نمر أبيض

من أجل استخدامات أخرى، انظر نمر أبيض (توضيح).

نـمـر أبـيـض
White Tiger
White Tiger.jpg
White Tiger cub
التصنيف العلمي
مملكة:
الحيوان
Phylum:
الحبليات
Class:
الثدييات
Order:
آكلات اللحوم
Family:
Felidae
Genus:
Panthera
Species:
P. tigris
Subspecies:
P. t. tigris

النمر الأبيض white tiger (Panthera tigris) هو نمر ذو حالة جينية تزيل تقريباً كل الصبغة في فروه الذي يكون برتقالي اللون في النمر العادي إلا أن الشرَط السوداء تبقى كما هي. ويحدث هذا عندما يرث النمر نسختين من الجين المتنحي للتلوين الشاحب: أنف وردية, مخالب وردية, جلد رمادي-مرقط, وعينان لنهما أزرق ثلجي وفراء أبيض إلى لون القشدةمع شـُرَط سوداء أو رمادية أو بلون الشوكولاتة. Mr. H.E. Scott of the Indian police gave this description of a captive white tiger's eyes-"The colourings of the eyes are very distinct. There is no well defined division between the yellow of the comex and the blue of the iris. The eyes in some lights are practically colourless merely showing the black pupil on a light yellow background."[1] (Another genetic condition also makes the stripes of the tiger very pale; white tigers of this type are called snow-white.)


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Stripeless (Snow White) Tigers

This nearly stripeless tiger is on display at The Mirage in Las Vegas, Nevada


الجينات والمهاقة

A white tiger in captivity at Wrocław zoo. The presence of stripes indicates it is not a true albino.
White tigers at Singapore zoo


Inbreeding depression

White tiger at the ZooParc de Beauval in France
White tiger at Delhi zoo


White tiger at the Miami MetroZoo

تسجيلاات تاريخية

White tiger sleeping at the Audubon Zoo in New Orleans, Louisiana.


