اتفاقيات بون-پاريس
اتفاقيات بون-پاريس Bonn–Paris conventions، وقعت في مايو 1952 ودخلت حيز التنفيذ بعد التصديق عليها عام 1955. وضعت الاتفاقيات نهاية لاحتلال الحلفاء لألمانيا الغربية.[1]
سبب تأخر التصديق على الاتفاقية بعد توقيعها يرجع لفشل فرنسا في التصديق على معاهدة متعلقة في تجمع الدفاع الأوروپي. وتم التغلب على هذا الأمر في نهاية المطاف بواسطة رئيس الوزراء البريطاني أنتوني إيدن الذي اقترح أن تصبح ألمانيا الغربية عضواً في الناتو وإزالة الإشارات إلى تجمع الدفاع الأوروپي في اتفاقيات بون-پاريس. تم التوقيع على المعاهدة المنقحة في پاريس، في 23 أكتوبر 1954.[1][2] دخلت الاتفاقيات حيز التنفيذ أثناء الاجتماع الأخير للمفوضية العليا للحلفاء، والذي تم في السفارة الأمريكية في بون، في 5 مايو 1955.[1]
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انظر أيضاً
- پروتوكول پيترزبورگ، في نوفمبر 1949. وقع بين الحلفاء الثلاثة وكونراد أدناور، أول مستشار لجمهورية ألمانيا الاتحادية.[1]
- مؤتمرات لندن وباريس
- اتفاقية القوى الأربعة في لندن
- اتفاقية 4+2 (معاهدة حول التسوية النهائية مع ألمانيا)
المصادر
- Miriam Aziz, (Robert Schumann Centre, European University Institute) Sovereignty Lost, Sovereignty Regained? Some Reflections on the Bundesverfassungsgericht’s Bananas Judgment(PDF) Constitutionalism Web-Papers, ConWEB No. 3/2003,
قراءات إضافية
- Aziz, Miriam. 'The Impact of European Rights on National Legal Cultures' (Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2004)
- Declaration Regarding the Defeat of Germany and the Assumption of Supreme Authority by Allied Powers
- Approval by Western Military Governors: THE BONN CONSTITUTION (BASIC LAW FOR THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY) 12 May 1949
- Joint Resolution To Terminate the State of War Between the United States and the Government of Germany Public Law 181, 82nd Congress, Approved October 19, 1951
- Ostpolitik: The Quadripartite Agreement 3 September 1971
- Press release issued by the Registrar on the judgement in Prince Hans-Adam II of Liechtenstein v. Germany (application number 42527/98) 12 July 2001 (the judgement)
- "Appendix B—Four powers conference", Journals of the Senate of Canada - Second session of the twenty-second Parliament (1955), Ottawa, Queen's Printer, 1955, p. 62a–62f
- 1. Protocol 1. on the Termination of the Occupation Regime in the Federal Republic of Germany
- 2. Resume of the Five Schedules Attached to the Protocol on the Termination of the Occupation Regime
- Declaration of the Federal Republic on Aid to Berlin
- Convention on the presence of Foreign Forces in the Federal Republic of Germany
- 5. Three-Power Declaration on Berlin
- "Appendix C—Nine powers conference", Journals of the Senate of Canada - Second session of the twenty-second Parliament (1955), Ottawa, Queen's Printer, 1955, p. 62f–62t
- 1. Declaraiion inviling Italy and the Federal Republic of Germany to accede to the Brussels Treaty
- 2. Prolocol modifying and completing the Brussels Treaty
- 3. Letters with reference to the jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice from, respectively, the Governments of the Federal Republic and of Italy to the other Governments signatory of the Protocol Modifying and Completing the Brussels Treaty
- 4. Resolution on Production and Standardization of Armaments (Adopted by the Nine-Power Conference on 21sl October, 1954)
- "Appendix D—NORTH ATLANTIC COUNCIL", Journals of the Senate of Canada - Second session of the twenty-second Parliament (1955), Ottawa, Queen's Printer, 1955, p. 62t–62II
- 1 Resolution to Implement Section IV of the Final Act of the London Conference
- 2. Resolution of Association
- Declaration by the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany
- Declaration by the Governments of United States of America, United Kingdom and France
- 3. Protocol to the North Atlantic Treaty on the Accession of the Federal Republic of Germany
- 4 Resolution on Hesulis of the Four and Nine Power Meetings (Adopted by the North Atlantic Council on 22nd October 1954)
- Final Act of the London Conference (October 3rd)
- Federal Chancellor's List — Declaration by the Powers
- British Statement
- Canadian Affirmation
- German Membership of NATO — Powers' Recommendation
- Principles of UN Charter — German Acceptance
- Declaration by the German Federal Republic
- Declaration by the Governments of U.S.A., U.K. and France
- European Unity — Close Association of Britain
- Annex 1. Draft Declaration and Draft Protocol Inviting Italy and the German Federal Republic to Accede to the Brussels Treaty
الهوامش
- ^ أ ب ت ث Joachim von Elbe U.S. Embassy Bonn History U.S. Diplomatic Mission to Germany /Public Affairs/ Information Resource Centers Updated: August 2001
- ^ Dwight D. Eisenhower. Special Message to the Senate Transmitting Protocols to Treaties Relating to the Federal Republic of Germany 15 November 1954 "I transmit herewith for the consideration of the Senate a certified copy of the Protocol on the Termination of the Occupation Regime in the Federal Republic of Germany, signed at Paris on October 23, 1954..."