إزالة الغابات
(تم التحويل من Deforestation)
صورة عن ازالة غابات من ناسا
ازالة الغابات هي تحويل مناطق الغابات إلى أرض زراعية أو للتوسع في العمران أو للاستفاده من خشب الغابات، وتؤمن الغابات السكن الملائم لكم هائل من مختلف أنواع النباتات والحيوانات والحشرات وباقي الكائنات الحيه وتؤدي ازالتها الي دمار بيئه هذه الكائنات، كم ان الغابات تساهم في الحد من ظاهره الاحتباس الحراري وقطعها يؤدي الي تفاقم المشكلة، وفي بيان صدر حديثا عن منظمة الأغذية والزراعة التابعة للأمم المتحدة فاو أفاد أن 25 في المائة من غاز ثاني أكسيد الكربون المنبعث في الجو من صنع الإنسان يعود إلى ظاهرة ازالة الغابات التي تختزن 283 مليار طن من الكربون أكد البيان كذلك على أن تدمير الغابات يضيف نحو ملياري طن أخرى من الكربون إلى الغلاف الجوي سنويا.
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مشاكل بيئية
الغلاف الجوي
Illegal slash and burn practice in Madagascar, 2010
التربة
Deforestation for the use of clay in the Brazilian city of Rio de Janeiro. The hill depicted is Morro da Covanca, in Jacarepaguá
التنوع الحيوي
الوقع الاقتصادي
Forest transition theory
The forest transition and historical baselines.[1]
الأسباب التاريخية
قبل التاريخ
التاريخ قبل الصناعي
العصر الصناعي
معدلات ازالة الغابات
Satellite image of Haiti's border with the Dominican Republic (right) shows the amount of deforestation on the Haitian side
المناطق
Rates of deforestation vary around the world.
In 2011 Conservation International listed the top 10 most endangered forests, characterized by having all lost 90% or more of their original habitat, and each harboring at least 1500 endemic plant species (species found nowhere else in the world).[2]
Top 10 Most Endangered Forests 2011 Endangered forest Region Remaining habitat Predominate vegetation type Notes Indo-Burma Asia-Pacific 5% Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests Rivers, floodplain wetlands, mangrove forests. Burma, تايلند, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, India.[3] New Caledonia Asia-Pacific 5% Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests See note for region covered.[4] Sundaland Asia-Pacific 7% Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests Western half of the Indo-Malayan archipelago including southern Borneo and Sumatra.[5] Philippines Asia-Pacific 7% Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests Forests over the entire country including 7,100 islands.[6] Atlantic Forest South America 8% Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests Forests along Brazil's Atlantic coast, extends to parts of Paraguay, Argentina and Uruguay.[7] Mountains of Southwest China Asia-Pacific 8% Temperate coniferous forest See note for region covered.[8] California Floristic Province North America 10% Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests See note for region covered.[9] Coastal Forests of Eastern Africa Africa 10% Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests Mozambique, Tanzania, Kenya, Somalia.[10] Madagascar & Indian Ocean Islands Africa 10% Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests Madagascar, Mauritius, Reunion, Seychelles, Comoros.[11] Eastern Afromontane Africa 11% Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests
Montane grasslands and shrublandsForests scattered along the eastern edge of Africa, from Saudi Arabia in the north to Zimbabwe in the south.[12]
- Table source:[2]
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السيطرة
تقليل الانبعاثات
Forest management
Sustainable practices
Bamboo is advocated as a more sustainable alternative for cutting down wood for fuel.[13]
اعادة الغابات
السياق العسكري
American Sherman tanks knocked out by Japanese artillery on Okinawa.
