يوجين ويگنر
يوجين ويگنر (بالإنگليزية: Eugene Wigner ؛ وبالمجرية: Wigner Jenő Pál ؛ ولد في 17 نوفمبر 1902، وتوفي في 1 يناير 1995) كان عالماً فيزيائياً ورياضياتياً مجرياً أمريكياً، وكان قد حاز على الجنسية الأمريكية عام 1937.
حصل يوجين ويگنر على جائزة نوبل للفيزياء عام 1963 عن أبحاثه في مجال نظرية النواة الذرية والجسيمات الأولية وعلى الأخص اكتشافه تطبيق مبدأ التناظر في الصياغة النظرية في ميكانيكا الكم.
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التكريم
- Atoms for Peace Award 1959
- Eugene P. Wigner Reactor Physicist Award at the American Nuclear Society.
- Enrico Fermi Award.
- Wigner Fellowship Program at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL).
- Walli, Ron. "Auditorium at ORNL Renamed in Honor of Eugene P. Wigner" ORNL Press Release, (Jan. 11, 1996).
المنشورات
- 1939, "On unitary representations of the inhomogeneous Lorentz group," Annals Math. 40: 149-204.
- (with Creutz, E. C. & R. R. Wilson) "Absorption of Thermal Neutrons in Uranium," Princeton University, United States Department of Energy (through predecessor agency the Atomic Energy Commission), (Sept. 26, 1941).
- "Radioactivity of the Cooling Water," Metallurgical Laboratory of the University of Chicago, United States Department of Energy (through predecessor agency the Atomic Energy Commission), (March 1, 1943).
- "Solutions of Boltzmann`s Equation for Mono-energetic Neutrons in an Infinite Homogeneous Medium," Metallurgical Laboratory of the University of Chicago, United States Department of Energy (through predecessor agency the Atomic Energy Commission), (Nov. 30, 1943).
- (with Weinberg, A. M. & J. Stephenson) "Recalculation of the Critical Size and Multiplication Constant of a Homogeneous UO{sub 2} - D{sub 2}O Mixtures," Metallurgical Laboratory of the University of Chicago, (Feb. 11, 1944).
- (with F.L. Friedman) "On the Boundary Condition Between Two Multiplying Media," Metallurgical Laboratory of the University of Chicago, (April 19, 1944).
- (with J. E. Wilkins, Jr.) "Effect of the Temperature of the Moderator on the Velocity Distribution of Neutrons with Numerical Calculations for H as Moderator," Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), United States Department of Energy (through predecessor agency the Atomic Energy Commission), (Sept. 14, 1944).
- "On the Variation of Eta with Energy in the 100-1000 ev Region," Brookhaven National Laboratory, United States Department of Energy (through predecessor agency the Atomic Energy Commission), (Nov. 1, 1949).
- "The Magnitude of the Eta Effect," Du Pont de Nemours (E.I.) & Co., United States Department of Energy (through predecessor agency the Atomic Energy Commission), (April 25, 1951).
- 1958 (with Alvin M. Weinberg). Physical Theory of Neutron Chain Reactors (University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-88517-8
- 1959. Group Theory and its Application to the Quantum Mechanics of Atomic Spectra. New Yor: Academic Press. Translation by J. J. Griffin of 1931, Gruppentheorie und ihre Anwendungen auf die Quantenmechanik der Atomspektren, Vieweg Verlag, Braunschweig.
- 1960, "The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the Natural Sciences," Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics 13(1): 1–14.
- 1970. Symmetries and Reflections: Scientific Essays. MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-73021-9
- 1992 (as told to Andrew Szanton). The Recollections of Eugene P. Wigner. Plenum. ISBN 0-306-44326-0
- 1997 (with G. G. Emch; Jagdish Mehra and Arthur S. Wightman, eds.). Philosophical Reflections and Syntheses. Springer. ISBN 3-540-63372-3
انظر أيضاً
- Wigner semicircle distribution
- Wigner quasi-probability distribution
- Particle physics and representation theory
- Wigner effect
- Wigner-Seitz cell
- 3-jm symbol
- The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the Natural Sciences
وصلات خارجية
- Biography and Bibliographic Resources, from the Office of Scientific and Technical Information, United States Department of Energy
- Oral history interview with Eugene P. Wigner Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis - Wigner talks about his association with John von Neumann during their school years in Hungary, their graduate studies in Berlin, and their appointments to Princeton in 1930. Wigner discusses von Neumann's contributions to the theory of quantum mechanics, Wigner's own work in this area, and von Neumann's interest in the application of theory to the atomic bomb project.
- Eugene Wigner Biography
- Nobel Prize Biography
- National Academy of Sciences biography
- O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "يوجين ويگنر", MacTutor History of Mathematics archive
- his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles, particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles
- Annotated bibliography for Eugene Wigner from the Alsos Digital Library
- An interview with Wigner about his experience at Princeton
- Oral history interview transcript with Eugene Wigner 21 November 1963, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library & Archives
- Oral history interview transcript with Eugene Wigner 24 January 1981, American Institute of Physics, Niels Bohr Library & Archives
الكلمات الدالة:
تصنيفات:
- Biography with signature
- Pages using infobox scientist with unknown parameters
- 1902 births
- 1995 deaths
- علماء رياضيات في القرن 20
- يهود أمريكان
- حائزو جائزة نوبل أمريكان
- حائزو جائزة إنريكو فرمي
- طاقم تدريس جامعة گوتنگن
- Hungarian immigrants to the United States
- يهود مجريون
- Hungarian mathematicians
- حائزو جائزة نوبل مجريون
- فيزيائيون مجريون
- Hungarian nuclear physicists
- Hungarian Americans
- علماء يهود
- حائزو وسام العلوم الوطني
- مواطنون مجنسون في الولايات المتحدة
- حائزو جائزة نوبل في الفيزياء
- طاقم تدريس جامعة پرنستون
- فيزيائيون نظريون
- طاقم تدريس جامعة وسكنسن-ماديسون
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory
- حائزو جائزة ذرات من أجل السلام
- Burials at Princeton Cemetery
- أشخاص من پشت