المصادر

  1. ^ Miscellaneous Notes No. 1-A WHITE TIGER IN CAPTIVITY (with a photo) Journal Of The Bombay Natural History Society Vol. XXVII No. 47 1921 http://www.messybeast.com/genetics/tigers-white.htm
  • Park, Edwards "Around The Mall And Beyond." Smithsonian September 1979
  • Reed, Elizabeth C., "White Tiger In My House." National Geographic May 1970
  • "Genetic abnormality of the visual pathways in a "white" tiger" R.W. Guillery and J.H. Kaas Science June 22, 1973
  • "Cross-eyed tigers" Scientific American 229:43 August 1973
  • "Now He's The Cat's Meow" Dan Geringer Sports Illustrated Vol. 65 No. 3 July 21, 1986
  • "Here Kitty Kitty: Cincinnati Zoo Breeds Five Rare White Tigers" People Weekly 21:97-9 January 23, 1984
  • "White Tiger: An Indian Maharaja Is Trying To Sell His Rare Cub To A U.S. Zoo." Life 31:69 October 15, 1951
  • "White Tiger From India" Life 49: 47-8 December 19, 1960
  • "Grrr! Ownership of a rare white tiger disputed." The Detroit News February 11, 1975 Section A pg. 3;
  • Sankhala, Kailash, "Tiger !: The story of the Indian tiger/Kailash Sankhala New York Simon & Schuster c1977. (see above references)
  • Bernays, M.E., Smith, Rie "Convergent strabismus in a white tiger." Australian Vet. J. Vol. 77, No. 3, March 1999;
  • "Indian rajah offers to sell rare white cub", N.Y. Times and London Times ads June 22 1951;
  • "White tiger exports banned, India, N.Y. Times D. 4, 1960 12:2;
  • "'White' Tigress Arrives by Air On Way to Zoo in Washington." N.Y. Times Dec. 1, 1960 pg. 37 L+;
  • "Eisenhower Is Wary as He meets a 'White' Tiger." N.Y. Times Dec. 6, 1960 pg. 47 L+;
  • Husain, Dawar "Breeding And Hand-Rearing Of White Tiger Cubs Panthera tigris At Delhi Zoo." The International Zoo Yearbook Vol VI 1966
  • Bruning, Fred, "Hall Has A White Tiger by the Handle." The Miami Herald Jan. 14, 1968;
  • "Lady Is A Tiger." The Miami Herald Jan. 19, 1968;
  • Roychoudhury, A.K., The Indian White Tiger Studbook (1989);\
  • "2 tiger cubs, rare Siberian, born at fair" The Baltimore Sun, Monday, June 28 1976 page C.1;
  • "President Gets White Tiger for National Zoo" The Philadelphia Inquirer Tuesday Morning Dec. 6, 1960
  • "Death of white tiger" Washington Post July 9 1971 pgs. B1, B5
  • Greenberg, Robert I, "White Tigress Visits Zoo for 3 Days And Monkeys See Red" The Philadelphia Inquirer Saturday Morning Dec. 3, 1960
  • "White Tiger At Zoo For Three-Day Visit" The Evening Bulletin, Philadelphia, Friday Dec. 2, 1960
  • "He's Not Enchanted: Eisenhower Accepts Tigress-Distantly" The Bulletin, Philadelphia, Dec. 6, 1960
  • "20 year old Mohini Rewa put to death at National Zoo" Washington Post April 3 1979 pg. B1
  • D.C. born white tiger killed by mate in Columbus (Ohio) zoo" Washington Post July 8 1983 pg. B3
  • Greed, R.E., "White Tigers, Panthera tigris, At Bristol Zoo" The International Zoo Yearbook Vol. V 1965
  • Sankhala, Kailash "Breeding Behavior of The Tiger Panthera tigris In Rajasthan" International Zoo Yearbook Vol. VII 1967 pg. 133
  • "White Bengal tiger imported for Longleat safari park" The London Times March 22 1989 pg. 3d
  • "White tigers at Bristol Zoo" The London Times August 17 1963 pg. 8b.
  • "Siberian tiger cubs born at Como Zoo" The New York Times July 23 1958 pg. 40:2
  • Hanna, Jack "Monkeys On The Interstate" Doubleday Dell Publishing Group Inc. 666 Fifth Ave. New York New York 10103 1989 pgs. 206-209, 211, 216-217
  • Maruska, Edward J., 33. "White Tiger Phantom or Freak?", Part VI White Tiger Politics, Tigers of The World The Biology, Biopolitics, Management, and Conservation of an Endangered, Species Noyes Publications, Park Ridge, New Jersey USA 1987
  • Roychoudhury, A.K., 34. "White Tigers and Their Conservation" White Tiger Politics 1987
  • Simmons, Lee G., 35. "White Tigers The Realities" White Tiger Politics 1987
  • Latinen, Catherine, 36. "White Tigers and Species Survival Plans" White Tiger Politics 1987
  • Isaac, J., 1984 Tiger Tale. Geo 6 (August) 82-86
  • Gee, E.P., 1964 "The White Tigers" Animals 3:282-286
  • Gee, E.P., 1964 "The Wildlife of India" London: Collins.
  • Stracey, P.D., "Tigers" London: Barker; New York: Golden P., 1968
  • Mazak, Vratislav, Der Tiger, Wittenberg Lutherstadt: Ziemensen, 1983
  • Perry, Richard, The World of the Tiger, New York: Atheneum 1965 (c. 1964)
  • Gee, E.P., "Albinism And Partial Albinism In Tigers", Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 1959, Vol. 56, pages. 581-587
  • Van Nostrand, Mary L., "Mohan The Ghost Tiger of Rewa", Zoonooz May 1984 pgs. 4-7
  • Sunquist, Fiona "The Secret Of The White Tiger" National Geographic World Dec. 2000 pg. 26
  • "Verdict upheld in cubs case", The Baton Rouge Advocate, Nov. 16, 1986 (story concerning the theft of five white tiger cubs by a veterinarian from the Hawthorn Circus in 1984. Two died. The cubs were taken to Louisiana.)
  • "Rewati", Columbus ZooViews, Autumn 1981
  • Sayler, H.L., The White Tiger Of Nepal, Reilly & Britton Co. 1912
  • Culver, Lynn, White Tigers; History, Breeding, And Genetics http://www.exoticcatz.com/sptigerwhite.html
  • An Albino Tiger From The Central Provinces, Journal Of The Bombay Natural History Society, Miscellaneous Notes. Vol. XXIV No. 4 pg. 819 1916 http://www.messybeast.com/genetics/tigers-white.htm
  • Miscellaneous Notes. No. I-A WHITE TIGRESS IN ORISSA, The Journal Of The Bombay Natural History Society, Vol. XIX Nov. 15, 1909 pg. 744 http://www.messybeast.com/genetics/tigers-white.htm
  • Guggisberg, C.A.W., Wild Cats Of The World, Taplinger Publishing Co. INC. New York, New York 1975 pg. 186
  • Rare tigers born at fair, The New York Times June 28, 1976
  • First white tiger in Africa, Zoon No.29 1988-4
  • How to breed a white tiger, Zoon No.29 1988-4
  • Tahir, Zulqernain, Virus claims lives of two zoo tigers, Dawn April 20, 2006 http://www.dawn.com/2006/04/20/nat31.htm
  • Ahmed, Shoaib, Another zoo tiger dies, Dawn Monday March 19, 2007 http://www.dawn.com/2007/03/19/nat6.htm
  • Das, Prafulla, Ten tigers die at Nandankanan Zoo, The Hindu Thursday July 6, 2000 http://www.hindu.com/2000/07/06/stories/01060002.htm
  • Chattopadhayay, Suhrid Sankar, in Bhubaneswar, The Nandankanan tragedy: The death of 12 tigers in an Orissa zoo raises important questions about the care and management of wild animals in captivity, Frontline Vol. 17 issue 15, July 22- Aug. 04, 2000 http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/fline/fl1715/17150820.htm

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