انظر أيضاً
- Assarting
- Biochar
- CDM & JI A/R projects
- Deforestation by region
- Deforestation during the Roman period
- Desertification
- Ecoforestry
- Economic impact analysis
- Environmental philosophy
- Environmental issues with paper
- Extinction
- Forestry
- Illegal logging
- Land use, land-use change and forestry
- Moisture recycling
- Mountaintop removal
- Natural landscape
- Neolithic
- Overpopulation
- Rainforest
- Richard St. Barbe Baker
- Satoyama
- Slash-and-burn
- Slash-and-char
- Terra preta
- Wilderness
- Intact forest landscape
- World Forestry Congress
- International Year of Forests
- Biodiversity
المراجع
- الهامش
- ^ "Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD): An Options Assessment Report" (PDF). The Government of Norway. 28 March 2010. p. 16.
- ^ أ ب The World's 10 Most Threatened Forest Hotspots, Conservation International, February 2, 2011.
- ^ Indo-Burma, Conservation International.
- ^ New Caledonia, Conservation International.
- ^ Sundaland, Conservation International.
- ^ Philippines, Conservation International.
- ^ Atlantic Forest, Conservation International.
- ^ Mountains of Southwest China, Conservation International.
- ^ California Floristic Province, Conservation International.
- ^ Coastal Forests of Eastern Africa, Conservation International.
- ^ Madagascar & Indian Ocean Islands, Conservation International.
- ^ Eastern Afromontane, Conservation International.
- ^ خطأ استشهاد: وسم
<ref>غير صحيح؛ لا نص تم توفيره للمراجع المسماةbamboo
- مراجع عامة
- BBC 2005 TV series on the history of geological factors shaping human history (name?)
- A Natural History of Europe – 2005 co-production including BBC and ZDF
- Whitney, Gordon G. (1996). From Coastal Wilderness to Fruited Plain : A History of Environmental Change in Temperate North America from 1500 to the Present. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-57658-X
- Williams, Michael. (2003). Deforesting the Earth. University of Chicago Press, Chicago. ISBN 0-226-89926-8
- Wunder, Sven. (2000). The Economics of Deforestation: The Example of Ecuador. Macmillan Press, London. ISBN 0-333-73146-8
- FAO&CIFOR report: Forests and Floods: Drowning in Fiction or Thriving on Facts?
- Fenical, William (1983). "Marine Plants: A Unique and Unexplored Resource". Plants: the potentials for extracting protein, medicines, and other useful chemicals (workshop proceedings). DIANE Publishing. p. 147. ISBN 1-4289-2397-7.
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- Ethiopia deforestation references
- Parry, J. (2003). Tree choppers become tree planters. Appropriate Technology, 30(4), 38–39. Retrieved November 22, 2006, from ABI/INFORM Global database. (Document ID: 538367341).
- Hillstrom, K & Hillstrom, C. (2003). Africa and the Middle east. A continental Overview of Environmental Issues. Santabarbara, CA: ABC CLIO.
- Williams, M. (2006). Deforesting the earth: From prehistory to global crisis: An Abridgment. Chicago: The university of Chicago Press.
- Mccann. J.C. (1990). A Great Agrarian cycle? Productivity in Highland Ethiopia, 1900 To 1987. Journal of Interdisciplinary History, xx: 3,389–416. Retrieved November 18, 2006, from JSTOR database.
وصلات خارجية
مشاع المعرفة فيه ميديا متعلقة بموضوع Deforestation.
- Our disappearing forests – Greenpeace China
- EIA forest reports: Investigations into illegal logging.
- EIA in the USA Reports and info.
- Cocaine destroys 4 m2 of rainforest per gram The Guardian
- "Avoided Deforestation" Plan Gains Support – Worldwatch Institute
- OneWorld Tropical Forests Guide
- Some Background Info to Deforestation and REDD+
- General info on deforestation effects
- In the media
- Films online
- Watch the National Film Board of Canada documentaries Battle for the Trees & Forest in Crisis
- Video on Illegal Deforestation In Paraguay
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تصنيفات:
- Articles with hatnote templates targeting a nonexistent page
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- Deforestation
- Climate forcing agents
- تحريج عالمي
- Aftermath of war
- History of forestry
- Forest pathology
- تأثير الحروب
- قضايا بيئية
- علم الغابات
- غابات