012 Krasnodar Krai floods).

Climate data for گلندژيك
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 20.0
(68.0) 		21.0
(69.8) 		26.4
(79.5) 		28.2
(82.8) 		32.0
(89.6) 		36.0
(96.8) 		39.0
(102.2) 		38.7
(101.7) 		34.0
(93.2) 		29.3
(84.7) 		25.5
(77.9) 		22.0
(71.6) 		39.0
(102.2)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 6.4
(43.5) 		7.3
(45.1) 		10.9
(51.6) 		16.6
(61.9) 		21.5
(70.7) 		24.7
(76.5) 		28.6
(83.5) 		29.9
(85.8) 		23.9
(75.0) 		18.9
(66.0) 		12.5
(54.5) 		8.2
(46.8) 		16.8
(62.2)
Daily mean °C (°F) 3.9
(39.0) 		4.0
(39.2) 		7.1
(44.8) 		12.0
(53.6) 		17.0
(62.6) 		20.6
(69.1) 		23.9
(75.0) 		24.6
(76.3) 		19.2
(66.6) 		14.1
(57.4) 		8.9
(48.0) 		5.3
(41.5) 		13.0
(55.4)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 1.3
(34.3) 		0.7
(33.3) 		3.3
(37.9) 		7.4
(45.3) 		12.4
(54.3) 		16.4
(61.5) 		19.1
(66.4) 		18.4
(65.1) 		14.4
(57.9) 		9.3
(48.7) 		5.2
(41.4) 		2.4
(36.3) 		9.2
(48.6)
Record low °C (°F) −22.0
(−7.6) 		−15.7
(3.7) 		−11.0
(12.2) 		−7
(19) 		0.3
(32.5) 		5.6
(42.1) 		9.5
(49.1) 		6.9
(44.4) 		1.0
(33.8) 		−18.0
(−0.4) 		−19.6
(−3.3) 		−16.1
(3.0) 		−22.0
(−7.6)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 85.4
(3.36) 		70.8
(2.79) 		72.3
(2.85) 		61.7
(2.43) 		70.6
(2.78) 		67.2
(2.65) 		39.8
(1.57) 		39.1
(1.54) 		45.4
(1.79) 		51.7
(2.04) 		72.6
(2.86) 		94.1
(3.70) 		770.7
(30.34)
Source: meteoblue.com[16]

النقل

Gelendzhik is served by the Gelendzhik Airport. A new terminal of Gelendzhik Airport was built in December 2021.[17]

البلدات التوأم – المدن الشقيقة

انظر أيضاً: List of twin towns and sister cities in Russia

Gelendzhik is twinned with:[18]


المراجع

الهامش

  1. ^ أ ب ت ث ج Reference Information #34.01-707/13-03
  2. ^ أ ب Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1". Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved June 29, 2012. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  3. ^ أ ب ت Law #668-KZ
  4. ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). 3 June 2011. Retrieved 19 January 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  5. ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in روسية)
  6. ^ invalid reference parameter
  7. ^ Федеральная служба государственной статистики (Federal State Statistics Service) (2004-05-21). "Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек[[Category:Articles containing روسية-language text]] (Population of Russia, its federal districts, federal subjects, districts, urban localities, rural localities—administrative centers, and rural localities with population of over 3,000)". Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года (All-Russia Population Census of 2002) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved 2008-07-25. {{cite web}}: URL–wikilink conflict (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  8. ^ "Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров.[[Category:Articles containing روسية-language text]] (All Union Population Census of 1989. Present population of union and autonomous republics, autonomous oblasts and okrugs, krais, oblasts, districts, urban settlements, and villages serving as district administrative centers.)". Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года (All-Union Population Census of 1989) (in Russian). Demoscope Weekly (website of the Institute of Demographics of the State University—Higher School of Economics. 1989. Retrieved 2007-12-13. {{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help); URL–wikilink conflict (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  9. ^ A tiny Greek settlement excavated in Gelendzhik has been identified by some researchers with Torikos. Pagrae was described as an eastern limit of the Bosporan Kingdom. The record of these settlements is so fragmentary that it is impossible to make sound conclusions. See: Онайко Н.А., Архаический Торик. Античный город на северо-востоке Понта. Moscow, 1980.
  10. ^ "🕵 Северный Кавказ в древние времена. Шаги племён — Исторический Черкесск". Cherkessk.SU — Исторический Черкесск (in الروسية). 2016-05-01. Retrieved 2022-03-04.
  11. ^ ШЛЕЙНОВ, Роман (Shleynov, Roman) (7 April 2005). "НИЧЕГО ЛИЧНОГО? Есть ли у президента РФ личный бизнес" [NOTHING PERSONAL? Does the President of the Russian Federation have a personal business]. Novaya Gazeta (in الروسية). Archived from the original on 31 October 2005. Retrieved 13 February 2022.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  12. ^ "Имя Владимира Путина нашли на швейцарской границе в документах на $5 млрд" [Vladimir Putin's name found on Swiss border in documents worth $5 billion]. news.ru (in الروسية). 5 July 2005. Retrieved 13 February 2022.
  13. ^ "Sachverhalt" [Facts] (in الألمانية). 29 March 2001. Archived from the original on 14 July 2005. Retrieved 13 February 2022.
  14. ^ RFE/RL staff (19 January 2021). "Navalny Investigation Shines Light On 'Putin's Palace'". RFERL. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
  15. ^ "Freedom for Alexei Navalny" staff. "ДВОРЕЦ ДЛЯ ПУТИНА" [Palace for Putin]. Navalny (in الروسية). Retrieved 4 March 2022.
  16. ^ "Meteoblue". Retrieved June 28, 2012.
  17. ^ В Геленджике завершено строительство нового терминала аэропорта
  18. ^ "Побратимские и партнёрские связи". gelendzhik.org (in الروسية). Gelendzhik. Retrieved 2020-02-05.

المصادر

وصلات خارجية

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