هلموت فون مولتكه الأصغر

إذا كنت تريد the German military strategist of the 19th century، انظر Helmuth von Moltke the Elder. إذا كنت تريد the German resistance figure of the Nazi era، انظر Helmuth James Graf von Moltke.

Helmuth von Moltke the Younger
Moltke in 1906
Chief of the German General Staff
في المنصب 1 يناير 1906 – 14 سبتمبر 1914
المستشار	Bernhard von Bülow Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg
سبقه	Alfred von Schlieffen
العاهل	ڤلهلم الثاني
خلفه	إريش فون فالكن‌هاين
تفاصيل شخصية
وُلِد	(1848-05-25)25 مايو 1848 Biendorf, Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, German Confederation
توفي	18 يونيو 1916(1916-06-18) (aged 68) برلين, Province of Brandenburg, مملكة پروسيا، الامبراطورية الألمانية
المدفن	Invalidenfriedhof
الخدمة العسكرية
الكنية	Moltke the Younger (Moltke der Jüngere)
الولاء	قالب:Country data North German Confederation الإمبراطورية الألمانية
الخدمة/الفرع	بروسيا الجيش الألماني الإمبراطوري|الإمبراطورية الألمانية
سنوات الخدمة	1868–1916
الرتبة	Generaloberst
قاد	1st Guards Infantry Brigade 1st Guards Infantry Division Chief of the General Staff
المعارك/الحروب	Franco-Prussian War الحرب العالمية الأولى
الأوسمة	Pour le Mérite Order of the Red Eagle House Order of the Wendish Crown Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order

Helmuth Johannes Ludwig Graf von Moltke (ألمانية: [ˈhɛlmuːt fɔn ˈmɔltkə]; 25 May 1848 – 18 June 1916), also known as Moltke the Younger, was a German general and Chief of the Great German General Staff. He was also the nephew of Generalfeldmarschall (Field Marshal) Helmuth Karl Bernhard von Moltke who is commonly called "Moltke the Elder" to differentiate the two.

Upon becoming the head of the General Staff, Moltke led the German Army from 1 January 1906 to 14 September 1914 during the opening months of World War I. His legacy remains a matter of controversy due to his involvement in Germany’s decision to go to war and the failure of the Schlieffen Plan.

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 Early career

Helmuth von Moltke was born in Biendorf, Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, and was named after his uncle, Helmuth Karl Bernhard von Moltke, future Generalfeldmarschall (Field Marshal) and hero of the Unification of Germany. During the Franco-Prussian War, Moltke served with the 7th Grenadier Regiment and was cited for bravery. He attended the War Academy between 1875 and 1878 and joined the General Staff in 1880. In 1882 he became personal adjutant to his uncle, who was then Chief of the General Staff. In 1891, on the death of his uncle, Moltke became aide-de-camp to Kaiser Wilhem II, thus becoming part of the Emperor's inner circle. In 1898 he became commander of the 1st Guards Infantry Brigade and in 1902, being promoted to Lieutenant General, received command of the 1st Guards Infantry Division.^:47–49

 الصعود لرئاسة الأركان

الامبراطور يرحب بالضباط أثناء مناورات في 1905. فون مولتكه على صهوة جواد، في الطرف الأيمن للصورة.

في 1904 Moltke was made Quartermaster-General; in effect, Deputy Chief of the General Staff. In 1906, he became chief on the retirement of Alfred von Schlieffen. His appointment was controversial then and remains so today. The other likely candidates for the position were Hans Hartwig von Beseler, Karl von Bülow and Colmar Freiherr von der Goltz.^:68 Critics charge that Moltke gained the position on the strength of his name and his friendship with the Kaiser, whom he was certainly far closer to than the other candidates. Historians argue that Beseler was too close to Schlieffen to have succeeded him, while Bülow and Goltz were too independent for Wilhelm to have accepted them. Moltke's friendship with the Kaiser permitted him a latitude that others could not have enjoyed. Goltz, at least, saw nothing wrong with Moltke's performance as Chief.^:71

 هزيمة المارن

•  مقالة مفصلة: معركة المارن

مولتكه يحلل معركة المارن.

 وفاته

قبر الجنرال فون مولتكه وزوجته في مقبرة الإنڤليد، في برلين.

 الفظائع الألمانية

تماماً كعمه، يرى الفرنسيون مولتكه أنه مسئول عن الفظائع التي ارتكبها جنود الجيش الألماني.

 Further reading

• Craig, Gordon A. The politics of the Prussian army 1640-1945 (1955). Online free to borrow
• Foley, Robert T. "Preparing the German Army for the First World War: The Operational Ideas of Alfred von Schlieffen and Helmuth von Moltke the Younger." War & Society 22.2 (2004): 1-25. online
• Fromkin. David. Europe's Last Summer: Who Started the Great War in 1914? (2005)
• Herwig, Holger H. The Marne, 1914: the opening of World War I and the battle that changed the world (2011).
• Meyer, Thomas (Ed.). Helmuth von Moltke, Light for the new millennium: Rudolf Steiner's association with Helmuth and Eliza von Moltke: letters, documents and after-death communications. Rudolf Steiner Press, London, 1997. ISBN 1-85584-051-0.
• Mombauer, Annika. Helmuth von Moltke and the Origins of the First World War. Cambridge University Press, 2001.
• Terraine, John (1960). Mons, The Retreat to Victory. London: Wordsworth Military Library. ISBN 1-84022-240-9.
• Tuchman, Barbara. The Guns of August, also published as August 1914, Macmillan Publishers, 1962.
• Zuber, Terence. Inventing the Schlieffen Plan: German War Planning, 1871–1914. Oxford University Press, 2002.
• Heinrich Walle: Moltke Helmuth. In: Neue Deutsche Biographie (NDB). Bd. 18, Berlin قالب:NDB/Jahr, S. 17–18.
• Helmuth Johannes Ludwig von Moltke: Erinnerungen, Briefe, Dokumente 1877-1916. Stuttgart 1922

 وصلات خارجية

• Media related to Helmuth Johannes Ludwig von Moltke at Wikimedia Commons

• Newspaper clippings about هلموت فون مولتكه الأصغر in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW

مناصب عسكرية
سبقه Count Schlieffen	Chief of the General Staff 1906–1914	تبعه إريش فون فالكن‌هاين
سبقه Karl von Bülow	Quartermaster-General of the German Army 16 February 1904 – 31 December 1905	تبعه Fritz von Below