Principia Mathematica

The title page of the shortened version of the Principia Mathematica to *56.

پرنسيپيا ماثماتيكا Principia Mathematica، هو كتاب من ثلاثة مجلدات، كتبه ألفريد نورث وايتهيد وبترراند روسل ونشر في 1910، 1912، و1913. في عام 1927 ظهر إصدار آخر بمقدمة للإصدار الثاني وملحق أ ليحل محل *9، وملحق ج.

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مقتطفات

  • "From this proposition it will follow, when arithmetical addition has been defined, that 1+1=2." - Volume I, 1st edition, page 379 (page 362 in 2nd edition; page 360 in abridged version).
*54.43: From this proposition it will follow, ... that 1+1=2
  • The proof is actually completed in Volume II, 1st edition, page 86, accompanied by the comment, "The above proposition is occasionally useful."



انظر أيضاً

الهامش

المصادر

الرئيسية:

  • Whitehead, Alfred North, and Bertrand Russell. Principia Mathematica, 3 vols, Cambridge University Press, 1910, 1912, and 1913. Second edition, 1925 (Vol. 1), 1927 (Vols 2, 3). Abridged as Principia Mathematica to *56, Cambridge University Press, 1962.

الثانوية:

  • Stephen Kleene 1952 Introduction to Meta-Mathematics, 6th Reprint, North-Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam NY, ISBN 0 7204 21039.
  • Ivor Grattan-Guinness (2000) The Search for Mathematical Roots 1870-1940, Princeton University Press, Princeton N.J., ISBN 0-691-05857-1 (alk. paper).
  • Ludwig Wittgenstein 2009 Major Works: Selected Philosophical Writings, HarperrCollins, NY, NY, ISBN 978-0-06-155024-9. In particular:
Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (Vienna 1918, original publication in German).
  • Jean van Heijenoort editor 1967 From Frege to Gödel: A Source book in Mathematical Logic, 1879-1931, 3rd printing, Harvard University Press, Cambridge MA, ISBN 0-674-32449-8 (pbk.)

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