پول رينو
Paul Reynaud | |
---|---|
![]() | |
Paul Reynaud (1940) | |
77th Prime Minister of France | |
في المنصب 21 March 1940 – 16 June 1940 | |
الرئيس | Albert Lebrun |
سبقه | إدوار دالادييه |
خلفه | Philippe Pétain |
Deputy Prime Minister of France | |
في المنصب 28 June 1953 – 12 June 1954 | |
سبقه | Henri Queuille |
خلفه | Guy Mollet |
في المنصب 20 February 1932 – 10 May 1932 | |
سبقه | Lucien Hubert |
خلفه | Albert Dalimier |
Minister responsible for Relations with Partner States and the Far East | |
في المنصب 2 July 1950 – 4 July 1950 | |
سبقه | Position established |
خلفه | Jean Letourneau |
Minister of Finance and Economic Affairs | |
في المنصب 26 July 1948 – 28 August 1948 | |
سبقه | René Mayer |
خلفه | Christian Pineau |
Minister of Foreign Affairs | |
في المنصب 5 June 1940 – 16 June 1940 | |
سبقه | إدوار دالادييه |
خلفه | Philippe Pétain |
في المنصب 21 March 1940 – 18 May 1940 | |
سبقه | إدوار دالادييه |
خلفه | إدوار دالادييه |
Minister of National Defence and War | |
في المنصب 18 May 1940 – 16 June 1940 | |
سبقه | إدوار دالادييه |
خلفه | Maxime Weygand |
Minister of Finance | |
في المنصب 1 November 1938 – 21 March 1940 | |
سبقه | Paul Marchandeau |
خلفه | Lucien Lamoureux |
في المنصب 2 March 1930 – 4 December 1930 | |
سبقه | Charles Dumont |
خلفه | Louis Germain-Martin |
Minister of Justice | |
في المنصب 12 April 1938 – 1 November 1938 | |
سبقه | Marc Rucart |
خلفه | Paul Marchandeau |
في المنصب 20 February 1932 – 3 June 1932 | |
سبقه | Léon Bérard |
خلفه | René Renoult |
Minister of the Colonies | |
في المنصب 27 February 1931 – 6 February 1932 | |
سبقه | Théodore Steeg |
خلفه | Louis de Chappedelaine |
تفاصيل شخصية | |
وُلِد | Jean Paul Reynaud 15 أكتوبر 1878 Barcelonnette, France |
توفي | 21 سبتمبر 1966 Neuilly-sur-Seine, France | (aged 87)
الحزب | Democratic Republican Alliance (1901–1949) National Centre of Independents and Peasants (1949–1966) |
الزوج | Jeanne Henri-Robert (1912–1949) Christiane Mabire (1949–1966) |
الأنجال | Colette Serge Evelyne Alexandre |
الجامعة الأم | HEC Paris |
الدين | Roman Catholicism |
پول رينو (Paul Reynaud ؛ بالفرنسية: [pɔl ʁɛjno]؛ 15 أكتوبر 1878 – 21 سبتمبر 1966) كان سياسياً ومحامياً فرنسياً، برز في فترة ما بين الحربين، وخصوصاً لمواقفه في الليبرالية الاقتصادية والمعارضة العسكرية لألمانيا.
بعد اندلاع الحرب العالمية الثانية أصبح رينو رئيس الوزراء قبل الأخير للجمهورية الثالثة في مارس 1940. كما كان نائب رئيس التحالف الجمهوري الديمقراطي، حزب الوسط-اليمين. وقد كان رينو رئيساً للوزراء أثناء هزيمة فرنسا أمام ألمانيا في مايو ويونيو 1940< وقد واصل رفض دعم هدنة مع الألمان واستقال في 16 يونيو. وبعد محاولة فاشلة للهرب من فرنسا، ألقي القبض عليه من قِبل إدارة فيليپ پيتان. فاستسلم للاعتقال في قبضة ألمانيا في 1942، وقد سـُجن في ألمانيا ولاحقاً في النمسا حتى التحرير في 1945.
