نجمية (فصيلة)

النجمية ; Asteraceae; Temporal range: 49 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓ Eocene - Recent
	A poster with twelve different species of Asteracea from the Asteroideae, Cichorioideaea and Carduoideae subfamilies
التصنيف العلمي
مملكة:	Plantae
Division:	Magnoliophyta
Class:	Magnoliopsida
Order:	Asterales
Family:	Asteraceae; Bercht. & J.Presl
Type genus
	Aster L.;
Subfamilies
	Asteroideae; Barnadesioideae; Carduoideae; Cichorioideae; Corymbioideae; Gochnatioideae; Gymnarrhenoideae; Hecastocleidoideae; Mutisioideae; Pertyoideae; Stifftioideae; Wunderlichioideae;
Diversity
	Genus
Synonyms
	Compositae Giseke; Acarnaceae Link; Ambrosiaceae Bercht. & J. Presl; Anthemidaceae Bercht. & J. Presl; Aposeridaceae Raf.; Arctotidaceae Bercht. & J. Presl; Artemisiaceae Martinov; Athanasiaceae Martinov; Calendulaceae Bercht. & J. Presl; Carduaceae Bercht. & J. Presl; Cassiniaceae Sch. Bip.; Cichoriaceae Juss.; Coreopsidaceae Link; Cynaraceae Spenn.; Echinopaceae Bercht. & J. Presl; Eupatoriaceae Bercht. & J. Presl; Helichrysaceae Link; Inulaceae Bercht. & J. Presl; Lactucaceae Drude; Mutisiaceae Burnett; Partheniaceae Link; Perdiciaceae Link; Senecionaceae Bercht. & J. Presl; Vernoniaceae Burmeist.; ; Sources: UniProt GRIN

الفصيلة النجمية Asteraceae أو المركـَّبة Compositae (تـُعرف باسم aster, daisy، أو فصيلة عباد الشمس Sunflower) هي أكبر فصيلة في النباتات المزهرة، من حيث عدد ألانواع.

cladogram تقريبي مبين أدناه. الجوهرة تشير إلى تفريع دعمه بالغ السوء (<50%)، النقطة تشير إلى تفريع دعمه سيء (<80%).^[4]

Barnadesioideae: 9 genera, 93 species. South America, mainly the Andes.

Stifftioideae: South America and Asia.

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Mutisioideae: 58 genera, 750 species. South America.

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Wunderlichioideae:8 genera, 24 species, mostly in Venezuela and Guyana

Gochnatioideae: 4 or 5 genera, 90 species.

Hecastocleidoideae: Only Hecastocleis shockleyi. South-western US.

Carduoideae: 83 genera, 2,500 species. Worldwide.

Pertyoideae: 5 or 6 genera, 70 species.

Gymnarrhenoideae: Only Gymnarrhena micrantha. Northern Africa.

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Cichorioideae: 224 genera, 3,200 species. Worldwide.

Corymbioideae: Only the genus Corymbium, with 7 species.

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	Asteroideae: 1,130 genera and 16,200 species. Worldwide.

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الأزهار

A typical Asteraceae flower head (here Bidens torta) تبين الأزهار المفردة

Detail of disk florets.

الثمار والبذور

Seeds are dispersed by the wind in Carlina

البيئة

Epizoochory in Bidens tripartita

الاستخدامات

Sunflowers are a commonly cultivated member of Asteraceae

A Dahlia cultivar

Genera

معرض صور

Aster alpinus
Senecio aureus
Vernonia fasciculata
Eupatorium cannabinum
Chuquiraga oppostifolia (Barnadesioideae)
Carduus tenuiflorus (Carduoideae)
Gerbera sp. (Mutisoideae). Note the zygomorphic disc flowers.
Pertya scandens (Pertyoideae)
Cichorium intybus (Cichorioideae). Note the dark blue anther tubes and the bilabiate styles.
Aster novae-angliae (Asteroideae)
Ray floret (as in Chichorioideae, and the outer florets in Asteroideae)
Disc floret (as in Asteroideae)
The involucral leaves of the capitula of the globe artichoke (here flowering) are eaten as vegetable
The large seed head of Tragopogon pratensis is composed of many single achenes, each with its own pappus
Sticking teeth of a Bidens tripartita achene under stereomicroscope (30X).
The stem of the dandelion (Taraxacum, Cichorioidea) contains a bitter latex.
Mexican Hat, Ratibida columnifera.

طالع أيضاً

الهامش

^ Scott, L (2006). "Early history of Cainozoic Asteraceae along the Southern African west coast". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 142: 47. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2006.07.010.
^ قالب:UniProt Taxonomy
^ Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) (2007-04-13). "Family: Asteraceae Bercht. & J. Presl, nom. cons" (HTML). Taxonomy for Plants. USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program, National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved 2008-06-12.
^ Stevens, P.F., Angiosperm Phylogeny Website

المصادر

Panero J. L. and V. A. Funk. 2002. Toward a phylogenetic subfamilial classification for the Compositae (Asteraceae). Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 115: 909-922.
Stevens, P. F. Angiosperm Phylogeny Website
Usher, George (1966). A dictionary of botany, including terms used in bio-chemistry, soil science, and statistics. Princeton: Van Nostrand. LCCN 66-25447.
Judd & al. Plant Systematics: A Phylogenetic Approach
http://ibot.sav.sk/icbn/main.htm International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (VIENNA CODE)
ITIS report 2002-09-10
Walters, Dirk R. and David J. Keil (1996). Vascular plant taxonomy. 4th ed. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company. Dubuque, Iowa.
Wagner,W.L., D.R. Herbst, and S.H. Sohmer. 1990. Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai‘i, Vol. I. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu. 988 pp.
D. J. N. Hind, C. Jeffrey & G. V. Pope (eds.), Advances in Compositae systematics. - Royal Bot. Gardens, Kew, 469 pp., 1995
Odom, Richard B. (2000). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology. W.B. Saunders Company. pp. 1135 pages. ISBN 0721658326. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

وصلات خارجية

Media related to نجمية (فصيلة) at Wikimedia Commons
Information related to نجمية (فصيلة) from Wikispecies.
نجمية (فصيلة) at the Open Directory Project

[1] Scott, L (2006). "Early history of Cainozoic Asteraceae along the Southern African west coast". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 142: 47. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2006.07.010.

[UniProt-2] قالب:UniProt Taxonomy

[GRIN-3] Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) (2007-04-13). "Family: Asteraceae Bercht. & J. Presl, nom. cons" (HTML). Taxonomy for Plants. USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program, National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved 2008-06-12.

[APW-4] Stevens, P.F., Angiosperm Phylogeny Website

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