غايتانو دونيزتي

(تم التحويل من Gaetano Donizetti (1797–1848))
"دونيزتي" redirects here. For other uses, see دونيزتي (توضيح).
Portrait of Gaetano Donizetti by Francesco Coghetti, 1837
Donizetti's signature
گايتانو دونيزتي

دومينيكو جيتانو ماريا دونيزيتي Domenico Gaetano Maria Donizetti (ولد 1797 وتوفي 1848) مؤلف موسيقى إيطالي. في حياة من الإنتاج الكبير، كتب جيتانو دونزيتي 65 أوبرا، 12 منها ما زالت تمثل جزءا هاما من برامج حفلات عروض الأوبرا. مثل معاصره بلليني كتب دونيزيتي أوبرات البل كانتو التي احتفلت بجمال الصوت البشري في انغام طويلة ومعبرة وزخرفة حية واضحة. كان ناجحا بالمثل مع التراجيديا والكوميديا. Along with Gioachino Rossini and Vincenzo Bellini, he was a leading composer of the bel canto opera style during the first half of the nineteenth century and a probable influence on other composers such as Giuseppe Verdi.[1] Donizetti was born in Bergamo in Lombardy. At an early age he was taken up by Simon Mayr[2] who enrolled him with a full scholarship in a school which he had set up. There he received detailed musical training. Mayr was instrumental in obtaining a place for Donizetti at the Bologna Academy, where, at the age of 19,[3] he wrote his first one-act opera, the comedy Il Pigmalione, which may never have been performed during his lifetime.[4]

An offer in 1822 from Domenico Barbaja, the impresario of the Teatro di San Carlo in Naples, which followed the composer's ninth opera, led to his move to Naples and his residency there until production of Caterina Cornaro in January 1844.[5] In all, 51 of Donizetti's operas were presented in Naples.[5] Before 1830, success came primarily with his comic operas, the serious ones failing to attract significant audiences.[6] His first notable success came with an opera seria, Zoraida di Granata, which was presented in 1822 in Rome. In 1830, when Anna Bolena was first performed, Donizetti made a major impact on the Italian and international opera scene shifting the balance of success away from primarily comedic operas,[6] although even after that date, his best-known works included comedies such as L'elisir d'amore (1832) and Don Pasquale (1843). Significant historical dramas did succeed; they included Lucia di Lammermoor (the first to have a libretto written by Salvadore Cammarano) given in Naples in 1835, and one of the most successful Neapolitan operas, Roberto Devereux in 1837.[7] Up to that point, all of his operas had been set to Italian libretti.

Donizetti found himself increasingly chafing against the censorship limitations in Italy (and especially in Naples). From about 1836, he became interested in working in Paris, where he saw greater freedom to choose subject matter,[8] in addition to receiving larger fees and greater prestige. From 1838, beginning with an offer from the Paris Opéra for two new works, he spent much of the following 10 years in that city, and set several operas to French texts as well as overseeing staging of his Italian works. The first opera was a French version of the then-unperformed Poliuto which, in April 1840, was revised to become Les martyrs. Two new operas were also given in Paris at that time. Throughout the 1840s Donizetti moved between Naples, Rome, Paris, and Vienna, continuing to compose and stage his own operas as well as those of other composers. From around 1843, severe illness began to limit his activities. By early 1846 he was obliged to be confined to an institution for the mentally ill and, by late 1847, friends had him moved back to Bergamo, where he died in April 1848 in a state of mental derangement due to neurosyphilis.[9]

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حياته وموسيقاه

Donizetti as a schoolboy in Bergamo

ولد دونيزيتي في اسرة فقيرة في بيرجامو ودرس مع مدرسين عظماء امثال سيمون ماير والاب ماتي. دائما كان ينتج اربع اوبرات في السنة وكان يكتب في تنوع كبير من الاساليب رغم ان معظم اعماله تعتمد على شخصيات تاريخية او خيالية. صنع اسمه في روما مع عمله Zoraida di Granata ونجاح عمله Anna Bolena في ميلان سمح له ان يركز على الاوبرا التراجيدية رغم انه واصل كتابة الاوبرات الكوميدية. بعد العمل في باريس وفيينا عام 1844 بدا يعكس اعراض من الشلل والجنون حدث بسبب الزهري وعاد لبيرجامو حيث مرضه ابن اخيه واصدقاؤه وتوفى هناك عام 1848.


اعماله

Donizetti was a prolific composer. He composed about 75 operas, 16 symphonies, 19 string quartets, 193 songs, 45 duets, 3 oratorios, 28 cantatas, instrumental concertos, sonatas, and other chamber pieces.