انتُخب لمجلس النواب في 1946، حيث أصبح شخصية بارزة مرة أخرى في الحياة السياسية الفرنسية، حيث شغل عدداً من المناصب الوزارية. وكان يفضـّل قيام الولايات المتحدة الأوروپية، وشارك في صياغة دستور الجمهورية الخامسة، إلا أنه استقال من الحكومة في 1962 بعد خلاف مع الرئيس دى گول على تغييرات في النظام الانتخابي.
الحادثة والاعتقال
Reynaud and de Portes left the Hotel Splendid, Bordeaux, driving southeast ahead of the advancing German armies, intending to stop at Reynaud's holiday home at Grès, Hérault, (other sources state they were bound for his daughter's home at Sainte-Maxime[1]) before fleeing to North Africa. On 28 June, with Reynaud at the wheel, their Renault Juvaquatre car inexplicably left the road and hit a plane tree at la Peyrade, near Sète; de Portes was all but decapitated while Reynaud escaped with relatively minor head injuries.[2][3] Hospitalized at Montpellier, Reynaud was arrested on his discharge on Pétain's orders and imprisoned at Fort du Portalet.[4] Pétain decided against having Reynaud charged during the Riom Trial of 1942, but surrendered him to the Germans instead, who removed him firstly to Sachsenhausen concentration camp, thence Itter Castle near Wörgl, Austria, where he remained with other high-profile French prisoners until liberated by Allied troops on 7 May 1945.[5] Major Josef Gangl, a Wehrmacht officer who had gone over to the anti-Nazi Austrian resistance, was killed by a sniper's bullet while trying to move Reynaud out of harm's way during the Battle for Castle Itter on May 5, 1945.[6]
While hospitalized at Montpellier, Reynaud allegedly told Bill Bullitt, American ambassador, "I have lost my country, my honour, and my love."[7]
حكومة رينو، 21 مارس – 16 يونيو 1940
- پول رينو – رئيس مجلس الوزراء ووزير الخارجية
- Camille Chautemps – Vice President of the Council
- إدوار دالادييه – Minister of National Defense and War
- Raoul Dautry – Minister of Armaments
- Henri Roy – Minister of the Interior
- Lucien Lamoureux – Minister of Finance
- Charles Pomaret – Minister of Labour
- Albert Sérol – Minister of Justice
- César Campinchi – Minister of Military Marine
- Alphonse Rio – Minister of Merchant Marine
- Laurent Eynac – Minister of Air
- Albert Sarraut – Minister of National Education
- Albert Rivière – Minister of Veterans and Pensioners
- Paul Thellier – Minister of Agriculture
- Henri Queuille – Minister of Supply
- Georges Mandel – Minister of Colonies
- Anatole de Monzie – Minister of Public Works
- Marcel Héraud – Minister of Public Health
- Alfred Jules-Julien – Minister of Posts, Telegraphs, Telephones, and Transmissions
- Ludovic-Oscar Frossard – Minister of Information
- Louis Rollin – Minister of Commerce and Industry
- Georges Monnet – Minister of Blockade
التعديلات
- 10 مايو 1940 – Louis Marin and Jean Ybarnegaray enter the Cabinet as Ministers of State
- 18 May 1940 – Philippe Pétain enters the Cabinet as Minister of State. Reynaud succeeds Daladier as Minister of National Defense and War. Daladier succeeds Reynaud as Minister of Foreign Affairs. Georges Mandel succeeds Roy as Minister of the Interior. Louis Rollin succeeds Mandel as Minister of Colonies. Léon Baréty succeeds Rollin as Minister of Commerce and Industry.
- 5 June 1940 – Reynaud succeeds Daladier as Minister of Foreign Affairs, remaining also Minister of National Defense and War. Yves Bouthillier succeeds Lamoureux as Minister of Finance. Yvon Delbos succeeds Sarraut as Minister of National Education. Ludovic-Oscar Frossard succeeds Monzie as Minister of Public Works. Jean Prouvost succeeds Frossard as Minister of Information. Georges Pernot succeeds Héraud as Health Minister, with the new title of Minister of French Family. Albert Chichery succeeds Baréty as Minister of Commerce and Industry.
الهامش
- ^ Anon. (1940). M. Paul Reynaud victime d'un accident d'automobile. Le Petit Meridional, 29 Juin 1940.
