إيثانول أمين

إيثانول أمين

الأسماء
اسم أيوپاك 2-إيثانول أمين
أسماء أخرى 2-أمين-l-إيثانول, إيثانول أمين, أحادي إيثانول أمين, β-Aminoethanol, β-hydroxyethylamine, β-Aminoethyl alcohol, گليسينول, Olamine, MEA, UN 2491
Identifiers
رقم CAS
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ChEBI	CHEBI:16000
ECHA InfoCard	100.004.986
رقم EC	205-483-3
KEGG	C00189
PubChem CID	700
رقم RTECS	KJ5775000
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID6022000
InChI	InChI={{{value}}}
SMILES
الخصائص
الصيغة الجزيئية	C2H7NO
كتلة مولية	61.08 g/mol
المظهر	Viscous colourless liquid with ammonia odour
الكثافة	1.012 g/cm3
نقطة الانصهار
نقطة الغليان
قابلية الذوبان في الماء	Miscible
ضغط البخار	25 Pa (20°C)
معامل الانكسار (nD)	1.4539 (20°C)
المخاطر
توصيف المخاطر	R20, R34, R36/37/38
تحذيرات وقائية	S26, S27, S36/37, S39, S45
NFPA 704 (معيـَّن النار)	2 3 0
نقطة الوميض	85°C c.c.
حدود الانفجار	5.5 - 17%
حدود التعرض الصحية بالولايات المتحدة (NIOSH):
PEL (المسموح)	3 ppm
مركبات ذا علاقة
ما لم يُذكر غير ذلك، البيانات المعطاة للمواد في حالاتهم العيارية (عند 25 °س [77 °ف]، 100 kPa).
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مراجع الجدول

إيثانول أمين Ethanolamine، ويسمى أيضا 2-إيثانول أو أحادي إيثانول أمين (ويختصر ETA أو MEA)، هو مركب كيميائي عضوي that is both a primary amine (due to an amino group in its molecule) and a primary alcohol (due to a hydroxyl group). Like other amines, monoethanolamine acts as a weak base. Ethanolamine is a toxic, flammable, corrosive, colorless, viscous liquid with an odor similar to that of ammonia.

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 الصفات

سائلصاف عديم اللون، لزج ودبق، له رائحة نشادرية.

 الصفات الكيميائية

يتأثر بالضوء، كثافته 1.013-1.016, يتقطر عند درجة 167-173. ْ

 الانحلالية

يمتزج مع الماء والكحول والأسيتون والگلسرين و الكلوروفورم, و لا يمتزج مع الايتر و محاليل الهكسان.

 الاستخدام

كمحل للدسم و الزيوت, و يتشارك مع الحوض الدسمة لتشكيل الصابون الذي يطبق بمختلف أنماط المستحلبات كالكريمات و الغسولات.

 التحضير

Monoethanolamine is produced by reacting ethylene oxide with aqueous ammonia; the reaction also produces diethanolamine and triethanolamine. The ratio of the products can be controlled by changing the stoichiometry of the reactants.

Note that this reaction is exothermic and that controls are needed to prevent a runaway reaction.

 التطبيقات

MEA is used in aqueous solutions for scrubbing certain acidic gases. It is used as feedstock in the production of detergents, emulsifiers, polishes, pharmaceuticals, corrosion inhibitors, chemical intermediates. For example, reacting ethanolamine with ammonia gives the commonly used chelating agent, ethylenediamine:

In pharmaceutical formulations, MEA is primarily used for buffering or preparation of emulsions.^{[بحاجة لمصدر]}

 Gas stream scrubbing

انظر أيضاً: carbon dioxide scrubber

Aqueous solutions of MEA (solutions of MEA in water) are used as a gas stream scrubbing liquid in amine treaters. For example, aqueous MEA is used to remove carbon dioxide (CO₂) from flue gas. Aqueous solutions can weakly dissolve certain kinds of gases from a mixed gas stream. The MEA in such solutions, acting as a weak base, then neutralizes acidic compounds dissolved in the solution to turn the molecules into an ionic form, making them polar and considerably more soluble in a cold MEA solution, and thus keeping such acidic gases dissolved in this gas-scrubbing solution. Therefore, large surface area contact with such a cold scrubbing solution in a scrubber unit can selectively remove such acidic components as hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) and CO₂ from some mixed gas streams. For example, basic solutions such as aqueous MEA or aqueous potassium carbonate can neutralize H₂S into hydrosulfide ion (HS^-) or CO₂ into bicarbonate ion (HCO₃^-).

H₂S and CO₂ are only weakly-acidic gases. An aqueous solution of a strong base such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH) will not readily release these gases once they have dissolved. However, MEA is rather weak base and will re-release H₂S or CO₂ when the scrubbing solution is heated. Therefore, the MEA scrubbing solution is recycled through a regeneration unit, which heats the MEA solution from the scrubber unit to release these only slightly-acidic gases into a purer form and returns the regenerated MEA solution to the scrubber unit again for reuse.

 pH-control amine

Ethanolamine is often used for alkalinization of water in steam cycles of power plants, including nuclear power plants with pressurized water reactors. This alkalinization is performed to control corrosion of metal components. ETA (or sometimes a similar organic amine, e.g., morpholine) is selected because it does not accumulate in steam generators (boilers) and crevices due to its volatility, but rather distributes relatively uniformly throughout the entire steam cycle. In such application, ETA is a key ingredient of so-called "all-volatile treatment" of water (AVT).