إنريكو كاروسو

(تم التحويل من Enrico Caruso)
إنريكو كاروسو
Enrico Caruso
CarusoPostcard.jpg
Caruso circa 1910
وُلِدَ(1873-02-25)25 فبراير 1873
توفي2 أغسطس 1921(1921-08-02) (aged 48)
ناپولي، مملكة إيطاليا
المثوىCimitero di Santa Maria del Pianto
المهنةتينور أوپرالي
سنوات النشاط1895–1920
الزوج
(m. 1918)
الشريكAda Giachetti (1898–1908)
الأنجال5
التوقيع
Enrico Caruso’s signature.svg
Lucia di Lammermoor (1908).

إنريكو كاروسو ( Enrico Caruso ؛ /kəˈrz/,[1] /USalsokəˈrs/,[2][3][4] النطق بالإيطالية: [enˈriːko kaˈruːzo]؛ 25 فبراير 18732 أغسطس 1921) كان تينور أوپرالي إيطالي. He sang to great acclaim at the major opera houses of Europe and the Americas, appearing in a wide variety of roles (74) from the Italian and French repertoires that ranged from the lyric to the dramatic. One of the first major singing talents to be commercially recorded, Caruso made 247 commercially released recordings from 1902 to 1920,[5] which made him an international popular entertainment star.

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السيرة

النشأة

كاروسو في أحد أدواره المميزة، شخصية كانيو في پالياتشي، 1908

جاء إنريكو كاروسو من خلفية فقيرة وإن لم تكن مُعدَمة. وُلِد في ناپولي في the via Santi Giovanni e Paolo n° 7 في 25 فبراير 1873، وقد عُمِّد في اليوم التالي في كنيسة سان جوڤاني إ پيديمونتى داليفى المجاورة (المسماة الآن پيديمونتى ماتيزى)، في مقاطعة كازرتا في كامپانيا، جنوب إيطاليا. [6]

السيرة المهنية المبكرة


أوپرا متروپوليتان


الابتزاز من اليد السوداء

المرض والوفاة

Caruso as Éléazar in La Juive, 1920
Caruso's body lying in state in the Vesuvio Hotel in Naples, 3 August 1921

On 16 September 1920, Caruso concluded three days of recording sessions at Victor's Trinity Church studio in Camden, New Jersey. He recorded several discs, including the Domine Deus and Crucifixus from the Petite messe solennelle by Rossini. These recordings were to be his last.

Dorothy Caruso noted that her husband's health began a distinct downward spiral in late 1920 after he returned from a lengthy North American concert tour. In his biography, Enrico Caruso Jr. points to an on-stage injury suffered by Caruso as the possible trigger of his fatal illness. A falling pillar in Samson and Delilah on 3 December had hit him on the back, over the left kidney (and not on the chest as popularly reported).[8] A few days before a performance of Pagliacci at the Met (Pierre Key says it was 4 December, the day after the Samson and Delilah injury) he suffered a chill and developed a cough and a "dull pain in his side". It appeared to be a severe episode of bronchitis. Caruso's physician, Philip Horowitz, who usually treated him for migraine headaches with a kind of primitive TENS unit, diagnosed "intercostal neuralgia" and pronounced him fit to appear on stage, although the pain continued to hinder his voice production and movements.

رپرتوار

Caruso's operatic repertoire consisted primarily of Italian works along with a few roles in French. He also performed two German operas, Wagner's Lohengrin and Goldmark's Die Königin von Saba, singing in Italian, early in his career. Below are the first performances by Caruso, in chronological order, of each of the operas that he undertook on the stage. World premieres are indicated with **.