- ^ Benoit-Méchin, J. (1956). Soixante jours qui ébranlèrent l'Occident : Volume 3, La Fin du régime - 26 juin / 10 juillet 1940, p.46. Laffont, Paris. ISBN 978-2-221-13211-1
- ^ Photo of the car wreck, under year '1940', in Chronologie La Peyrade [1]
- ^ "Fort du Portalet Office de tourisme Vallée d'Aspe tourisme Parc National Pyrénées séjours balades randonnées". www.tourisme-aspe.com. Retrieved 1 أبريل 2018.
- ^ Barber, Noel (1976). The Week France Fell. p. 299.
- ^ "Sepp Gangl-Straße in Wörgl • Strassensuche.at". Strassensuche.at.
- ^ Moss, N. (2003). 19 Weeks. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, New York. ISBN 0-618-10471-2.
المراجع
- Nicholas Atkin, Pétain, Longman, 1997, ISBN 978-0-582-07037-0
- Barber, Noel, The Week France Fell. New York: Stein & Day, 1976. ISBN 978-0812880373
- Jackson, Julian (2003). The Fall of France. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 019280300X.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Lacouture, Jean. De Gaulle: The Rebel 1890–1944 (1984; English ed. 1991), 640 pp, W W Norton & Co, London. ISBN 978-0393026993
- Paul Reynaud, In the Thick of the Fight, 1930–1945. London: Simon and Schuster, 1955
- Roland de Margerie, Journal, 1939-1940, Paris, Éditions Grasset et Fasquelle, 2010, 416 p. ISBN 978-2246770411
- Roberts, Andrew. The Holy Fox, The Life of Lord Halifax. London: Phoenix, 1991. ISBN 978-1857994728
- Charles Williams, Pétain, Little Brown (Time Warner Book Group UK), London, 2005. ISBN 978-0-316-86127-4
للاستزادة
- Connors, Joseph David. "Paul Reynaud and French national defense, 1933-1939." (PhD Loyola University of Chicago, 1977). online Bibliography, pp 265-83.
- de Konkoly Thege, Michel Marie. "Paul Reynaud and the Reform of France's Economic, Military and Diplomatic Policies of the 1930s." (Graduate Liberal Studies Works (MALS/MPhil). Paper 6, 2015). online, bibliography pp 171-76.
- Nord, Philip. France 1940: Defending the Republic (Yale UP, 2015).
وصلات خارجية
- World at war biography
- Spartacus biography(Trotskyite)
- (بالفرنسية) 1939–45.org biography
- پول رينو at Find a Grave
- Paul Reynaud (11 أغسطس 1945). "Saved From Nazis At Castle Itter". The Winnipeg Tribune. Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. p. 2. Retrieved 22 نوفمبر 2016 – via Newspapers.com.
- Newspaper clippings about پول رينو in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW
أظهرمناصب سياسية |
---|
خطأ لوا في وحدة:Authority_control على السطر 278: attempt to call field '_showMessage' (a nil value).
- Articles with hatnote templates targeting a nonexistent page
- Missing redirects
- Use dmy dates from October 2011
- Pages with empty portal template
- مواليد 1878
- وفيات 1966
- أشخاص من برسلونت
- Politicians from Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
- Republican and Social Action politicians
- Democratic and Social Action politicians
- Republican Centre politicians
- Democratic Republican Alliance politicians
- National Centre of Independents and Peasants politicians
- رؤساء وزراء فرنسا
- French Ministers of Overseas France
- French Ministers of Finance
- French Ministers of War and National Defence
- Members of the 12th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic
- Members of the 14th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic
- Members of the 15th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic
- Members of the 16th Chamber of Deputies of the French Third Republic
- Members of the Constituent Assembly of France (1946)
- Deputies of the 1st National Assembly of the French Fourth Republic
- Deputies of the 2nd National Assembly of the French Fourth Republic
- Deputies of the 3rd National Assembly of the French Fourth Republic
- Deputies of the 1st National Assembly of the French Fifth Republic
- محامون فرنسيون
- خريجو جامعة پاريس
- Sachsenhausen concentration camp survivors
- مدفونون في مقبرة مونپارناس