وشنة

الوشنة
Viburnum lantana
Viburnum lantana a1.jpg
Foliage and immature fruit
التصنيف العلمي
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V. lantana
Binomial name
Viburnum lantana

الوشنة Viburnum lantana، هي شجيرة توجد بصفة خاصة في الغابات الجبلية في وسط وجنوب وغرب أوروپا (شمالاً حتى يوركشر في إنگلترة) وشمال غرب أفريقيا وجنوب غرب آسيا.[1][2][3] الأكمة الأوروبية النفضية بقوة الشبيهة بالشجر يشيع انتشارها على جانبي الطرق. وثمراتها حبات ذات لون أسود ، ولها مذاق شديد الحلاوة ، وتنضج في شهر سبتمبر.

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الوصف

It is a deciduous shrub or small tree growing to 4–5 m (13–16 ft) tall. The leaves are opposite, simple oval to lanceolate, 6–13 cm (2.4–5.1 in) Long and 4–9 cm (1.6–3.5 in) broad, with a finely serrated margin; they are densely downy on the underside, less so on the upper surface. The hermaphrodite flowers are small, around 5 mm (0.20 in), and creamy-white, produced in dense cymes 4–10 cm (1.6–3.9 in) width at the top of the stems; they are produced in early summer, and pollinated by insects. The fruit is an oblong drupe 8 mm (0.31 in) long, green at first, turning red, then finally black at full maturity, and contains a single seed. The seeds are dispersed when birds eat the fruit, then deposit the seeds in another location in their droppings.[2][3]

An older name for the plant is hoarwithy. "Hoar" means grey-haired and refers to the hairs under the leaves, and "withy" means a pliant stem.[4]

Showing simultaneous red (unripe) and black (ripe) fruits


الاستزراع والاستخدامات

It is commonly grown as an ornamental plant for its flowers and berries, growing best on alkaline soils. A number of cultivars have been selected, including 'Aureum', with yellow leaves in spring.[3]

The fruit is of low to zero toxicity, but may cause vomiting or diarrhea if consumed unripe or in large quantities.[5]

المصادر

  1. ^ Flora Europaea: Viburnum lantana
  2. ^ أ ب Blamey, M. & Grey-Wilson, C. (1989). Flora of Britain and Northern Europe. ISBN 0-340-40170-2
  3. ^ أ ب ت Huxley, A., ed. (1992). New RHS Dictionary of Gardening. Macmillan ISBN 0-333-47494-5.
  4. ^ Reader's Digest Field Guide to the Trees and Shrubs of Britain p.87.
  5. ^ Plants for a Future: Viburnum lantana