وحدة:Ancient Greek
Usage
This module transliterates Ancient Greek text. It is based on an old version of the Ancient Greek transliteration module on Wiktionary, with minor modifications to make it callable through a template.
{{#invoke:Ancient Greek|translit|οἷος}}
- hoîos
The code below uses the basic string functions (for instance, str:gsub(...)"[αΑ]""α+"
local p = {}
local macron = mw.ustring.char(0x304)
local breve = mw.ustring.char(0x306)
local rough = mw.ustring.char(0x314)
local smooth = mw.ustring.char(0x313)
local diaeresis = mw.ustring.char(0x308)
local acute = mw.ustring.char(0x301)
local grave = mw.ustring.char(0x300)
local circumflex = mw.ustring.char(0x342)
local Latin_circumflex = mw.ustring.char(0x302)
local subscript = mw.ustring.char(0x345)
local macron_circumflex = macron .. diaeresis .. '?' .. Latin_circumflex
local is_velar = { ['κ'] = true, ['γ'] = true, ['χ'] = true, ['ξ'] = true, }
local UTF8_char = "[%z\1-\127\194-\244][\128-\191]*"
local basic_Greek = "[\206-\207][\128-\191]" -- excluding first line of Greek and Coptic block: ͰͱͲͳʹ͵Ͷͷͺͻͼͽ;Ϳ
local info = {}
-- The tables are shared among different characters so that they can be checked
-- for equality if needed, and to use less space.
local vowel = { vowel = true, diacritic_seat = true }
local iota = { vowel = true, diacritic_seat = true, offglide = true }
local upsilon = { vowel = true, diacritic_seat = true, offglide = true }
-- Technically rho is only a seat for rough or smooth breathing.
local rho = { consonant = true, diacritic_seat = true }
local consonant = { consonant = true }
local diacritic = { diacritic = true }
-- Needed for equality comparisons.
local breathing = { diacritic = true }
local function add_info(characters, t)
if type(characters) == "string" then
for character in string.gmatch(characters, UTF8_char) do
info[character] = t
end
else
for _, character in ipairs(characters) do
info[character] = t
end
end
end
add_info({ macron, breve,
diaeresis,
acute, grave, circumflex,
subscript,
}, diacritic)
add_info({rough, smooth}, breathing)
add_info("ΑΕΗΟΩαεηοω", vowel)
add_info("Ιι", iota)
add_info("Υυ", upsilon)
add_info("ΒΓΔΖΘΚΛΜΝΞΠΡΣΤΦΧΨϜϘϺϷͶϠβγδζθκλμνξπρσςτφχψϝϙϻϸͷϡ", consonant)
add_info("Ρρ", rho)
local not_recognized = {}
setmetatable(info, { __index =
function()
return not_recognized
end
})
local function quote(str)
return "“" .. str .. "”"
end
local correspondences = {
-- Vowels
["α"] = "a",
["ε"] = "e",
["η"] = "e" .. macron,
["ι"] = "i",
["ο"] = "o",
["υ"] = "u",
["ω"] = "o" .. macron,
-- Consonants
["β"] = "b",
["γ"] = "g",
["δ"] = "d",
["ζ"] = "z",
["θ"] = "th",
["κ"] = "k",
["λ"] = "l",
["μ"] = "m",
["ν"] = "n",
["ξ"] = "x",
["π"] = "p",
["ρ"] = "r",
["σ"] = "s",
["ς"] = "s",
["τ"] = "t",
["φ"] = "ph",
["ψ"] = "ps",
-- Archaic letters
["ϝ"] = "w",
["ϻ"] = "ś",
["ϙ"] = "q",
["ϡ"] = "š",
["ͷ"] = "v",
-- Diacritics
[smooth] = '',
[rough] = '', -- h is added below in the `transliterate` function.
[breve] = '',
}
local ALA_LC = {
["χ"] = "ch",
[acute] = '',
[grave] = '',
[circumflex] = '',
[subscript] = '',
[diaeresis] = '',
[macron] = '',
}
local Wiktionary_transliteration = {
["χ"] = "kh",
[circumflex] = Latin_circumflex,
[subscript] = 'i',
}
local function add_index_metamethod(t, index_metamethod)
local mt = getmetatable(t)
if not mt then
mt = {}
setmetatable(t, mt)
end
mt.__index = index_metamethod
end
--[=[
This breaks a word into meaningful "tokens", which are
individual letters or diphthongs with their diacritics.
Used by [[Module:grc-accent]] and [[Module:grc-pronunciation]].