Caruso signing his autograph; he was obliging with fans
Caruso's sketch of himself as Canio in Pagliacci, 1900ح. 1900
  • Un Dramma in vendemmia (Fornari) – Napoli, 1 February 1897
  • Celeste (Marengo) – Napoli, 6 March 1897**
  • Il Profeta Velato (Napolitano) – Salerno, 8 April 1897
  • La bohème – Livorno, 14 August 1897
  • La Navarrese – Milano, 3 November 1897
  • Il Voto (Giordano) – Milano, 10 November 1897**
  • L'arlesiana – Milano, 27 November 1897**
  • Pagliacci – Milano, 31 December 1897
  • La bohème (Leoncavallo) – Genova, 20 January 1898
  • The Pearl Fishers – Genova, 3 February 1898
  • Hedda (Leborne) – Milano, 2 April 1898**
  • Mefistofele – Fiume, 4 March 1898
  • Sapho (Massenet) – Trento, 3 June (?) 1898
  • Fedora – Milano, 17 November 1898**
  • Iris – Buenos Aires, 22 June 1899
  • La regina di Saba (Goldmark) – Buenos Aires, 4 July 1899
  • Yupanki (Berutti)– Buenos Aires, 25 July 1899**
  • Aida – St. Petersburg, 3 January 1900
  • Un ballo in maschera – St. Petersburg, 11 January 1900
  • Maria di Rohan – St. Petersburg, 2 March 1900
Caruso's sketch of himself as Don José in Carmen, 1904

Caruso also had a repertory of more than 500 songs. They ranged from classical compositions to traditional Italian melodies and popular tunes of the day, including a few English-language titles such as George M. Cohan's "Over There", Henry Geehl's "For You Alone" and Arthur Sullivan's "The Lost Chord".

تسجيلات

Self-caricature of Caruso making a record

Caruso possessed a phonogenic voice which was "manly and powerful, yet sweet and lyrical", to quote the singer/author John Potter (see bibliography, below). He became one of the first major classical vocalists to make numerous recordings. Caruso and the disc phonograph, known in the United Kingdom as the gramophone did much to promote each other in the first two decades of the 20th century. Many of Caruso's recordings have remained continuously available since their original issue over a century ago, and all of his surviving recordings (including several unissued takes) have been remastered and reissued several times over the years. Although recordings of complete operas have been available since the early 1900s, (Carmen in 1908 for example), Caruso never participated in a complete opera recording.[9]


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عينات صوتية

انظر أيضاً


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الهامش

  1. ^ قالب:Cite Oxford Dictionaries
  2. ^ قالب:Cite American Heritage Dictionary
  3. ^ "Caruso". Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins. Retrieved 29 July 2019.
  4. ^ قالب:Cite Merriam-Webster
  5. ^ "CARUSO, Enrico: Complete Recordings, Vol. 10 (1916-1917)". Classical Music - Streaming Classical Music. 14 August 2003. Retrieved 31 July 2020.
  6. ^ Caruso Jr & Farkas 1990, p. 18.
  7. ^ Pasquale J., Simonelli (2012). Enrico Caruso Unedited Notes. Sacer Equestris Aureus Ordo. ISBN 978-0615714905.
  8. ^ Caruso, Jr.'s biography devotes an entire section to medical opinions concerning the tenor's ailments and possible causes of his death.
  9. ^ "Carmen. The first complete recording. Liner Notes by Harold Bruder". Marston Records. Archived from the original on 30 July 2013. Retrieved 29 July 2013.

المراجع

  • Caruso, Dorothy (1945). Enrico Caruso: His Life and Death. discography by Jack Caidin. New York: Simon and Schuster.
  • Caruso Jr, Enrico; Farkas, Andrew (1990). Enrico Caruso: My Father and My Family. discography by William Moran, chronology by Tom Kaufman. Portland: Amadeus Press.
  • Jackson, Stanley (1972). Caruso. New York: Stein and Day.
  • Key, Pierre Van Rensselaer; Zirato, Bruno (1922). Enrico Caruso, a Biography. Boston: Little, Brown and Co.
  • Scott, Michael (1991), The Great Caruso, Random House, ISBN 978-0-517-06766-6 


وصلات خارجية