الاوبرات

See List of operas by Donizetti

الاعمال الكورالية

الاعمال الاوركسترالية

الكونشرتات

موسيقى الحجرة

اعمال البيانو

وسائط

"Una furtiva lagrima" from L'elisir d'amore. Sung by Enrico Caruso in 1911 for the Victor Talking Machine Company.
from Donizetti's opera La fille du régiment, performed by Atelier Vocal des Herbiers
هل لديك مشكلة في تشغيل هذه الملفات؟ انظر مساعدة الوسائط.

اقتباس من اقواله

  • "Ah, by Bacchus, with this aria I shall receive universal applause. People will say to me, “Bravo maestro!”
I, in a very modest manner, shall walk about with bowed head; I’ll have rave reviews…I can become immortal…
My mind is vast, my genius swift...
And at composing, a thunderbolt am I."
(From a poem composed by 14-year-old Gaetano Donizetti)
  • "Donizetti, when asked which of his own operas he thought the best, spontaneously replied, 'How can I say which? A father always has a preference for a crippled child, and I have so many.'" (Louis Engel: "From Mozart to Mario", 1886)

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المصدر

dk eywitness companions classical music

مراجع

مصادر
  • Allitt, John Stewart, Gaetano Donizetti – Pensiero, musica, opere scelte, Milano: Edizione Villadiseriane, 2003
  • Allitt, John Stewart, Donizetti – in the light of romanticism and the teaching of Johann Simon Mayr, Shaftesbury, Dorset, UK: Element Books, 1991. Also see Allitt's website
  • Ashbrook, William: Donizetti and his Operas, Cambridge:Cambridge University Press 1982. Ashbrook also wrote an earlier life entitled Donizetti in 1965.
  • Bini, Annalisa and Jeremy Commons, Le prime rappresentazioni delle opere di Donizetti nella stampa coeva, Milan: Skira, 1997
  • Black, John, Donizetti's Operas in Naples 1822–1848, London: The Donizetti Society, 1982
  • Cassaro, James P., Gaetano Donizetti – A Guide to Research, New York: Garland Publishing. 2000
  • Gossett, Philip, "Anna Bolena" and the Artistic Maturity of Gaetano Donizetti, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985
  • Kantner, Leopold M (Ed.), Donizetti in Wien, papers from a symposium in various languages (ISBN 3-7069-0006-8 / ISSN 156,00-8921). Published by Primo Ottocento, available from Edition Praesens.
  • Keller, Marcello Sorce, "Gaetano Donizetti: un bergamasco compositore di canzoni napoletane", Studi Donizettiani, III(1978), 100- 107.
  • Keller, Marcello Sorce, "Io te voglio bene assaje: a Famous Neapolitan Song Traditionally Attributed to Gaetano Donizetti", The Music Review, XLV (1984), no. 3- 4, 251- 264. Also published as: [Io te voglio bene assaje: una famosa canzone napoletana tradizionalmente attribuita a Gaetano Donizetti, La Nuova Rivista Musicale Italiana] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help), 1985, no. 4, 642- 653.
  • Minden, Pieter (Ed.): Gaetano Donizetti (1797-1848): Scarsa Mercè Saranno. Duett für Alt und Tenor mit Klavierbegleitung [Partitur]. Mit dem Faksimile des Autographs von 1815. Tübingen : Noûs-Verlag, 1999. - 18 pp., [13] fol.; ISBN 3-924249-25-3. [Caesar vs. Cleopatra.]
  • Sadie, Stanley (Ed.), The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, Volume 7, London: Macmillan Publishers Ltd., 2001, pp. 761–796. The 1980 edition article, by William Ashbrook and Julian Budden, was also reprinted in The New Grove Masters of Italian Opera, London: Papermac, 1984, pp. 93–154.
  • Sadie, Stanley (Ed.), The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, Volume 1, London: Macmillan Publishers Ltd., 1997, pp. 1201–1221.
  • Saracino, Egidio (Ed.), Tutti I libretti di Donizetti, Garzanti Editore, 1993.
  • Weinstock, Herbert, Donizetti and the World of Opera in Italy, Paris and Vienna in the First Half of the Nineteenth Century, New York: Random House, 1963.
  • Petténi, Giuliano Donati, Donizetti, Milano: Fratelli Treves Editori, 1930
  • Zavadini, Guuido, Donizetti: Vita – Musiche- Epistolario, Bergamo, 1948

روابط خارجية

نوتات موسيقية


تسجيلات
  1. ^ Smart, Mary Ann; Budden, Julian. "Donizetti, Gaetano". Grove Music Online. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 9 January 2017.
  2. ^ Allitt 1991, p. 9.
  3. ^ Osborne 1994, p. 139
  4. ^ Weinstock 1963, p. 13.
  5. ^ أ ب Black 1982, p. 1
  6. ^ أ ب Black 1982, pp. 50–51
  7. ^ Black 1982, p. 52.
  8. ^ Ashbrook & Hibberd 2001, p. 225.
  9. ^ Peschel & Peschel 1992.
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