--]=]
local function tokenize(text)
local tokens, vowel_info, prev_info = {}, {}, {}
local token_i = 1
local prev
for character in string.gmatch(mw.ustring.toNFD(text), UTF8_char) do
local curr_info = info[character]
-- Split vowels between tokens if not a diphthong.
if curr_info.vowel then
if prev and (not (curr_info.offglide and prev_info.vowel)
-- υυ → υ, υ
-- ιυ → ι, υ
or prev_info.offglide and curr_info == upsilon) then
token_i = token_i + 1
end
tokens[token_i] = (tokens[token_i] or "") .. character
table.insert(vowel_info, { index = token_i })
elseif curr_info.diacritic then
tokens[token_i] = (tokens[token_i] or "") .. character
if prev_info.vowel or prev_info.diacritic then
if character == diaeresis then
-- Current token is vowel, vowel, possibly other diacritics,
-- and a diaeresis.
-- Split the current token into two:
-- the first letter, then the second letter plus any diacritics.
local previous_vowel, vowel_with_diaeresis = string.match(tokens[token_i], "^(" .. basic_Greek .. ")(" .. basic_Greek .. ".+)")
if previous_vowel then
tokens[token_i], tokens[token_i + 1] = previous_vowel, vowel_with_diaeresis
token_i = token_i + 1
end
end
elseif prev_info == rho then
if curr_info ~= breathing then
return string.format("The character %s cannot have the accent %s on it.", prev, "◌" .. character)
end
else
error("The character " .. quote(prev) .. " cannot have a diacritic on it.")
end
elseif curr_info == rho then
if prev and not (prev_info == breathing and info[string.match(tokens[token_i], "^" .. basic_Greek)] == rho) then
token_i = token_i + 1
end
tokens[token_i] = (tokens[token_i] or "") .. character
else
if prev then
token_i = token_i + 1
end
tokens[token_i] = (tokens[token_i] or "") .. character
end
prev = character
prev_info = curr_info
end
return tokens
end
function p.transliterate(text, system)
add_index_metamethod(correspondences, system == "ALA-LC" and ALA_LC or Wiktionary_transliteration)
if text == '῾' then
return 'h'
end
text = mw.ustring.toNFD(text)
--[[
Replace semicolon or Greek question mark with regular question mark,
except after an ASCII alphanumeric character (to avoid converting
semicolons in HTML entities).
--]]
text = mw.ustring.gsub(text, "([^A-Za-z0-9])[;" .. mw.ustring.char(0x37E) .. "]", "%1?")
-- Handle the middle dot. It is equivalent to semicolon or colon, but semicolon is probably more common.
text = text:gsub("·", ";")
local tokens = tokenize(text)
--now read the tokens
local output = {}
for i, token in pairs(tokens) do
-- substitute each character in the token for its transliteration
local translit = string.gsub(mw.ustring.lower(token), UTF8_char, correspondences)
if token == 'γ' and is_velar[tokens[i + 1]] then
-- γ before a velar should be <n>
translit = 'n'
elseif token == 'ρ' and tokens[i - 1] == 'ρ' then
-- ρ after ρ should be <rh>
translit = 'rh'
elseif system == "Wiktionary" and mw.ustring.find(token, '^[αΑ].*' .. subscript .. '$') then
-- add macron to ᾳ
translit = mw.ustring.gsub(translit, '([aA])', '%1' .. macron)
end
if token:find(rough) then
if mw.ustring.find(token, '[Ρρ]') then
translit = translit .. 'h'
else -- vowel
translit = 'h' .. translit
end
end
if system == "ALA-LC" and mw.ustring.find(token, '^[υΥ][^ιΙ]*$') then
translit = translit:gsub('u', 'y'):gsub('U', 'Y')
end
-- Remove macron from a vowel that has a circumflex.
if mw.ustring.find(translit, macron_circumflex) then
translit = translit:gsub(macron, '')
end
-- Capitalize first character of transliteration.
if token ~= mw.ustring.lower(token) then
translit = mw.ustring.gsub(translit, "^.", mw.ustring.upper)
end
table.insert(output, translit)
end
return table.concat(output)
end
function p.translit(frame)
local text = frame.args[1] or frame:getParent().args[1]
local system = frame.args.system
if system == nil or system == "" then
system = "Wiktionary"
elseif not (system == "ALA-LC" or system == "Wiktionary") then
error('Transliteration system in |system= not recognized; choose between "ALA-LC" and "Wiktionary"')
end
local transliteration = p.transliterate(text, system)
return '<span title="Ancient Greek transliteration" lang="grc-Latn"><i>' .. transliteration .. '</i></span>'
end
function p.bare_translit(frame)
return p.transliterate(frame.args[1] or frame:getParent().args[1])
end
return p