نهر يانة

Coordinates: 37°10′12″N 7°23′37″W / 37.17000°N 7.39361°W / 37.17000; -7.39361
Guadiana River
Rio Guadiana
Guadiana river.jpg
The Guadiana River in the area around Serpa, Portugal
Guadiana.png
About 83 percent, 55,000 square kilometres (21,000 sq mi), of the River Guadiana watershed is in Spain; the rest is in Portugal (interactive map)
أصل الاسمArabic derivative of Wādī + Ana, meaning "River Ana"
الموقع
البلدPortugal, Spain
السمات الطبيعية
المنبعOjos del Guadiana
 ⁃ الموقعVillarrubia de los Ojos, Castile–La Mancha, Spain
 ⁃ الإحداثيات39°7′36″N 3°43′36″W / 39.12667°N 3.72667°W / 39.12667; -3.72667
 ⁃ المنسوب608 متر
المصبGulf of Cádiz
 - الموقع
Vila Real de Santo António, Algarve, Portugal
 - الإحداثيات
37°10′12″N 7°23′37″W / 37.17000°N 7.39361°W / 37.17000; -7.39361
 - المنسوب
0 متر
الطول818 km (508 mi)
مساحة الحوض67,733 km2 (26,152 sq mi)
العمق 
 - الأدنى5 m (16 ft)
 - الأقصى17 m (56 ft)
التدفق 
 ⁃ المتوسط78.8 m3/s (2,780 cu ft/s)
 ⁃ أدنى تدفق20 m3/s (710 cu ft/s)
 ⁃ أقصى تدفق1,500 m3/s (53,000 cu ft/s)
سمات الحوض
الروافد 
 - اليسرى
 - اليمنى

نهر يَانَة[1] أو نهر بَطَلْيُوس[2] (من اللاتينية: Fluminus Anae، وهو حاليًا بالإسبانية: Guadiana) ( /ˌɡwɑːdiˈɑːnə/, also الأمريكي /ɡwɑːdˈjɑːnə/,[3][4] النطق الإسپاني: [ɡwaˈðjana], البرتغالية: [ɡwɐðiˈɐnɐ]), or Odiana هو أعرض نهر بشبه الجزيرة الأيبيرية، ينبع من وسط إسبانيا ويصب في المحيط الأطلسي على الحدود الإسبانية البرتغالية. يبلغ طوله 742 كم، ويفصل Extremadura and Andalusia (Spain) from Alentejo and Algarve (Portugal). The river's basin extends from the eastern portion of Extremadura to the southern provinces of the Algarve; the river and its tributaries flow from east to west, then south through Portugal to the border towns of Vila Real de Santo António (Portugal) and Ayamonte (Spain), where it flows into the Gulf of Cádiz. With a course that covers a distance of 829 kilometres (515 mi), it is the fourth-longest in the Iberian peninsula, and its hydrological basin extends over an area of approximately 68,000 square kilometres (26,000 sq mi) (the majority of which lies within Spain).

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أصل الاسم

The Guadiana drainage basin in the Iberian peninsula

The Romans referred to the river as the Flumen Anas, the "River of Ducks". During the Moorish occupation and settlement, the name was extended and referred to as Wadi Ana (wādī being the Arab term for "river"), later passed on to Portuguese and Spanish settlers as the Ouadiana, and later just Odiana. Since the 16th century, due to Castilian influences, the name has slowly evolved to take on the form Guadiana, a cognitive variation that developed from many Moorish-Arab river place-names using the prefix guad- (such as the rivers Guadalquivir, Guadalete, Guadalajara or Guadarrama).


الحوض

Lake Alqueva along the River Guadiana
The Alqueva Dam, located in the southern arm of the Guadiana, is responsible for Western Europe's largest reservoir.
نهر يانة قرب مدينة مدلين (إسبانيا)

The Guadiana flows east to west through Spain and south through Portugal, then forms the Spanish-Portuguese border; it flows into the Gulf of Cádiz, part of the Atlantic Ocean, between Vila Real de Santo António (Portugal) and Ayamonte (Spain). It is 818 kilometres (508 mi) long, of which 578 kilometres (359 mi) are within Spanish territory, 140 kilometres (87 mi) within Portugal, while 100 kilometres (62 mi) are shared between the two nations. About 82 percent, 55,444 square kilometres (21,407 sq mi), of its basin is in Spain, while about 17 percent, 11,560 square kilometres (4,460 sq mi) is in Portugal.[5]

المصادر

The exact source of the river in Castilla-La Mancha is disputed, but it is generally believed to spring in the Ojos del Guadiana, Villarrubia de los Ojos municipal term, Ciudad Real Province, Castile–La Mancha, about 608 metres (1,995 ft) in elevation.

السدود

There are over 30 dams on the river basin. The following are the dams on the Guadiana river itself:[6]

انظر أيضاً

المراجع

الهامش
  1. ^ «نهر يانة وهو نهر ماردة وبطليوس، وعليه حصن مارتلة المشهور بالمنعة والحصانة». الإدريسي، نزهة المشتاق في اختراق الآفاق.
  2. ^ «مارتلة: على نهر بطليوس بجزيرة الأندلس، منها الزاهد موسى بن عمران المارتلي، اشتهر في إشبيلية بالصلاح». الحميري، الروض المعطار في خبر الأقطار.
  3. ^ "Guadiana". Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins. Retrieved 30 May 2019.
  4. ^ "Guadiana". Oxford Living Dictionaries. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 30 May 2019. Retrieved 30 May 2019.
  5. ^ Aldaya & Llamas 2009, p. 6.
  6. ^ Dams on the Guadiana Basin.
المصادر

وصلات خارجية

قالب:Rivers and Streams of the Algarve

الكلمات الدالة: